2022年高考英语知识点之时态.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语学问点之时态1. 一般现在时 表示客观事实或一般真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100 oC. 表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示常常或习惯性的动作,多用动 作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用；Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. 表示知觉、 态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、 feel、notice、agree、believe、like 、hate、want 、think 、belong seem 等；如：I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时；但要留意由 if 引导的条件状 语从句中可以用 shall 或 will 表“意愿 ”,但不表示时态；If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 假如你愿 意接受并参与我们的舞会,我的家人会特别兴奋；少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive 、fly 、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、方案或支配要发生的动作；当 be 表示依据时间或事先支配,确定会显现的状态,只用一般现在时；The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. 2. 一般过去时一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、 动作或状态常与表示过去详细的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境示意）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原先没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式；如：I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.假如从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式；如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时； 如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute ；The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. 常用一般过去时的句型：Why didn t you / I think of that.I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I didncognize him. 3. 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态常用 tomorrow 、next week 等）；表示一种趋向或习惯动作；will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如 来时；come、go、start、begin 、leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将be going to 与 will / shall, be to do, be about to do 用法及区分：be going to 表示现在准备在最近或将来要做某事,这种准备往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种预备；shall / will do 表示未事先考虑过,即说话时暂时作出的打算；be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而 If it is fine, well go fishing. If it is fine, we are going to go fishing. 错误 will 就能,表意愿；如：be to do sth.表按方案、支配即将发生的动作,仍可表示嘱咐、命令、禁止,可能性等；A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do sth.表示 “ 即可,就要 ”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句；Autumn harvest is about to start. 4. 现在进行时 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不肯定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的支配或方案；go、come 等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时；如：It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six I am bathing the baby.I start bathing the bady before six. The girl is always talking loud in public. 行动或某种感情颜色 与 always、often 等频度副词连用, 表常常反复的下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时；（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need ；（B）表存在的状态的动词： appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on ；（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete ；（D）表示感官的动词： see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look；5. 过去完成时常用过去完成时的几种情形：（A ）在 by、by the end、by the time 、until 、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作；如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. B 表示曾实现的期望、打算、意图、诺言等；常用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done；（C）“时间名词 + before 在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式；如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示 “ 一 就” 的几个句型： Hardly 名师归纳总结 / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词+ when / than / before + 一般过去时；如：We 第 2 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时；After he hadleft the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed. 6. 过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：用would do 、was / were going to do sth. 表过去将来； come、go、leave 等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和 was / were about to do sth.表过去将来；7. 过去进行时过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生；某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由 句中；8. 现在完成时when 或 while 引导的时间状语从现在完成时除可以和 for 、since 引导的状语连用外,仍可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the lastpastfew years months, weeks 、in recent years 等；以下句型中常用现在完成时It is has been + 一段时间 + since 从句ThisThat / Itis the first second time that + 完成时ThisThat / Itis the only + that + Thisthat / Itis the best / finest / most interesting 从句 + 完成时 + that 在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时；如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.9. 时态区分 一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异： 凡有过去时间的均用过去时态,不能用完 成时态,如含有 ago、last year、just now 、 the other day 等；结果上有差异： 现在完成时强调的是对“现在 ”的影响和结果, 动作到现在刚完成或仍在连续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去 ”,和现在毫无关系；过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去 ”；如显现同一主语连续几个动作（ “ 连谓 ”）形式就只用一般过去时即可；2、被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词, 口语只也有用 get / become + 过去分词表示； 被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承担者常用被动语态（by 短语有时可以省略）；（1）使用被动语态时应留意的几个问题；主动变化被动时双宾语的变化；看以下例句；My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to meby my friendon my birthday. I was given an interesting book by my friendon my birthday. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 主动变被动时,宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加 to；The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day longby the boss 短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴 ”；The children were taken good care of by her. Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 情态动词和 be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better 等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为 be +过去分词；当句子的谓语为 say、believe、expect、think 、know、 write 、consider、report 等时,被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补；（B）用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示；如：People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 类似句型有： It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被动语态的几种情形；全部的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中；表示状态的谓语动词,如：look like 、consist to 等；last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit 、join 、mean、last、表示归属的动词,如 have、 own、belong to 等；表示 “ 期望、意图 ” 的动词,如：wish、want、hope、like 、love、hate 等；宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态；宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态；有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特殊是当主语是物时,常见的动词有 sell、write 、wash、open、lock 等；（3）主动形式表被动意义；当 feel、look 、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当 cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开头、终止、关、停、转、启动” 等意义时；This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布易洗；These novels wont sell well. 这些小说不畅销；My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写起来很流畅；The door wont lock. 门锁不上；The fish smells good. 鱼闻起来香；当 break out、take place、shut off 、turn off 、work out 等动词表示 “发生、关闭、制定”等意思时；The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. want, require, need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义；be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义；名师归纳总结 在 “ be + 形容词+ to do ”中,不定式的规律宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动；第 4 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - This kin d of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外： be to blame受声讨 ,be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动；（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情形；be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上；be hidden 隐藏He was hidden behind the door.He hid himself behind the door. 他藏在门后；be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. （5）被动语态与系表结构的区分 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态；如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore. 被动语态 The book is well sold. 系表结构 二、精典名题导解挑选填空1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.NMET 2001 A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request 解析：答案为 B；此题的时态是不难判定的,由于说的是一条规定,所以用一般现在时,而 visitor 与 request 之间是动宾关系, 即 request visitors not to touch the exhibits, 到底是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清晰,也不必知道,因此需要用被动语态；分析 关系是此题的解题关键；visitors 与 request之间的2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.NMET 2001 A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change 解析：答案为 A；此题考查现在进行时态的用法；句意为“ 挑选一部移动电话不是一件简单的事, 由于科技进展得特别快速；”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情形,而“ 科 技进展快速 ” 也是现阶段正存在的一种状态,不是在过去,也不是在将来,因此只能用现在 进行时表达；考）3. All the preparations for the task _, and we（2000 年春季高 re ready to start.A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed 解析：答案为 D；现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响；从 and were ready to start句意可知,一切预备工作已经就绪,可以开头工作了；complete 是及物动词,与句子的主语是被动关系,所以需要用被动语态表达；留意分清 语境挑选正确时态；complete 与主语之间的关系；结合名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. 动词的时态与语态习题1We could have walked to the station It was so nearYesA taxi at all necessaryA wasnt Bhadn t been Cwouldn t be Dwont be2When I got to the cinema ,the film for the minutes A has begun Bhad begun Chad been on Dwas on 3If city noises from increasing,people shout to be heard even at the dinner tableA are not kept；will have to Cdo not keep；will have to Bare not kept；have to Ddo not keep；have to 4In some parts of the world ,tea with milk and sugar. A is serving Bis severed C serves Dserved 5Do you like the material. Yes,it vety soft A is feeling Bfelt Cfeels Dis felt 6I don t really work hereI until the new secretary arrives A just help out Bhave just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out 7 You haven t been to Beijing,have you. How I wish to go there. A YesI have BYes,I havent CNoI have DNo,I havent8It is reported that by the end of this year ,another school will A be built Bhave built Chave been built Dhave be built 9Hey,look where you are going. 0h, I m terribly sorryt noticed DI don t noticeA I m not noticing B1 wasn t noticing CI haven 10 How are you today. Oh,I as ill as I do now for a long time Adidn t feel Bwasnt feeling Cdont fee D haven t feltl1Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon to his old ways Areturned B returns Cwas returning D had returned 12 All the preparations for the task ,and we re ready to startAcompleted B complete Chad been completed Dhave been completed 13 He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment Ahas no sooner got Bwas supposed to Cwill no sooner get Dhave no sooner got 14 The train arrive at 11：30 but it was an hour late Awould suppose B was supposed to Cis supposed to Dsupposed to 15 He stepped into the office ,down and began to fill in the forms Asitting Bto sit C sat Dhaving sat t ever 16 The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasngoing to find it Ahad cried；1ost Bcried；had lose Chas cried；has lost Dcries；has 1ost 17 Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town Ahas set up Bhas been set up Cwas set up D is set up 18 Linda has 1ost her passport againIt s the second time thisA has happened Bhas been happened Chappened Dhappens 19 Sorry,I forgot to post the letter for you. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Never mind ,it myself tonight A I m going to post BI d better to postCI ll post DI d rather post20 He his leg when he in a football match against another schoo1 Abroke；played Cbroke；was playing Bwas breaking； was playing Dwas breaking；played 21 Where the recorder. I Can t see it anywhereI it right here But now its goneAdid you put ；have put Bhave you put put Chad you put ；was putting Dwere you putting ；have put 22 Hello. I you in London How long have you been here. Adont know；were Bhadn t known；are Chave known ；are D didn t know；were 23 Come on,Peter I want to show you something Oh,how nice of you. I you to bring me a gift. Anever think ；are going Bnever thought ；were going Cdidn t think；were going D hadn t thought；were going 24 All the teachers in this schoo1 are Aclean dressing Bcleanly dressing Cclean dressed Dcleanly dressed 25 When I was at college I three foreign languages ,but I all except a few words of eachAspoke；had forgotten Chad spoken；had forgotten Bspoke；have forgotten Dhad spoken；have forgotten 26 Have you moved into the new house. Not yetThe rooms Care painted Dare being painting A are being painted B are painting 27 Excuse me,sirWould you do me a favor. of courseWhat is it. I if you could tell me how to fill out this formAhad wondered Bwas wondering Cwould wonder Ddid wonder 28 We haven t heard from Jane for a long time What do you suppose to her. Awas happening B to happen Chas happened Dhaving happened 29 I wonder why Jenny us recentlyWe should have heard from her by now Ahasn t written B doesn t write Cwont write Dhadn t written30 Mary a dress when she cut her fingerD makes Amake B is making C was making 31 Do you know our town at all. No,this is the first time I hereAwas Bhave been C came Dam coming 32 The last time I Jane she cotton in the fields Ahad seen；was picking B saw；picked Chad seen； picked Dsaw；was picking 33 Tom into the house when no one Aslipped；was looking Cslipped ；had looked B had slipped；looked D was slipped；looked 名师归纳总结 34 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon 第 7 页,共 8 页A1eaves Bwould leave C1eft Dhad left 35 The pen I I is on my desk ,right under my nose A think ； lost Bthought；had lost - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Cthink ；had lost Dthought；have 1ost 36 Can I join the club ,Dad. You can when you a bit older 26-30 ABCAC A get Bwill get Care getting D will have got 37 I m sorry to keep you waiting0h,not at a11I here only a few minutes A have been Bhad been Cwas Dwill be 38 You don t have to describe her Iher several timesAhad me