2022年高考语法填空解题技巧与练习.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习本文章内容说明本文章属于个人整理,期望在 广东比较出名的城市的模拟试题 本文章内容导读 一、动词 谓语 /非谓语 二、名词 三、代词 四、冠词09 年广东高考帮到自己和大家;广州一模等五、介词 六、连词 从属连词 /并列连词 七、情态动词 八、形容词 /副词 九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 十、词形变化或者词性变化 十一、特殊句型(或固定短语)十二、定语从句的引导词十三、状语从句 十四、名词性从句 十五、 时态、语态 十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构 十七、 倒装语序、主谓一样关系、强调结构及其他 十八、 语法填空专练( 8 篇)语法填空的考查范畴:1 语境上下文);2 语法:动词(时态、语态、主谓一样、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等;语法填空的才能要求:1.阅读 /懂得语篇的才能 2.分析句子结构的才能 3.娴熟运用语法的才能 4.单词拼写才能和规律推理才能等,对中下层考生来说,难度较大;重点复习:把握句子的基本结构 第一,我们必需娴熟把握简洁句的基本句型结构:名师归纳总结 (1)主语 +谓语( +宾语 +宾补)第 1 页,共 21 页(2)主语 +系动词 +表语- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载其次,我们要充分明白充当各个句子成分的典型词类:(1)充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词;此外,仍有动名词、不定式短语等;(2)充当谓语的肯定是动词;(3)充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词;(4)在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词;(5)作状语的典型词类是副词;再次,我们仍要把握句子的扩展结构: 两个或几个简洁句之间如不用句号或分号,就必需要用连词,否就,句子的结构就不完整;连词主要有以下四类:(1)用 and,but,or,while 而,却 ,when (就在这个时候)等构成并列句;(2)用 if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that 等构成含状语从句的复合句(这里要留意区分一下复杂句和复合句,复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的 ,在下文的基础写作部分有提到);(3)用 who,which,that,when,where,why 等构成含定语从句的复合句;(这里要提示考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的,但也须结合句子结构来分析;)(4)用 that,if/whether 是否,wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句;解题方法:用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮忙; 在解答语法填空题时, 分析句子结构可以快速确定所要填的词语的词 类或大致方向, 如再结合语境就可以很快得出详细的词语或词形,结合语境方面 要特殊留意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示;如: 阅读下面短文,依据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形 式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置;The Internet has become part of young people s life. _1_ report s hows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _ _2_ use information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students dont use it _4_ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites _5_ sh ouldn t look at. So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on the Internet. _7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly. No w we have a textbook, _8_ uses many examples to teach stude nts some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make _9_ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_ meet with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. A . 从下文中可以看出这是一个报道说明词的用法 . ,前文仍没有显现 ,无须特指 .考查冠2. useful. 提示词 use 出名词和动词的词性,在这里是要一个形容词修饰 imfor mation. 考察词性的判定和转化;3. and. 从这个句子要表达的意思来看 get 和 use 是并列的谓语动词;4. in . 固定搭配, in a way 表示用某种方法;5. they. 这是一个省略了 that/which 的定语从句,从句子成分来看,此句缺乏 主语,是用来修饰 websites, 而关系代词在定语从句种作宾语,故省略,填 they 来作从句中的主语;6. if . 从上一句话承接下来的一个结果, 但用了情态动词 may, 此空应当填连词来 引导一个条件状语从句;7. It. 形式主语 it 代替真正的主语 -不定式 to use the Internet. 8. which. 通过句子分析法可以知道这是一个非限制性的定语从句;9. friends. 由语境,下文中 online friends 推断出 make friends 这个短语;10. meeting . 提示词 meet 虽出名词词性,但 have a meeting 是习惯搭配;下面是一些基本语法的解析,结合以往的一些单项挑选考题作为懂得之用加深对基础语法的懂得 ,对各个部分都有指导作用:一、 动词 谓语 /非谓语 给出动词的原形, 依据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式;填动词形式,首 先抓住主谓结构,确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,就是句子,仍旧有主谓结 构,否就就用非谓语;是谓语就摸索时态,语态,主谓一样,是非谓语就看主动 被动,有否先后关系;动词及动词短语辨析 主要考查的学问点:每年必考的考点,主要从以下几个角度来命题:习惯性 用法;测试语境中动词的词义辨析;测试一些习惯用语中的动词;测试一些 break ,carry ,come ,get ,give ,go ,l 系动词;以下动词组成的短语:ook ,pick ,send ,set ,take ,turn ;英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含 义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点;每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单 词和词组,但并未注明其详细的含义,这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间;所以在复习时,不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义,要大胆地对其深层含义进行 挖掘;如: go out 便可挖掘出以下含义:出去;出国;发出去;贴出去;出 去参与社交活动;离家出去工作;压塌;(火)熄灭;过时;死去;消逝;辞职;下台;终止;罢工等;(在完形填空中多加留意)【例 17】Two or three years ago this kind of glass es w as a favorite with the children ,but now it _ . A. has gone over B. has gone out C. goes by D. is going down 【解析】 go out 在这是 “过时 ” 之意;答案选 B;【答案】 B 【例 18】Theyve _ us 150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?名师归纳总结 A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered 第 3 页,共 21 页【答案】 D - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【解析】解答此题时不能只依据表面意思来挑选;provide表示 “供应”之意,但 常构成 provide sb. with sth.(供应某人某物) 或 provide sth.for sb.(提供某物给某人); supply也表示 “供应”之意,但常构成: supply sb. with sth. 或 supply sth.to sb;show 意为“带路,给某人看 ”,不合句意; off er常用为: offer sb. sth.(供应某物给某人);所以答案是 D;【例 19】To everybody s surprise,the fashionable young lady _ to be a thief. A. found out B. proved out C. putout D. turned out 【答案】 D 【解析】 find out表示“打听,查明 ”;prove out搭配错误; putout表示“扑灭,熄灭 ”;turn out表示“证明是,结果是 ”;故答案为 D;1. Ms Chen teach me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. (广州一 模)2. I was certain she would like it because I te ll by my classmates that she loved hot food. (广州一模)3. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,_ _ change to the library at the last minut e. . 广州二模 4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ _ break his finger. (深二模)5. The child, Nicole Hobson, take by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check (汕头 二模)6. A transit spokesman said the driver should make radio call to the control center for help. (汕头二模)7. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that road. (茂名二模)encourage students to study ab8. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn t have been there if he _ watchthe weather forecast the day before. 梅州二模 9. We must also consider the reaction of the person receivethe gift. (广州一模)10 With the problem nt. . 广州二模 solve, I felt proud of my achieveme11 I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_ complete the rest. . 广州二模 12. There, place neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies her tip. (深一模)13. compare with the previous year, the number of student s who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. (茂名二模)14. Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday, _名师归纳总结 _destroy homes and other buildings and injuring 梅州二模 第 4 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载15We must practise speaking and er we can. write the language whenev16but it is not enough only memorize rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)17. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything _ present to him without any effort on his part. (东莞一模)Keys: 1. has taught / has been teaching /had taught /had been teaching 2. was told/ had been told 3. was changed 4. had broken 5. was being taken 6. have made 7. encourages 8. had watched 9. receiving 10. solved 11. to complete 12. placed 13. compared 14. destroying 15. writing 16. to writing 17. presented 二、名词 主要考查的学问点:名词的用法,语境中词性的判定,词的转化;在语法填空题中常显现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空,重点复习:把握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系(名词单复数 的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一样等语法的制约,因此复习名词单复数时,应 留意分析名词前的数词、 量词、冠词等修饰语情形, 仍应留意主谓一样问题) ;熟识、区分可数不行数(英语中有些名词有时为可数名词,而有时又是不 可数名词,其区分由各自不同的用法而定,这是名词可数性用法的难点);作品,可数;工厂 作坊,可数;工程 如: work 工作,不行数名词;著作 工事,可数;把握名词全部格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法,特殊留意else 的全部格、双重全部格的用法;【例 7】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rush more can be seen from a _ of 60 miles. A. length B. distance C. way D. space 【答案】 B【解析】此题考搭配, from at a distance of. 从 的距离;选 B;考点 3 代词主要考查的学问点:不定代词和替代词的用法,It 的用法和人称代词宾格;复习重点:指代必需精确无误;在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这 三类代词时,要留意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与全部格的一样性;疑问代词的用法; it,one ,that 是高考命题锁定的三个代词;名师归纳总结 【例 8】Which of the three ways shall I take to the village ?第 5 页,共 21 页_ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 【答案】 C 【解析】依据句中three 一词,可以相应的判定答语中应用表示三者的词,即在A、B、C 中挑选;另外,从语境上看,问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村?”而从答话人的语气看,应是“哪条路(任何一条路)都可以 ”;应选C;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载三、代词 主要考查的学问点: 不定代词和替代词的用法,It 的用法和人称代词宾格;复习重点:指代必需精确无误;在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时,要留意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与全部格的一样性;疑问代词的用法; it,one ,that 是高考命题锁定的三个代词;【例 8】Which of the three ways shall I take to the village ?_ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 【答案】 C 【解析】依据句中 three 一词,可以相应的判定答语中应用表示三者的词,即在 A、B、C 中挑选;另外,从语境上看,问者询问的是“我应当走哪条路可以到达乡村? ” 而从答话人的语气看,应是 可以 ” ;应选 C;考点 4 形容词 副词“ 哪条路(任何一条路)都主要考查的学问点:形容词作定语,形容词和副词的比较等级,词义比较等;重点复习:形容词和副词均属修饰性词类,但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具 备不同的用法,高考特别留意对此进行考查,在完形填空和语法填空中显现过 大量此类试题;(形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词;修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词)两个事物进行比较应用比较级,三个或 三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级;形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较;比较级的程度修饰语(much ,very much ,a lot ,a great deal ,far ,by far ,even ,still ,a bit ,a little ,rather ,any ,数词,倍数,分数,百分数等);易混副词的辨析;如:specially /especially/ particularly 等;【例 9】What do you think of the film we saw last night ?I feel _ that the film is well worth seeing once again ?A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard 【答案】 B 【解析】 that 引导一个宾语从句,由此可以判定 feel 在此不是一个连系动词,而是一个实义动词;I feel strongly that.“我坚信 ” ;故答案为 B;挖掉代词,句子的结构受到破坏,句子间显现不连贯;1. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deepbreathing to help relax . (广州二模)2. The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studieda number of coins in it. (深一模)3. the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers. (汕头二模)4If you give your children that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard 湖)as unfit or unable persons. (深圳罗5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000名师归纳总结 of were self-funded students,(茂名二模)spoken.第 6 页,共 21 页6Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear (佛山一模)Keys: 1. myself 2. his 3. nothing 4. themselves 5. them 6. it- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载四、冠词 主要考查的学问点: 冠词的基本用法、 零冠词的用法、 抽象名词详细化和固定搭配;复习重点:( 1)定冠词的用法:主要是一些记忆性的东西,比较纷杂,可以 记几个顺口溜:特指双熟识,上文已提及;世上独无二,序数最高级;普转专 出名,习语及乐器;“ 特指” 指某些人或事物;如:The Englishmen in the dining room now. 谈话双方都熟识的人或事物,即“语境特指 ”;如:are having supper Take the medicine. 上文已提及的人或事物,即“前照料特指 ” ;如: He bought a house. I have been to the house. 世界上独一无二的事物;如:The sun sets. 序数词或形容词最高级前; 如:I live on the second floor. 由一般名词构成的专出名词前;如:The United States. 一些习惯短语中 或西洋乐器前;如: in the way ,by the hour ,on the other hand ,all t he year round ,play the piano the violin. 2)不加冠词的几种情形:以下情形应免冠,代词限定名词前;专出名词不行 数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔;名词前已有作定语用的 限定词;专出名词和不行数名词前;如:this ,that ,some ,any ,my 等 Unity is strength. 表示学科的名词前;如: Economics is different from politics. 球类活动的名词及三餐总称前;如:He likes playing football and always has supper outside. 复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时;如:They are students and we are teachers. 节日、季节、星期、月份前;如:Spring follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday. 表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前;如: White is a beautiful color in China. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前;如:Where is Dad ,Mum ?Bush was made president of the USA again.某些习惯短语中;如: in bed ,in spite of ,by chance ,lose heart ,catch fire ,catch sight of ,go to school ,find fault with ,make use of ,take exception to (反对);(零冠词在语法填空的练习中只显现过一次,正规模拟考试中没有显现过,我们只作明白,不作为重点;)3)不定冠词的几种特殊用法:专出名词前用不定冠词,表示“像 的一个人或物 ”;如:He thinks he is a Napoleon. 姓名前用不定冠词, 表示 “某个叫 的人” ,多指不熟识的人;如: A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon. 用于某些物质名词前,表示“一种、一份、一阵 ”等;如: What would you like to drink ?A tea and a coffee. 用于某些抽象名词前,使抽象概念详细化; 这种用法的名词有 surprise ,knowledge ,success ,failure ,pleasure ,interest ,joy 等等;如: All his efforts ended in failure. 不定冠词用在 population,history ,area ,height ,weight ,depth ,length ,speed 等词前;如: To escape the pull of the earth ,a rocket must reach a speed of40 ,000 km h;【例 6】Of all the subjects ,I like_ history the best because i名师归纳总结 t gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past. 第 7 页,共 21 页A. the ;a B. /;a C. a; the D. a; / - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【答案】 B【解析】 history 是不行数名词,前面一般不加冠词;knowledge 也是不行数名词, 但 knowledge 前加不定冠词, 后跟 of 时组成 a knowledge of 结构,表示 “ 对 熟知、明白 ” ;所以答案为 B;1 But my mood quickly changed when I saw_ first question. 广州二模 2 Then I went to the department store and bought her expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. . 广州一模 3. Tom, 8year old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. (深一模)4He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _ _ good many other things. (深二模)5. I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation an d that she was having _ heart failure. (汕头二模)6.Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but als o _ comparatively cheap one. (东莞一模)Keys: 1. the 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. a 6. a五、介词介词为虚词,不能单独充当句子成分,必需同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语,才能充当句子成分;介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语;介词的用法比较复杂,在英语学习中须多多留意;想看基础学问,请看介词;下面我们来学点介词口诀;帮你快速记单词;一、介词及介词短语介词像个 “游离体 ”, 名前动后常显现,一旦组成 “某结构 ”, 句中成分有一位;“介+宾”叫“介短 ”, 作“形、副 ”句里边;“宾补、表、定、状”, 都能用得上;介词和介词宾语合成介词短语;介词短语在句中的语“动+介” 动词性,“及、不及物 ”谓语用;成语、习语常固定,应用起来有弹性;注 介词后面的名词、代词或数词是介词的宾语,法作用相当于形容词或副词,在句中做宾(主)语、补足语、表语、定语或状语; “动词 +介词(副词) ”组成一个动词词组或短语动词,其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或不及物动词,在句中作谓语;二、介词在句中的位置名师归纳总结 介词活跃句关键,短语合成形简洁,第 8 页,共 21 页独作成分看不见,介短表定状可担;before 时空在之前,after 之后 off 远;直上over , above 斜, under , below 下相反;直到 till, on 表面,穿过 through ,for 因缘;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - by 表旁边 in 里面,with 相伴 by 车船;学习必备欢迎下载时间地点 at 、in、on, 二者 between 多 among ,behind 后面 beside 旁, 邻近 near 沿着 along ;from 来自 like 像, 表示目的 for, to 当;of 所属四周 round , 向上 up 向下 down ;三、 on,at,in 用法巧记 on, at,in 这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点,但详细用法不同,多数同学对它们混淆不清;现在 只要记住了口诀,就可防止 at ,on, in 的种种误用;1. on, in, at 表示时间 on“ 在详细某一天 ”“当某时 ”,动名词,arrival ,death 前;用 in 一般 “上 ” “下” “晚 ”;on 用于天, in 用于月、季、年;限定三时 in 要变; at 是个时间点,“工作 ” “时刻 ”与 “圣诞 ”;at noon ( night ), in the day ,习惯用语记心间;注: on 表示在详细某一天及详细某一天的上午、下午和晚上;例 On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother. 母亲节,我们应当送花给我们的母亲;On my arrival home ,I found he had gone already 当我到家时,我发觉他已经走了; 当 early , late 用于句首修饰介词短语时,尽管表示详细某一天的上午、下午、晚上,都要用 in,泛 指一般的上、下午,晚上也用 in ;例 Early in the morning of National Day , I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo 国庆节一 清早,我便起床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车;My father begins work at 8: 00 in the morning and stops work at 4: 00 in the afternoon 我 父亲上午 8 点上班,下午 4 点下班;于将来时态表示“过一段时间后 ” 及表示 “在 期间 ” 和“在某个季节,某年、某月” 都用 in;例 I hear hell be back in a month 我听说他将于一个月后回来;In the course of the last lesson in French , little Franz was listening to the master very attentiv ely 在那最终一堂法语课中,小弗朗兹特别专心地听着老师讲;