2022年高级英语修辞总结.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Lesson 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation of the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1 tinkling bells Para. 1 2 As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. Para. 5 3 the squeaking and rumbling Para. 9 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1 in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar Para. 7 2 It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, Para. 5 3. alliteration : is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1 thread their way among the throngs of people Para. 1 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. and so thick with the dust of centuries that Para. 8 a flood of glistening linseed oil Para. 9 5Contrast : e.g. 1 a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows Para. 5 2 which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. Para. 5 6. Personification : a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. 1 where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, Para. 7 2 It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of Para.5 Lesson 2 V: Figures of speech Metaphor: 暗喻 1. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. Para. 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 At last the intermezzo came to an end and Para. 5 Synecdoche: 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole a hand for sailor , the whole for a part as the lawfor police officer , the specific for the general as cutthroat for assassin , the general for the specific as thief for pickpocket , or the material for the thing from which it is made as steel for sword . 举隅法,提喻法：一种修辞方法,以局部代表整体（如用手 代表 水手 ）,以整体代表局部（如用 法律 代表 警官）,以特别代表一般 （如用 直柄剃刀 代表 杀人者）,以一般代表特别（如用 贼 代表 扒手）,或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用 钢 代表 剑 ）e.g. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. Para. 7 little old Japan : traditional Japanese houses Metonymy: 换喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington”for “the United States government”or of “the sword”for “military power ”. 换喻, 转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用“ 华盛顿”代替“ 美政府”或用“ 剑”代替 “ 军事力气”The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. Para. 7the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture Irony ：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法 e.g. Hiroshimathe “ liveliest ” City in Japan,以达到幽默和讽刺的成效；This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. P. 17 Climax: 层进法 A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity. 层进法：在不断增强的修辞力度或强度中使用的一系列陈述和方法Anti-climax: 渐降 Anti-climax, as used in the text, states ones thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong to weak, from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors, who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb, but who ironically heard “oysters” in the end. 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 渐降表述概念的方式是使意义剧烈的语言根据步步降低的语气次序排列,语势由强而弱, 语气由重到轻,有此达到取笑、讽刺或是喜剧的成效；e.g. “seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for itsoysters.”p.15 Lesson 4 Everyday Usefor your grandmama Hyperbole1 And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. Para. 18 simile 1 the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. Para. 152 “ Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“ can I have these old quilts.” Para. 56 3 Maggie s hand is as limp as a fish, Para. 23 Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler s Invasion of the U.S.S.R. 1. Rhetorical question 反问句Interrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way. E.g. but can you doubt what our policy will be. Para. 10 2. parallel structure and repetition 排比和重复1 We will never parley We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gangPara. 10 2 we shall fight him by land we shall fight him by sea we shall fight him in the air. Para. 10 3 I see the Russian soldiers standing I see them guardingI see the ten thousand villagesI see advancing upon Para. 8 3. Repetition The repeated use of the same synonymous words, to add force, clearness or balance to a sentence We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. Para. 10 We will never parley, we will never negotiate Para. 10 as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end . Para. 10 We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources. Prar. 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 11 He has so longthrived and prospered. Para. 12 4. simile I see also the dull German soldiers crawling locusts.p79-80 5. metaphor 1 I suppose they will be rounded up inhordes. Para. 1 2 delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey the Russian soldiers. Para. 8 3 and launch this cataract of horrors among mankind. Para. 9 4 we have rid the earth of his shadow influence and liberated its peoples from his yokecontrol. Para. 10 6. alliteration 1 I also see the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.Para. 8 2 Hearth and home Para. 13 3 Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Para. 13 7. Personification I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping , delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. Para. 8 8. hyperbole If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. Hitler is much eviler than the devil. Para. 5 9. antithesis Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe. Para. 10 Lesson 6 Blackmail Metaphor His wife shot him a swift, warning glance. Para. 8 The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind. Para. 75 Eyes riveted on his face, Para. 97 Her voice was a whiplash . Eyes bored into him. Para. 99 Unit 9 Mark Twain V. Rhetorical devices Mirror of America 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. Simile : e.g. 1 All would resurface in his books, language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic . Para. 4 2. Metaphor e.g. 1 Mark Twain - Mirror of America 2saw clearly ahead a black wall of night . Para. 1 3main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart Para. 3 4 The cast of characters set beore him in his new professon was rich and varied a cosmos. Para. 45Steamboat decks teemed.main current of.but its flotsam Para. 56.the epidemic of gold and silver fever . Para. 77Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new 3. Alliteration:writing muscles . Para.9 e.g. It was a splendid population for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. Para.9 It was that population and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences” Para. 9 4. Antithesis : e.g. 1 of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. Para. 5 2 a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever . 5. euphemism e.g. 1 he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man s final release from earthly struggles 6. metonymy e.g. but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax . 7. Irony He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页