高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题.docx

山东省滨州市2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编 阅读理解专题山东省滨州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThroughout history, countless people have made valuable contributions to astronomy. Here is a list of some of them.Nicolaus CopernicusPolish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus did just one thing. Most scholars, however, think it was the greatest thing ever done in astronomy. Copernicus formulated whats now called the heliocentric model-he moved Earth from the center of the universe and replaced it with the Sun. He didnt publish his theory until he was on his deathbed in 1543.Johannes KeplerIndeed, German astronomer Johannes Keplers laws, especially the first, which states that planets move in ellipses(not circles)set the stage for the law of universal gravitation. In addition to many years of hard orbital calculations, Kepler also observed a supernova(超新星), now called Keplers Nova, in 1604.Tycho BraheDanish astronomer Tycho Ottesen Brahe was historys greatest pre-telescopic observer. In fact, his careful observations of Mars enabled Kepler to develop his laws of planetary motion. Two of his famous observations were of the supernova that appeared in 1572(now called Tychos Nova)and the Great Comet of 1577.Galileo GalileiThe first lens Galileo made is where optical(光学的)astronomy began. For that reason, Italian astronomer Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de Galilei ranks No.1 on this list. Although he didnt invent the telescope, Galileo was the first to use it to study the sky: He observed sunspots, the phases of Venus, Saturns rings, and the four large moons of Jupiter.1. Whose research laid the foundation for the law of universal gravitation?A. Nicolaus Copernicus.B. Johannes Kepler.C. Tycho Brahe.D. Galileo Galilei.2. What made Galileo the number one on the list?A. His observation of Mars.B. His observation of a supernova.C. The heliocentric theory he proposed.D. The significance of the lens he made.3. Where can the text be found?A. In an advertisement.B. In a novel.C. In a magazine.D. In a biography.BNobody knows the value of a good doll better than Jandrisevits. “Dolls have a power we dont completely understand,” she said. Its a conclusion she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients adapt to their changing medical situations. Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. But for the kids missing a limb or who had lost their hair, there were none they could relate to.So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child was stuck in self-doubt and self-distrust, Jandrisevits, now 49, knew what might help the youth through this potentially challenging period. “Its hard to tell a kid, You are perfect the way you are, and to build self-esteem that way, but never offer them anything that looks like them,” she says.Jandrisevits went about changing that. She crafted a doll by handusing fabric, stitching, and markersthat resembled her friends child and sent it off. After the friend posted a photo online of the happy child and doll, another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll that looked like her baby, who was missing a leg.Word spread, and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks, facial deformities, tracheotomiesin short, a doll that looked like them. She quit her job and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me.Working out of her home in Milwaukee, from photos sent by parents or caregivers, it takes Jandrisevits roughly three days to craft only one doll. A GoFundMe page helps her offset costs and allows her to donate her services. She hasnt charged for a doll since she began her nonprofit.In all, shes made more than 400 dolls. The waiting list is long, but Jandriscvits is unbowed. As she explains on her GoFundMe page, “Every kid, regardless of gender, ethnicity, age, medical issue, or body type, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own”.4. What made Jandrisevits realize the value of dolls?A. The influence of dolls on her.B. Her working experience.C. The changing medical situations.D. Her relation to the unlucky kids.5. What does “that” refer to in paragraph 3?A. Childrens concern about their looks.B. The problems faced by the child of a friend.C. The challenging period the youth are going through.D. The fact that words alone fail to help build confidence.6. What can be inferred about Jandrisevits making dolls?A. It targets children with mental problems.B. It is time-consuming but meaningful.C It is thought poorly of by people.D. It brings in a good fortune.7. Which of the following best describes Jandrisevits?A. Creative and caring.B. Ambitious and devoted.C. Considerate and sensitive.D. Knowledgeable and generous.CBenny Kuriakose remembers when his father built the first house in his village in the southern Indian state of Kerala with n concrete roof. It was 1968, and the family was proud to use the material, which was becoming a “status symbol” among villagers.The Kuriakoses experience was an early taste of a phenomenon that, over the next few decades, spread across most of Indias big cities. Many Indian architects abandoned the local traditions that had been developed over thousands of years to cope with the weather extremes of different regions. The thatch (茅草) -roofed houses gave way to a boxy modern style, which resembled the western model.In the climate change era, that uniformity is looking like a mistake. The solid concrete absorbed heat throughout the day and released it inside at night, making the house sweltering. Large parts of India have been struck by a spring heatwave since April, with temperatures lasting close to 44C for weeks in some places, and topping 49 in Delhi this week, making it dangerous to go to work or school. Expanding energy demand for cooling has helped trigger daily blackouts (断电) in cities, and the running of air conditioner units is giving out hot air into streets, worsening the urban heat island effect. As such heatwaves become increasingly common and long-lasting, experts say Indias modern building stock will make it harder for Indians to adapt.Environmentalists are calling for a fundamental rethink of how India builds its cities. A growing number of sustainability-minded architects arc reviving local approaches. And in February the Indian government attempted to revise urban planning guidelines and investments to train planners to better design cities. Progress is slow, though, says Aromar Revi, director of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS). “We need to essentially affect the entire fabric (构造) of our cities, from planning to land use, to building, to transportation systems,” he says. “We are only at the start of that conversation.”8. What does the passage tell us about buildings with concrete in India?A. They were replaced by traditional thatch-roofed house.B. They spread quickly to the western countries.C. They appeared as a response to the local weather.D. They were designed better than western models.9. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. The drawbacks of the concrete buildings.B. The changeable temperature of Indian cities.C. Indians increasing demand for cooling.D. The characteristics of the concrete buildings.10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. City building relies on famous architects.B. Local approaches are the best to build a city.C. Much progress in city planning has been made.D. People begin to reflect on the way they build their cities.11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. Failure results from blind confidence.B. East or west, home is best.C. What is suitable is the best.D. All good things come to an end.DThe e-commerce boom has fueled demand for warehouses (仓库). And the increasing demand is mostly linked to online shopping, because Internet shoppers are always expected to provide a wider variety of goods. Vacancy rates (空仓率) have therefore decreased greatly, from 10% across America and Europe a decade ago to just 5% now. In some places, like Toronto and Tokyo, they are below 2%.The value of existing assets of warehouses is ballooning as a result. This in turn is attracting more investment. However, peoples enthusiasm for building new warehouses is now starting to run up against obstacles. The first is lack of space, especially in densely populated cities. The problem has grown so acute in parts of Germany that delivery lorries operate from sites across the border in Poland and France. High costs, restrictive zoning rules and current rents make it difficult to convert existing properties, such as struggling shopping malls, into distribution centers.Public hostility to new sites is also growing. Large warehouses are noisy and operate around the clock. Suburban homeowners across America and Europe worry about pollution from lorries. Even where developers promise thousands of jobs, politicians complain that these will be low-skilled, or soon replaced by robots. Five Conservative members have called on Britains government, run by their own party, to stop a huge warehouse from being built in south-east England.Warehouse owners are getting more crentive. Amazon is changing former golf courses in America into distribution centers. The online giant is also converting an empty car park in central London into a delivery hub. Less creatively, developers are raising rents and its estimated that they will go up by 6% globally this year. That may upset e-merchants.12. What do the figures quoted in the first paragraph illustrate?A. Online shopping is driving the demand for warehouses.B. A large number of goods are sold at reduced prices.C. The number of online shoppers has declined.D. Goods in Toronto and Tokyo are less popular.13. Why is it hard to turn a struggling shopping mall into a distribution center?A. Because the shopping mall is not large enough.B. Because peoples enthusiasm is not high enough.C. Because delivery truckers dont like the idea.D. Because the cost of doing so is high.14. What does the underlined word “hostility” in paragraph 3 mean?A Agreement.B. Awareness.C. Opposition.D. Preference.15. What may make e-merchants feel frustrated?A. Warehouse owners are getting more creative.B. Some vacant sites are converted into warehouses.C. Its harder for them to park in the center of London.D. Rents for warehouses are rising all over the world.山东省滨州市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhen we think of technology, we tend to think of computers, smartphones, and the Internet among other high-tech inventions. But technological development also applies to clocks. The creation of mechanical gears in clocks was a great leap forward for timekeeping devices. Here are just a few of the milestones in their history.The Pendulum （钟摆）ClockWhile clocks using springs and gears had already been invented by the 1500s, it was the pendulum clock developed by Christiaan Huygens in 1657 that gave timepieces a higher level of accuracy. The improvements Huygens made to the pendulum design made it 100 times more accurate than previous clocks. Rather than losing or gaining 15 minutes per day, Huygens' pendulum clocks were accurate within a minute per weekThe Power of ElectricityClocks that used a battery began to be developed around 1815, but it wasn't until 25 years later that a Scottish clockmaker named Alexander Bain patented a clock powered by an electric current. Bain's clock still used a pendulum, but the pendulum was powered by electromagnetism. More than a hundred years later, in 1957, the first electric watches became available to the public. Portable WatchesAs clock technology advanced and mechanisms became more accurate and thinner , new types of timepieces that could be carried on a person were developed. The earliest of these were pocket watches , which were created in Switzerland in 1574. Centuries later , in 1812, Abraham-Louis Breguet produced the first wristwatch, which he gave to the Queen of Naples, Napoleon's younger sister. Originally, wristwatches were worn by women only and men continued to use pocket watches.21. What made Huygens1 clock more precise than previous clocks?A The invention of springs and gears. B. The betterment in pendulum design. C. The power of an electric current.D. The changes of clock mechanism.22. What was special about Bain's clock? A. It was battery-operated.B. It was patented in 1835.C. It was the first electric watch for the public.D. Its pendulum was electromagnetism-powered.23. Which of the following timekeeping devices was first invented?A. The pendulum clock.B. The electric watch.C. The pocket watchD. The wristwatch.BIt was 11130 at night in the Alaskan village of Igiugig, population 70, Nelson heard the rumble of a small airplane circling the nearby airport "Any time a plane flies over that late, you know something is wrong；” as she told New York Times.“ Nelson and her sister ran to the window, and saw the problem： The airport's runway lights were out.Nelson threw on some clothes! jumped into her ATV, and floored it to the airport, where she found a local pilot trying to turn on the lights manually."Normally, if you push the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up," Nelson told KTOO out of Juneau. Not this time. Meanwhile, she and the pilot learned of the planed urgent mission. "It was a medevac, there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital, 280 miles away in Anchorage. Nelson had a plan. Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she -shone her headlights on the tarmac （停机坪）for the plane to follow. Great idea, but it wasn't enough. More light was needed, so a neighbor called nearly every home in the village-32 of them. Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airport, many of the drivers still in pajamas. Following directions from the medevac pilot, the cars lined up on one side of the runway.The medevac made its final approach and, guided by the headlights, landed safely. The young patient was loaded onto the aircraft, and the plane immediately took off again. Her illness was never publicly revealed, but she has since been released from the hospital.In a world filled with uncertainty, the little community's positive activism was a big deal. Not so much for Nelson. As she told CNN, in Igiugig, doming together “is kind of a normal deal.”24. Why did the small airplane circle the nearby airport without landing?:A The runway lights of the airport didn't workB. Something was wrong with the small plane, C. The plane was on an emergency mission.D. It didn't pick up signals from the local pilot25, How did the plane land safely at last?