2022年高考英语语法精品教案：专题代词.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 代词可以使语句简洁、干脆利落,因此也是高考的一个重要考点；代词多显现在单项填空和阅读懂得中；从近几年的高考题来看,代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it 的用法上；命题点： 1>不同代词的语义功能和语法功能；2>不同代词之间的意义区分；一、代词的基本用法类别 词义：例句备注人称主格Who is there？ 作表语习惯用宾格,在电代词I/we/you/he It's me. ：/she/it/they Does any of 话用语中常用宾格you know where 宾格； 当人me/us/you Tom lives ？Me. 称代词孤立地/him/her it/them 用于不带谓语的句子时,一般使用宾格；类 词义例句备注1 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 别物形容词性物主代词：This book 形 容 词主my/our/her/his /their ：is hers 性 物 主名词性物主代词her book>. 代 词 作代词mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs a friend of 定 语 ；mine 名 词 性 物 主 代 词 作 主 语 、 宾 语 、 表 语类别词义例句备注反身一般用来作主语I'm not myself today. 代词和 宾 语 的 同 位help oneself to sth.> ,语,表示强调；enjoy oneself,make 也可用作动词或oneself understood ,by 介词的宾语；有 时也可作表语；oneself ,for oneself 2 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 类别 词义例句备注指示this, these He got up late. 是近指； that ,That's why he was 代词those 是远指late. I can't jump that this可指代下high. 文 要 讲 的 事 ；that 可 指 代 上文提到过的事this, that 有时仍可用作副词表示程度,相当于 so 类别 词义 例句 备注相互 each other 用于 How are you getting 在 现 代 英 语 中代词 两 者 或 两 者 以 on with each 它们可通用other ？上；one another 用于三者或三者以上3 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不定all/both；either/neither；none/no one；代词another/the other ； some/any ； one/someone ；anybody ；everything ；nothing 二、代词辨析1some 与 any 1> some 一般用于确定句中,但在表示恳求并期望对方能赐予肯定回答时,可用于疑问句中；any 一般用于否定、疑问句或条件句中,但当any 强调 “ 任何一 ”时,用于确定句中；something ,somebody , someone 的 用 法 同 some ； anything , anybody ,anyone 的用法同 any；如：Would you like to give me some if you have any. Yes, I'd love to. You can come and get them any day you like. 2> some “某一 ”,修饰可数名词单数,暗含不知道,不便说明 等；如：There must be some job you can do. 2none, nobody, no one 与 nothing none 既可指人又可指物,表示特指概念,其后可跟 of 所引导的一个范畴,常回答how many 和 how much 引导的疑问句； no one 和 nobody 只能指人,表示泛指概念,常回答 who 引导的疑问句,且不行与 of 短语搭配, nothing 只能指物,表示泛指概念,常回答 what 引导的疑问句；如：4 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Who is in the reading room？ No one/ Nobody. How much petrol is left？ None. What's in your hand？ Nothing. 3another 与 other another 指三者或三者以上当中的另一个；the other 指两者当中的另一个,也可接名词复数,特指其他某些人或物；other 意思是 “其他的 ”,不能单独使用,后面必需接名词,表泛指；others可指其他的人或东西,相当于 other 名词复数； the others 特指其他某些人或物,相当于 the other名词复数；4. 两者或三者 或以上 > 例句bothall, any或They were all very tired ,either every but none of them would stop for a break. Do you want tea or coffee ？Either. I really don't mind. When can I come for the book ？Any day you like next week. 两者 三 者 或 以例句5 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 上> 部分Not Not all “ Everything is not right ” ”否定both All not doesnt equal “Nothing is right全部Both Not everyNot all of them like English. not Just some do. every not NeitherNoneWhich of the two films would 否定not Not any/a you like to see？either no I'm interested in neither. Not one of them were hurt. None of them were hurt. 5.one/that/those/it 代词功能例句of one one：单数, ones ：复A bridge built 数,泛指前面提及的stones is stronger than 人或物； one 之前有形 容词修饰时可以与不one built of wood. I don't like this green apple. Please give me a 定冠词、定冠词、基red one/the red one on 数词、物主代词或名the table. 词全部格连用；The girls in our class 6 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - That/those that 、those 后置定are more active than 语,特指替代同类中those in your class. it 的人或物 that一般不The population of China is larger than that 指人>；of America. 不 可 数 名 词 只 能 用Our rules are quite that different from those of 代替前文显现的同一other organizations. 事物,即指同类同物三、it 的几大考点1it 用作形式主语的用法I left my pen on the desk. But now it is gone. 当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为防止头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it ,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾；it用作形式主语的三类特别句式：1> 用作动词 look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow 等的主 语后接 that 从句或 as if 从句>；如：It so> happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱；2> 当系表结构后接有if 或 when 引导的状语从句时,通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情形的看法；如：It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他那样做使我很惊讶；7 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3> 用于 if it were not for / if it hadn't been for 如不是因 为>结构中；如：If it hadn't been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 准时赶到伤员身边了；2it 用作形式宾语的用法要不是有刺骨的寒风,他们就能当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,常在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末；it 用作形式宾语的两类特别句式：1> 动词 it if / when 从句；当 enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate 等动词后需要接一个 if 或 when 引导的从句时,此时需要先在动词后接 it作形式宾语；如：I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 假如你能帮忙我做这事,我会非常感谢；2> 动词介词 it that从句；能用于此句型的主要动词短语有 on, answer for, see to 等；如：depend on, rely on, count I'll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve. 我将留意让全部的信件在12 点以前送到邮局；3it 在强调句中的用法；如：8 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It was lack of money, not of efforts, that defeated their plan. 他们的方案受挫,缘由是缺少钱而不是没有尽力；Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982. 谁赢得了 1982 年的世界杯？4it 在习语中的用法；包括 it 的习语许多,如：make it 胜利,到达 take it easy 别焦急,放心好了 believe it or not 信不信由你 forget it 没关系；别在意；算了吧 >；做 That's it. 口语 >完了；没有了 表示某个情形已经终止 得对；when it comes to sth. 说到,涉及 5与 it 有关的几个时间状语从句；It is/has been 一段时间 since- 从句 It's ages since we last met. 自从我们上次见面到现在有许多年了；It was/will 时或一般现在时 > be 一段时间 before- 从句 从句用一般过去It was not long before he left Nanjing. It was时间点 when- 从句从句谓语用一般过去时 > It was eight o'clock when we arrived. 9 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 我们到达时是八点；1The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. Ait B those C one Dthat 【误】只留意 information 是不行数名词而挑选 A ；误把information 看作是复数概念而挑选 B；把 information 懂得为是单数可数名词而误选 C；【正】 D 句意为：因特网信息比报纸信息传播更快速；it 指代前面提到的事物,代替可数名词单数；that 代替“the 可数名词 单 数 或 不 可 数 名 词 ” , 表 示 特 指 ； 此 处 that 等 于 “the information,特指报纸上的信息；2To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework. Aus Bwe Cour D ours 【误】认为 students 是名词,应当用形容词修饰,而误选C；对词性把握不够而误选 B、D；【正】A 依据 our teacher 可知说话人是同学,us 与students 是同位语； has 是动词,后需要跟宾语,选 A；3The protection of our environment is not _ to be left to the environment. Everyone should be concerned. 10 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Anothing B anything C something D everything 【误】 受 not 的影响,简单误选anything ,但 anything与not 连用多用来表示没有东西,与所给语境不符；【正】 Csomething在此处表示 “某事、某物 ”,即环境爱护的事情不能留给环境本身；4【误】 I like if you help me do the work. 【正】 I like it if you help me do the work. 5【解读】 like, hate, appreciate 后加 it 才能跟从句；你没有必要慌张；【误】 It is no need for you to panic. 【正】 It is not necessary for you to panic. 【正】 There is no need for you to panic. 【解读】 要留意区分it 作形式主语的句型和there be 引出的句型； it 作形式主语时可以很简单地找到它所代替的真正的主语,而 there be 句型里是没有这个替代关系的；1Do you want milk or coffee. _. I really don't mind. ANone B Neither C Either D All 【解读】C 此题考查代词 none, neither, either, all 的用法；依据问句知道是两者之间进行挑选,而且从答句中后一句的“我11 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 真的不介意 ”可知其次个人的意思是“两者中任何一个都可以”,所以用 either ；22022·陕西卷 Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn't answer _ of them. Aother B any C none D some 【解读】 B 考查代词辨析；所填词与 not 构成全部否定,四个选项中只有 any 与 not 构成 not any,等于 none,表示全部否定,选 B；3Will you see to _ that my birds are well looked after while I am away.Athem B yourself C it D me 【解读】C考查代词；所填词构成固定句型see to it that ,意为 “留意,务必,肯定要做到 ”；选 C；42022·福建卷 When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson ,could you please say _ for me.Aeverything B anything C something D nothing 【解读】C考查代词；句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时,能为我说说话吗？期望得到确定回答；something 用在问句中是表示建议或恳求,52022·重庆卷 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again. Aneither B either C each D all 12 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解读】 B考查代词词义辨析；这里用never either表示“两者都不 ”,相当于 and found neither of them again；6How do you find your new classmates. Most of them are kind, but _ is so good to me as Bruce. Anone Bno one Cevery one D some one 【解读】 A考查代词的用法；依据but 一词确定应当从 A、B 中 挑 选 ； 有 一 定 范 围 的 用 none , 相 当 于 none of my new classmates ；no one 不必有这种范畴；7Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave. Asomething B anything C everything Dnothing 【解读】C 考查不定代词的用法；懂得句意是关键；句意为 ： 在 你 们 离 开 前 , 确 保 你 们 已 有 了 护 照 、 票 等 一 切 东 西 ；everything全部,一切东西； something某种东西； anything任何东西； nothing 没有什么；82022·山东卷 Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. Ait B that C what D one 【解读】 D 句意为：帮忙他人是一种习惯,一种你可以从小 学习的习惯； one 在此指 a habit ；9Isn't it amazing how the human body heals _ after 13 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - an injury.Ahimself B him C itself Dit 【答案】 C 102022·安徽卷 You are a team star！Working with _is really your cup of tea. Aboth B either C others D the other 【解读】 C考查代词的用法； sb.'s cup of tea 合乎某人的口味,使某人感爱好的东西；others 表示泛指 “其他人 ”；112022·陕西卷 The cost of renting a house in central Xi'an is higher than _ in any other area of the city. Athat B this C it D one 【解读】A此题考查代词； that 被用来替代the cost of renting a house ；在英语中, that被用来替代同一类事物；12 2022 四川卷 On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. Ahim B his C me Dmine 【解读】C考查代词词义辨析；作介词宾语用人称代词的宾格；句意为：我的桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照片；13We should save some food for _ who arrives late. There's no need. _ is here. Aanyone; Everyone Canyone; Anyone Beveryone; Anyone Deveryone; Everyone 14 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解读】A考查代词辨析；句意为：“我们应当留着些吃的给来晚的人； ” “没有必要；大家都到齐了；”第一个空 anyone 任何人>是先行词,后面跟 who 引导的定语从句；其次个空的 everyone指“大家；每个人 ”,选 A；14I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _. Aeverything B anything C nothing D none 【解读】 A not everything 部分否定,不是全部的都；15 How can I help _ if people don't read the instructions.Athat B it C what D them 【解读】 B考查代词；句意为：假如人们不看说明,我有什么方法呢？此处 it 用于谈论某种情形；12022 吉林质量检测 >There is_like the taste of a glass of cold milk by westerners.it has been described as the perfect food Asomething Banything Cnothing Deverything 解读：此题考查代词；句意为：没有什么能比得上一杯凉牛奶的味道,牛奶被西方人称为完善食品；15 / 22 something 某事,某物；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - anything 任何东西,任何事物； nothing 没有什么； everything 每件事,全部事物；the 答案：C 22022海南五校联考 >Nine thousand guests took part in outdoor ceremony , _that impressed so many people at the White House.Athat Bthis Cit Done 解 读 ：考 查 代 词 ； one 指 代 前 面 提 到 的 the outdoor ceremony , one 及 其 后 的 定 语 从 句 与 前 面 的 the outdoor ceremony 是同位关系,其他代词没有这样的用法,故答案为 D；答案：D 3 2022·苏 锡 常 镇 四 市 教 学 调 查 >The man has made_a rule never to regret and never to complain.Ait Bthat Chimself Dthis 解读：考查代词的用法；it 是形式宾语,后面的不定式never to regret and never to complain 答案：A 作真正的宾语；4 2022·黑龙江检测 >He paid 30% of the price for the 16 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - house,and promised to pay_by the end of the month.Athose Bthe others Cthe rest Dthe other 解读：考查指代；从语意 “承诺剩下的在月底支付”可知, the rest 表示“剩下的 ”,常用来指代前面提到的名词,选 C项；答案：C 5 2022·湖南师大附中第三次月考 >My uncle promised to buy a nice gift for my birthday, _beyond my imagination.Awhich Bthat Csomething Dthe one 解读：something beyond my imagination 一件我意想不到的东西,作 a nice gift 的同位语；答案：C 6 2022·山东青岛一模 >Will you see to_that my birds are well looked after while I am away.Athem Byourself Cit Done 解读：句意为：在我离开期间你能不能负责照料好我的鸟？it 是形式宾语,代替后面的 that 从句, see to it that. 可看作固定17 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 搭配；答案：C ·陕 西 西 安 分 科 质 检 >May I ask for leave 7 2022tomorrow. No , you can t._applying for the scholarship must be present.ASomeone BAnyone COne DNo one 解读：anyone 表示“任何人 ”,即任何申请奖学金的人都必需到场；答案：B 82022 江苏南京第一次调研 >Which of these two books will you take. I ll take _,in case the journey is boring. Aeither Bboth Call Dneither 解读：依据 these two books 排除选项 C；再依据 in case the journey is boring 答案：B 判定说话者要把两本书都带上；92022陕西宝鸡质检 >Because they hadnt booked a room 18 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - in advance , there were_left when they arrived at the hotel.Anone Bno one Cnobody Dnothing 解读：句意为：由于他们没有预订房间,所以当他们到达旅馆时,没有剩余的房间了；none 指代前边显现的名词时,相当于no 加那个名词,此题中 none 相当于 no rooms ；B 项是单数,与谓语不一样；答案：A 102022 陕西宝鸡质检 >What do you think of the cars on the exhibition.Well ,great.But I don think much of _youve bought.Athat Bwhich Cone Dthe one 解读：句意为： 你认为展览会上的那些车怎么样？噢,很好；但我认为你买的那辆车不怎么样；受限制性定语从句you ve bought 的影响,空中的代词相当于the 加可数名词 car ,所以要用表特指的 the one ；答案：D 19 / 22 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 112022·安徽皖