中考英语语法动词及动词短语ppt课件.ppt
中考英语语法九动词及动词短语考点一考点一 常见易混动词辨析常见易混动词辨析1spend/pay/cost/take表示表示“花费花费”spend主语是人,指花费时间和金钱。主语是人,指花费时间和金钱。spend. on.; spend. (in) doing sth.pay主语是人,指花费金钱。主语是人,指花费金钱。pay. for.spend. onMom never spends any money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。己身上花钱。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week.你能借给我你能借给我12块钱吗?我下周还你。块钱吗?我下周还你。It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。月你不用花一分钱。It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修他们用三年时间修完了这条路。完了这条路。2look/watch/see/read 表示表示“看看”look看看(动作动作);可单独成句;可单独成句;look at.watch看看(电视、比赛电视、比赛);注视;注视看见看见(结果结果);看望;理解;看望;理解(I see.)look可以表示可以表示“看上去看上去”,是感官系动词,后接形容词。,是感官系动词,后接形容词。看病看病(看医生看医生)用用see a doctor表示。表示。3speak/say/talk/tell表示表示“说说”speak发言;说发言;说(某种语言某种语言)say说说(内容内容);写有;写有talk谈论;谈论;talk about sth.; talk to/with sb.4.感官系动词感官系动词look/taste/sound/feel/smelllook看起来看起来(视觉视觉)taste尝起来尝起来(味觉味觉)sound听起来听起来(听觉听觉)feel摸起来摸起来(触觉触觉)5.borrow/lend/keep表示表示“借借”borrow借用;借用;borrow sth. from sb.lend借给;借给;lend sth. to sb.借用若干时间;借用若干时间;keep. for 2 days6.hope/wish/expecthope希望;希望;hope to to sth.; hopethat 从句从句wish但愿、希望;但愿、希望;wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wishthat 从句从句7.forget/leaveforget表示表示“忘记忘记”时,时,forget通通常不能与表示地点的副词常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用或短语连用leave在表示在表示“遗忘遗忘”时,通常时,通常要与表示地点的状语连用要与表示地点的状语连用8.hear/listen/soundhear听见;听见;hear名词名词(强调听强调听的结果的结果)listen听;听;listen to名词名词(强调强调听的过程听的过程)9.wear/put on/dress/be inwear“穿着;戴着穿着;戴着”,强调状态,强调状态,wear后可接穿戴的东西,包括后可接穿戴的东西,包括眼镜、首饰等眼镜、首饰等put on“穿上;戴上穿上;戴上”,指,指“穿穿”的的动作,反义词为动作,反义词为“take off”10.reach/get/arrivereach“到达到达”,是及物动词,是及物动词(比比get更正式更正式),其后可直接接地点,其后可直接接地点名词作宾语名词作宾语(不能用介词不能用介词)get“到达到达”,不及物动词,之后,不及物动词,之后通常接介词通常接介词 to1(2018广东普宁模拟广东普宁模拟)I dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a good one.Asaid Btold Cspoken Dtalked 2(2018广西贵港港南二模广西贵港港南二模)How much money did he you yesterday?500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.Agive Bborrow Clend Dmake3(2018山东东营广饶模拟山东东营广饶模拟)I really enjoy the fresh fish soup in Lanhai International Hotel. It delicious.Afeels Bsounds Csmells Dtastes4(2018甘肃定西中考改编甘肃定西中考改编)I cant find my English textbook.Is it possible that you it at home?Alost Bsaw Cleft Dforgot考点二考点二 动词短语辨析动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种:第一种是同一动词的不同搭常考的动词短语辨析有三种:第一种是同一动词的不同搭配;第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配;第三种配;第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配;第三种是完全不同的动词短语。是完全不同的动词短语。1同一动词的不同搭配同一动词的不同搭配(1)look短语短语look after照料;照顾照料;照顾look at看看look for寻找;寻求寻找;寻求look forward to盼望;期待盼望;期待look out注意;当心;向外看注意;当心;向外看look through快速查看;浏览快速查看;浏览look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看查阅;抬头看look up to钦佩;仰慕钦佩;仰慕(2)cut短语短语cut down砍倒砍倒cut off切除切除cut out删除;删去删除;删去cut up切碎切碎(3)run短语短语run after追逐;追赶追逐;追赶run away跑开跑开run out (of)用尽;耗尽用尽;耗尽(4)turn短语短语turn down调低调低turn up调高调高turn. into变成变成turn on接通接通(电流、煤气、水等电流、煤气、水等);打开;打开turn off关掉关掉turn left/right向左向左/右转右转(5)take短语短语take after(外貌或行为外貌或行为)像像take care of照顾;处理照顾;处理take down拆除;往下拽;记录拆除;往下拽;记录take in吸入;吞入吸入;吞入(体内体内)take off脱下;起飞脱下;起飞take place发生;出现发生;出现take up (尤指为消遣尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做学着做;开始做(6)get短语短语get dressed穿上衣服穿上衣服get into陷入;参与陷入;参与get lost迷路迷路get off下车下车get on 上车上车get on with与与相处相处get up起床;站起起床;站起(7)use短语短语be/get used to习惯于习惯于be used to do被用来做被用来做used to曾经曾经;过去;过去(8)give短语短语give away赠送;捐赠赠送;捐赠give out分发;散发分发;散发give up放弃放弃give in屈服屈服give off发出发出(光、气味等光、气味等);长出;长出(枝、杈等枝、杈等)(9)call短语短语call (sb.) back(给某人给某人)回电话回电话call in召来;叫来召来;叫来call up打电话给打电话给(某人某人);征召;征召(10)come短语短语come true实现;成为现实实现;成为现实come up with想出;提出想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等主意、计划、回答等)(11)bring短语短语bring back恢复;使想起;归还恢复;使想起;归还bring out使显现;使表现出使显现;使表现出bring up养育;抚养养育;抚养(12)fall短语短语fall asleep进入梦乡;睡着进入梦乡;睡着fall down突然倒下;跌倒;倒塌突然倒下;跌倒;倒塌fall in love with爱上;喜欢上爱上;喜欢上fall over绊倒绊倒(13)go短语短语go along (the street) 沿着沿着(这条街这条街)走走go off (闹钟闹钟)发出响声发出响声go out外出外出(娱乐娱乐)(14)make短语短语make sure确保;查明确保;查明make up编造编造(故事、谎言等故事、谎言等)make a decision做决定做决定make fun of取笑取笑make use of利用利用(15)put短语短语put on增加增加(体重体重);发胖;发胖put off推迟推迟put up搭建;举起;张贴搭建;举起;张贴put away收拾收拾(整理整理)好好put sth. to good use好好利用某物好好利用某物put out熄灭熄灭(16)set短语短语set out出发;启程出发;启程set up建起;建立建起;建立2同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配(1)up短语短语cheer up(使使)变得更高兴;振奋起来变得更高兴;振奋起来clean up打扫打扫(或清除或清除)干净干净dress up装扮;乔装打扮装扮;乔装打扮end up最终成为;最后处于最终成为;最后处于fix up修理;装饰修理;装饰grow up长大;成熟长大;成熟hurry up赶快;急忙赶快;急忙pick up捡起;接电话捡起;接电话show up赶到;露面赶到;露面stay up熬夜熬夜wake up醒;叫醒醒;叫醒(2)out短语短语blow out吹灭吹灭check out察看;观察察看;观察clear out清理;丢掉清理;丢掉find out查明;弄清查明;弄清hand out分发分发hang out闲逛;常去某处闲逛;常去某处lay out摆开;布置摆开;布置leave out不包括;不提及;忽略不包括;不提及;忽略sell out卖光卖光work out成功地发展;解决成功地发展;解决(3)down短语短语die down逐渐变弱;逐渐消失逐渐变弱;逐渐消失let. down使失望使失望lie down躺下躺下pull. down拆下;摧毁拆下;摧毁look down瞧不起瞧不起write down写下;记录下写下;记录下(4)with短语短语agree with同意;赞成同意;赞成compare. with比较;对比比较;对比connect. with.把把和和连接或联系起来连接或联系起来deal with应付;处理应付;处理share with分享分享part with放弃、交出放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西尤指不舍得的东西)3完全不同的动词词组完全不同的动词词组ask for请求;恳求请求;恳求(给予给予)care for照顾;非常喜欢照顾;非常喜欢believe in信任;信赖信任;信赖care about关心;在意关心;在意clean. off把把擦掉擦掉depend on依靠;信赖依靠;信赖divide. into把把分开分开separate from分开;分离分开;分离hear from接到接到(某人的某人的)信、电话等信、电话等throw away扔掉;抛弃扔掉;抛弃drop by顺便访问;随便进入顺便访问;随便进入stick to坚持;固守坚持;固守pay attention to注意;关注注意;关注pass by路过;经过路过;经过pay for付费;付出代价付费;付出代价prepare for.为为做准备做准备pull together齐心协力;通力合作齐心协力;通力合作shut off关闭;停止运转关闭;停止运转take sb.s place代替、替换某人的位置代替、替换某人的位置think of认为认为1(2018山东临沂费县一模山东临沂费县一模)In a basketball game, its very important for the players to play together and the best in each other.Ahand out Bbring outCtake out Dleave out2(2018黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟改编黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟改编)One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(拖延症拖延症). What should I do? what you need to do first, and go for it today.AWatch out BWork outCWear out DLook out3(2018湖北丹江口湖北丹江口3月诊断月诊断)Be careful not to the letter “b” when you spell the word “climb”Thank you for reminding me of that.Alay out Bleave outCbring out Dfind out4(2018江苏常州常熟一模江苏常州常熟一模)Excuse me, sir. But smoking is not allowed here.Sorry, I didnt see the sign. Ill my cigarette(香烟香烟) at once.Aput out Bput awayCput up Dput off5(2018湖北襄阳中考湖北襄阳中考)Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not. You cant todays work till tomorrow.Aput off Bturn downCgive away Dlook up6(2018湖北宜昌中考湖北宜昌中考)Were not supposed to those who failed.No one can be a winner all the time.Aturn out Blaugh atCspread out Dshare with考点三考点三 情态动词情态动词原形原形与与过去过去式式用法用法例句例句表示能力表示能力(be able to)Tom can swim.Tom is able to swim.原形与过原形与过去式去式用法用法例句例句may/might表示可能性表示可能性(可可与与maybe互互 换换)Tony may know the way.Maybe Tony knows the way.原形与过原形与过去式去式用法用法例句例句表示义务、命表示义务、命令或要求令或要求We must tell the truth to our parents.Lisa must be at home.(推测现在状况推测现在状况)You must be kidding.(推测现在正在发推测现在正在发生生)They must have seen the movie.(推推测过去状况测过去状况)原形与过原形与过去式去式用法用法例句例句shall/should“Shall.?”用于第一人称用于第一人称表示提建议或表示提建议或请求请求Shall we ask the teacher for help?1.情态动词的过去式与原形相比,表示更委婉的语气。情态动词的过去式与原形相比,表示更委婉的语气。2mustnt表示否定意义,意为表示否定意义,意为“禁止,不允许禁止,不允许”。3have to有人称、数和时态的变化,表示受客观条件限有人称、数和时态的变化,表示受客观条件限制,意为制,意为“不得不不得不”。She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽车去上她不得不坐公共汽车去上班。班。4“May.?”句式的肯定回答是句式的肯定回答是“Yes, .can.”,否定回答,否定回答是是“No, .cant.”。“Must.?”句式的肯定回答是句式的肯定回答是“Yes, .must.”,否定回答,否定回答是是“No, .neednt./.dont have to.”。1(2018内蒙古通辽中考内蒙古通辽中考)Where are you going for your summer holidays? I go to Dalian. I havent decided.Amay Bneed Cmust Dmustnt2(2018江苏盐城中考江苏盐城中考)Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.Ashouldnt Bcant Cmustnt Dneednt3(2018江苏泰州中考江苏泰州中考)To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.Ashould Bmay Ccould Dmight4(2018福建中考改编福建中考改编)Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicyclesharing right now?No, you Aneednt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmustnt5(2018广东中考广东中考)Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.If farmers start planting rice in salty water. Chinas food supply will surely rise.Acan Bcant Cmust Dmustnt考点四考点四 系动词系动词/助动词助动词(六年未考,只做了解六年未考,只做了解1系动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和表语一系动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。起构成谓语,说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。分类分类常见例词常见例词表示状态的系表示状态的系动词动词be表示持续性的表示持续性的系动词系动词keep, remain, stay, stand2.助动词助动词be助动词助动词be主要用来表示各种时态和被动语态。主要用来表示各种时态和被动语态。3助动词助动词do有人称和时态的变化,主要用来构成谓语是实意动词的句子有人称和时态的变化,主要用来构成谓语是实意动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。Do you know China well?你很了解中国吗?你很了解中国吗?Did your father call you yesterday?你爸爸昨天给你打电话?你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗?了吗?4助动词助动词have与过去分词构成各种时态。与过去分词构成各种时态。You havent been abroad before, have you?你以前没出过国,是不是?你以前没出过国,是不是?http:/