2022年高考英语语法精品教案:专题冠词.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 冠词不仅是高考单项填空题中常考的工程,而且在书面表达题中,同学更简单发生语感性和过失性错误,影响了文章的整体水平;冠 词虽然只有三个 a,an 和 the ,但所使用的场合却纷繁复杂,同学 记忆起来经常没有头绪;下面来明白冠词的复习要点;一、冠词的基本用法与习惯用法关于冠词的基本用法和习惯用法,我们要记住这个口诀:名 词冠词不分家,泛指特指惯用法;名词冠词不分家:冠词是虚词,不能单独使用,必需依附于名 词才有存在的意义;而名词的可数与不行数,单数与复数等特点反 过来也会影响冠词的使用;泛指特指惯用法:泛指即不明确详细所指,是不定冠词 a an>和零 冠词 即不使用冠词 >的基本用法;而特指是指说话者和听话者都明确无误地知道所指,是定冠词the的基本用法;我们把那些没有规律的习惯搭配称为惯用法,它们需要单独记忆;1冠词的基本用法1 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名单数可数名词复数可数名词不行数名词词冠词泛 指 a/an/A horse is a Horses are Money is not useful animal. useful everything. 零冠词 > animals. 特指 the> The horse was The horses I bought him tired after a were tired a present long journey. after a long with the journey. money I had saved. 留意: the与可数名词单数搭配有时可泛指,表类属;如:The horse is a useful animal.在我们说话时,先明确我们要泛指仍是特指我们所要谈的人或物,然后相应的挑选合适的冠词;其他的基本都可归为惯用法,需要懂得后记忆即可;假如把握了这一规律,把复杂的问题简单化后,你会发觉许多问题都可以迎刃而解;如:用在序数词,形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same 等前面的 the 其实就是 the的基本用法,即特指;请体会:That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西;如:1> 2022·四川卷 In _ most countries,a university degree can give you _ flying start in life. 2 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Athe ;a Bthe ;/ C / ;/ D / ;a 【解读】 D 考查冠词词义辨析;第一空是泛指大多数国家,省略冠词;其次空也是泛指,start 在这里作可数名词,意为“起始优势;良好的基础条件 ”;a start in life 为习惯搭配,意为 “有利于人生胜利的优势 ”;句意:在大多数国家,一张高校文凭能为你快速进展奠定良好的基础;2> I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over keyboard. You shouldn't put drinks near _ computer. Athe ;/ B the ;a Ca;/ D a;a 【解读】B 考查冠词特指和泛指的用法;keyboard 是对话双方都已知的事物,所以其前用 the ;而 computer 表示泛指,其前用 a/the 都可以;3> Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A/ ;the B the ;/ C an;the D the ;a 【解读】 A air pollution 是抽象名词,这里是泛指,不用冠词;weather 在这里特指全球的气候,因此用 the ;2冠词的习惯用法许多情形下,是否要加冠词,经常是一个习惯用法问题,特殊是在一些固定的词组中,有时是说不出道理的;如:in town in the city 在城里3 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - have a cold catch a> cold 感冒了at a distance 在肯定距离外in the distance 在远处in danger of 有 的危急in the habit of 有 的习惯1> 2022·辽宁卷 There are over 58000 rocky objects in _space,about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth. Athe ;the B / ;the C the ;/ D a;the 【解读】B 考查冠词;第一空 in space 是固定短语,不用冠词;其次空名词 earth 属于独一无二事物的名词,其前必需用定冠词;句意为:太空中有超过 58000 个岩状物体,其中大约 900个有可能掉到地球上;专题一 正面解读2> Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places. Athe ;the B / ;/ C the ;/ D / ;the 【解读】C第一空是固定搭配中冠词的使用:in the habit of ;其次空考查冠词的基本用法,冠词;二、抽象名词和物质名词详细化“在公共场所 ”是泛指,故不使用1不行数名词的详细化,包括抽象名词的详细化和物质名词的具体化; 所谓抽象名词的详细化,是指冠词用在抽象名词之前,表示4 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - “一种 ”、“一类 ”或“一个详细情形 ”等概念,使原来抽象的名词详细化,具有了 “一”的含义;The house is full of joy. The little girl is a joy to her parents. Failure is the mother of success. 令人兴奋的人或物 >He is a success as an actor. 一个胜利的人或物 > He gave me a lot of pleasure. It is a pleasure to work with you. She looked up in surprise. What a great surprise you gave me. Knowledge is power. 一件令人开心的事情 > 一件令人惊奇的事情 > He has a wide knowledge of animals. 一门 的学问 > He received little education. He received a good education. 一种 的训练 > 某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而变成详细化的名词;I like coffee. Would you like a coffee? 一杯咖啡 > I have just had lunch. I have just had a big lunch. 一顿丰富的午餐>2. 有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词;by bus/ by train/ by plane at school/ college/ university/ table/ work/ sea in class/ town/ church/ prison/ hospital/ bed 5 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 并不是去看病,而是有其他目的> 如:Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A/ ;the B the ;/ C a;/ D / ;a 【解读】C 第一空是指某一个星期天,Sunday 在这里已变成一个一般的名词,所以要加 a;其次空 at church 是指“在教堂做礼拜”,属于详细名词抽象化;三、冠词的某些需留意的用法1不定冠词 a/an people of a kind fall 1> 表示“同一”,相当于 the same ;如:Birds of a feather flock together; into the same group. 物以类聚,人以群分;2> 表示“每”,相当于 per ;如:three times a day 一天三次3> 表示“某一个 ”,相当于 a certain 或 some;如:Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. 对不起,打错了;这里没有史密斯先生; 4> 用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前;如:We all hope to have a peaceful and friendly world. 6 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 我们都期望拥有一个和平友好的世界;5> amost 表示 “特别,很 ”;如:This is a most interesting story. 这是一个特别好玩的故事;6> a序数词,表示 “又一,再一 ”;如:He had decided to give it up, but on second thoughts he decided to try a third time. 他已经打算舍弃,但是转念一想,打算再试一次;2定冠词 the phone ,car >;如:1> 用于创造物的单数名词前Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔于 1876 年创造了电话;2> 用于姓氏复数词前指一家人或夫妇二人等;如:The Wangs will come to Beijing tomorrow. 王先生一家明天来北京;3> 用于表达弹奏西洋乐器时的乐器名称前;如:She plays the violin but gives up lessons on the piano. 她拉小提琴而舍弃了钢琴课程;4> 用于方位名词前;如:“of the on the right/left;in the east/south 5> 用于比较级词前,比较级句式中常附有表示范畴的two ”结构;如:7 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Of the two boys, he is the cleverer. 两个男孩中,他是比较聪慧的那一个;要留意冠词的使用误区,即:到不肯定就是特指;第一次说到不肯定是泛指,其次次提1Have you seen _ pen. I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one. I think I saw it somewhere. Aa;the B the ;the C the ;a Da;a 【解读】 D 从语境看,两人之间有信息差,其次个人并不知道第一个人说的是哪只钢笔,即虽然似乎是其次次提到,却并不是特指,故其次空仍用 a 表泛指;2Have you heard _ news?The price of _ petrol is going up again.Athe; the B/; the C the ;/ D /; / 【解读】C句意为:你有没有听到这个消息:石油的价格又要上涨了; news 虽是第一次提到,但从语境看,说话者接着说明白消息的详细内容;因此此处的消息是特指,而非泛指某一消息;1A person who has _ final say in an international company is usually _ influential one. Aa; the B the; an C the; the Da; an 8 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解读】Bsay 发言权 >后有介词短语修饰,表特指,所以要用定冠词,其次空表泛指,且influential以元音音素开头,故用an;22022·辽宁卷 This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May. A/; a B a; the C the; the Dthe; a 【解读】C 考查定冠词的基本用法;第一空指最大的降水量,形容词的最高级前用 the ,选 C;the ;其次空指五月这个月,表特指用32022·重庆卷 Washing machines made by China have won _ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name. Aa; the B /; a C /; the Dthe; a 【解读】B attention 为不行数名词,并且表示泛指,所以不用冠词;其次空是指 指,用 a;“海尔 ”变成了一个很受欢迎的名字,表示泛4Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A/ ;a B/ ;the C the; the Dthe; a 【解读】 D 考查冠词的用法;句意为:同学们应当被勉励把网络作为一种资源来利用;Internet 因特网 ” ,是独一无二的事物,习惯上与定冠词 the 连用; resource 作“ 教学>资源,方法 ”解是可数名词,其前加 a 表示泛指;9 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush- hour traffic and_ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. Aa; a B the; the C /; / D /; a rush-hour 【解读】B 考查定冠词的用法;依据语境可知,traffic 和 heavy rain 是双方都知道的造成迟到的缘由,应用定冠 词修饰;62022 福建卷 It's _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure. A/; a B a; / C the; a D a; the 【解读】 B 句意为:去上海观赏世博会带给人们欢快,这是一种特别好的感觉; feeling感觉”,可数名词, “一种感觉 ”含有“一”的概念,用不定冠词a;pleasure欢快,欢快 ”,不行数名词,故用零冠词;7“This victory alone is not _ change we seek it is only _ chance for us to make that change.” said Obama in his speech. Aa; a B a; the C the; the Dthe; a 【解读】 C 依据句意可知,名词 change 被限制性定语从句we seek 修饰限定,故用定冠词the 表特指; chance 被 only 修饰限定,表特指 “唯独的一个 ”,用定冠词 the ;选 C;82022·四川卷 In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. 10 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Athe; a B a; a Cthe; the Da; the 【解读】 B考查冠词的用法;句意为:为了找到一份更好的工作,他打算再学习另外一门外语;第一空表示泛指;其次空用“ a序数词名词 ”表示“又一,再一 ”;92022 北京卷 First impressions are the most lasting. After all , you never get impression. _ second chance to make _ first Aa;the B the ;the C a;a D the ;a 【解读】C此题考查冠词;第一空表示“再一次,又一次 ”,序数词在此不表示次序,其前用不定冠词a/an ;其次空表示 “一次第一印象 ”,表示泛指,用不定冠词 a;102022·陕西卷 What _ pity that you couldn't be there to receive _ prize.Aa; a B the; a C a; the D the; the 【解读】C 考查冠词的用法;第一空所填冠词构成固定句型what a pity that,用不定冠词 a;其次空后的名词表特指,用定冠词 the ,选 C;112022·江苏卷 The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu. A/; a B /; the C the; a D the; the 【解读】 Apeople from all walks of life 是固定短语,表11 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 示“各行各业的人们”,表泛指,故用零冠词;Jiangsu被 new 修饰,且表示 “一”的概念,故用不定冠词 a;12 As _ beautiful movie about pain ,struggle , hope and love , Slumdog Millionaire swept the ceremony with eight awards ,including _ prize for the best picture. Aa; the B a; a Cthe; a D the; the 【解读】A 考查冠词的用法;第一空处意为“Slumdog Millionaire 贫民窟里的百万富翁>是一部关于痛楚、挣扎、希望和爱的电影 ”,所以用不定冠词表泛指;prize 后有 for the best picture ,所以其次空要用定冠词the ,意思是 “正确影片奖 ”;_ 13 _ walk is expected to last all day, so bring packed lunch.AA; a B The; / C The; a D A;/ 【解读】C此题考查冠词的基本用法;the walk 是指说话者双方都知道的一次行走,所以是特指;后面是提示要带一份盒 饭,所以用不定冠词 a;14My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I don't think I've got _ energy. Aa; / B the; the C /; the D a; the 【解读】 D 句意为:我的邻居请我出去漫步,但我认为我没有那份精力;第一空为固定词组,指漫步的那份精力,选 D;go for a walk 去漫步,其次空特12 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 15 Of all the subjects ,I like _ history best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past. Athe ;a B/ ;a Ca;the D a;/ 【解读】B表示课程的名词前不加冠词,故第一空不填冠词;其次空表示 “ 有用的学问 ”,knowledge为抽象名词详细化,其前需要加冠词, useful 的发音为 .sful ,故用不定冠词 a;1 2022·海 淀 区 第 一 学 期 期 中 练 习 >Jack had _feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in _school magazine.Athe ;a Ba;the C/ ;the Dthe ;/ 解读:考查冠词的用法; have a feeling of 为固定用法,意思是:有一种 的感觉;其次空表特指;句意为:听到自己的文章已经在校刊上发表, Jack 有一种兴奋的感觉;答案:B 2 2022·杭 州 市 教 学 质 量 检 测 >I got _bad toothache yesterday,which kept me awake _whole night.Aa;the B/ ;a 13 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Cthe ;a Da;/ 解读:考查冠词; get a toothache 牙疼,是固定用法,而整个晚上 whole night> 是特指昨天晚上,因此应当使用定冠词;我昨天晚上牙疼得厉害,整晚没睡;答案:A 3 2022·苏锡常镇四市教学调查 >China is _vast country which is home to_amazing variety of landscapes ,plants and animals.Athe ;the Ba;the Cthe ;an Da;an 解读:考查冠词的用法;第一空表示“中国是一个 样的国家 ” ,是 泛指的 概念 ,因此 填不定冠 词;第 二空是固 定短 语 a variety of,只是在 variety 前面加上了形容词 amazing 修饰它;答案:D 4 2022·东 北 三 省 四 市 联 考 >Anyone in mind for this position ?What about Jack.He may be a good friend,but business is business.He is not_man for _job.Aa;a Bthe ;the Ca;the Dthe ;a 14 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 解读:考查冠词的用法;第一空是泛指的概念,因此用不定冠词;其次空是特指这份工作,用定冠词;答案:C >We all hold_belief that 5 2022·湖南师大附中those who have _wonderful sense of humor are more popular.Athe ;a B/ ;/ Cthe ;/ Da;the 解读:句意为:我们都认为那些有剧烈幽默感的人更受欢迎; belief 后是同位语从句,第一空用 the 表特指;其次空 a sense of homor 幽默感 >为常用搭配;答案:A 62022 青岛市模拟 >_World Expo is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy,science and technology,_expert said.AA;an BThe ;an CThe ;a DA;the 解读:第一空特指 “世博会 ”,故用定冠词 the ;其次空泛指“一个专家 ”,expert 又是以元音音素开头,故用 an;答案:B 15 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7 2022·山东青岛一模>I was told that_1015 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach _Fudan University.Athe ;/ Bthe ;a Ca;the D/ ;the 解读:句意为:我被告知 1015 的航班将把我们送达上海,以便准时到达复旦高校;依据句意可知第一空表特指,故用定冠词;其次空后 Fudan University 是以纯专出名词 Fudan 开头的,要用零冠词;Fudan University 仍可表达为“ the university of Fudan”;答案:A 8 2022·河 南 郑 州 测 试 >The students were studying in _classroom when , all of _sudden, the lights went out.A/ ;/ Ba;the Cthe ;a Dthe ;/ 解读:句意为:那些同学正在教室学习,这时突然灯灭了;依据题干中的 the students 可知同学是特指的,由此可推知教室也应是特指的,故第一空用定冠词;all of a sudden 为固定习语,相当于 suddenly ;由此可见答案为 C 项;16 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 答案:C 9 2022·江 西 重 点 中 学 二 模 >My mother asked me to repeat_phone number _second time so that she could write it down.Athe ;a Ba;the Can;a Dthe ;the 解读:句意为:我母亲让我再次重复那个电话号码以便她能登记;依据句意可知,第一空后的phone number 表特指,故用定冠词; “ a序数词名词 ”表示 “又一,再一 ”之意,而 “the序数词名词 ”表示次序;综上所述,此题答案为 A 项;答案:A 10 2022·潍 坊 市 质 量 监 测 >Jack wanted to be_university student, but in_entrance examination he missed by a mile.Aa;an Ban;the s Cthe ;an Da;the 解读:考查冠词; a university student 一名高校生,表泛指;the entrance examination 特指入学考试;答案:D 11 2022·济南期中考试>Stay a bit longer ,please.It17 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - been such_fun having you here.Thank you,but I ve got_early start tomorrow morning.A/ ;the Ba;an C/ ;an Dthe ;an 解读:考查冠词;此题中 fun 为不行数名词,前面不用冠词;an early start早起;句意为: 再呆一会儿吧,有你在这里太好玩了; 感谢,但明天早上我仍要早起呢;答案:C ·江西永修一中月考>How many people are still 12 2022leading_life under_poverty line in the world.Perhaps one fourth,according to the report. Athe ;/ Ba;the a;其次Ca;a D/ ;the 解读:lead a life为固定结构,故第一空填不定冠词空用 the 表示特指;答案:B ·桂 林 中 学 月 考 >His failure at_first his 13 2022attempt didndisappoint him.Instead, he gathered courage and tried_second time. 18 / 20 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Athe ;the Bthe ;a