2022年高一英语定语从句讲解和习题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数定 语 从 句一、基本概念：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now. That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成帧 . 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有： when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1 作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2 作宾语用 whom, who, which, that, 如：The man whom/who/that we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book which/that I bought last week. 注：在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词 who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用 whom, 不行省略；用于指物的关系代词 which 和 that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略；3 作定语用 whose, 如：a He is the man whose car was stolen last week. b It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注： “ whose +名词中心词 ”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上 a 句）,又能作宾语（如上 b 句）；whose 的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指详细事物或抽象概念,这时可以与 of which 结构互换,词序是：“ 名词+of which”,如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. = the back wall of which Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. = whose name 4 作表语只用 that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但经常省略；如：He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place that it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法：1when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等；如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born. 注： when 经常可以省略,特殊是在某些句型和某些时间状语中；如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数第 1 页,共 9 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数2where 指地点,在从句中作地点状语；它的先行词通常有：city, town, country 等,如：This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注： where 有时也可以省略；如：This is the place where we met yesterday. 3 why 指缘由或理由,它的先行词只有 reason；如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注： why 经常也可以省略；如：That is the real reason he did it. 三 使用关系副词应留意以下几点：place, spot, street, house, room, 1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于肯定的介词 +which 结构：when = on in, at, during + which; where = in at, on + which; why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when =on which he arrived. The office where =in which he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why =for which we did it. 2 当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house等时,肯定要留意分析从句的结构,假如缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应当用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用 when 或 where,试比较：I ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3 when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句；而 why 只能引导限制性定语从句；三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句说明先行词的情形,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系非常亲密,不行用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否就全句意义就不完整；如：This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything that I can do for you. 2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,假如省略,原句的意义仍旧完整；这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开；如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where,不行以用that 和 why ；另外,非限制性定语从句从意义上讲,相当于一个并列句,在口语中使用并不普遍,在日常生活中,人们通常用考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数第 2 页,共 9 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数并列句或简洁句来表达；如：I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 3两种定语从句的内涵不同,限制性定语从句具有涉他性,而非限制性定语从句具有 唯独性,这在懂得和翻译 时应特殊留意；试比较：All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）这时一般采纳whichHis brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）4有时, 非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词,而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,或 as来引导；如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would. 注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后；（2）从意义上讲,which 指前面主句的内容；而 as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西,因此常译成“就象 那样 ” ；（3）假如定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用,就用which ,而不用 as,如：She stole her friends money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which upset me. 5在正式文体中,以the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which 或 that 引导,如：The way in which you answered the questions was admirable. 但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略 in which 或 that : The way in which he spoke to us was suspicious. I don t like the way that you laugh at her. 四关系词的挑选1 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作主语,只能用who 指人, which 指物；关系代词做宾语,常用whom（口语中有时用who ）指人, which 指物,它们都不能用that 代替；2 关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,仍是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom 指人, which 指物；但假如介词后置,就不受这种限制,关系代词仍可以省去,特殊是在口语中；如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talking. Do you know the boy that she was talking to. The pencil which/that he was writing with suddenly broke. 3 在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用 只能用 that ,不用 which ：考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数which 或 that ,二者常可以互换；但在以下情形中,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 当先行词是考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数等词时；如：all, a lot, a little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothingAll that can be done has been done. In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours. 2 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时；如：We heard clearly every word that he said. 3 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时；如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake. 4 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容 词最高级同时修饰时,如：Is that the best that you can do. That s the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in. This novel is the second best one that I have ever read. 5 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等所修饰时；如：This is the very book that I want to find. 6 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时；如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at t he Childrens Palace. She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. 7 当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时；如：Which is the car that killed the boy. 4. 在定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系词可用whom 或 that ,二者常可互换；但在以下情形中,用 whom ,而不用 that ：1 当先行词是 one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等词时；如：Is there anyone who can answer this question. He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp. 注：在非正式文体中可以说：Youre the one that knows where to go. 2 当先行词是 he, they, those, people, person等词时；如：He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. Those who are against the proposal put up your hands. 注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中,可用 he that ；如：He that promises too much means nothing. 3 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时；如：Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting. 4 在分隔式定语从句中,如先行词指人,为了明确修饰关系,应当用 whom；如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German. There s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see. 第 4 页,共 9 页考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数I was the only person in my office who was invited. 5 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词,其次个定语从句常用 She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar. whom 来引导,如：5. 在定语从句中,当先行词指人时,在以下情形中,一般用关系词 that: 1 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时；如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there. Which of us that knows anything does not know this. 2 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时；如：He is the greatest man that has ever lived. 3 当先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等词所修饰时；如：She is the only person that understands me. 6. 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时,关系词既可以用 as,也可以用 that ；在表示详细事物时,有时两者有肯定的区分；一般说来,表示同一种类多用 as,表示同一事物多用 that ；如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器；This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样；在抽象概念上,同种类和同一事物是没有肯定区分的,所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as / that you have. 这里要留意的是：（1） 使用 as时,它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略,但使用 的动词不行省略；如：Women received the same pay as men. Women received the same pay that men received. that 时,定语从句中2 在“the same that ”结构中, that 只是用来加强语气,强调“ 相同 ”；that 可以省去而不转变句子原意,甚至连名词前的 same也可以省去；如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. = This is the same instrument I used yesterday. = This is the instrument I used yesterday. 但在 “ the same as”结构中, same 和 as 都不能省略；3 当“the same that ”结构中的that 作为关系副词用时,不行以直接与as 互换；如：He lives in the same building that I live. = He lives in the same building as / that I live in. Shall we meet at the same place that we last met. = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at. 7. 当先行词前有such, so, as 时,关系词应当用as；如：t understand. 第 5 页,共 9 页A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand. At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can. It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read. Let s discuss such things as we can talk of freely. 50 题定语从句专项练习题及详解1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _. A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded. A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day. A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country. A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数第 6 页,共 9 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数第 7 页,共 9 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 考无忧论坛 免费注册、无需点数A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened. - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farm