2022年高三英语上unit单词精讲 .pdf
模块十Unit 4 单词精讲Part I (Reading) 1.hatred 解析hatred 名词 意为“憎恨 ; 仇恨 ; 憎恶 ; 恶意”由动词hate变化而来。如:He looked at me with hatred in his eyes. 他以憎恨的眼光望着我。相关习语: have a hatred for/of 憎恶 . in hatred of 憎恨She has a profound hatred of fascism. 她对法西斯主义怀有深仇大恨. 2.lastly 解析lastly 副词意为“最后一点 ; 最后”如:Lastly, were going to visit Athens, and fly home from there. 最后我们将访问雅典, 然后从那儿乘飞机回国. 注意: last 也可以充当副词意为:“上次 , 最近”I saw him last in New York. 我上次见到他是在纽约。3. identify 解析 identify 主要是及物动词有以下三个意思:(1)确认 ;识别 ;鉴定 ,验明 (+as) I cannot identify this signature. 我识别不出这是谁的签字。(2) 视.(与.)为同一事物 (+with) Never identify wealth with happiness. 千万不要把财富和幸福等同起来。不及物动词意思为:“(与.)认同 ;一致 ;感同身受 (+with) ”I identified with the heroine of the novel. 我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。3. accuracy 解析 accuracy 名词意为: “精确 , 准确” (尤指用心的结果)如:It is impossible to say with any (degree of) accuracy how many are affected. 无论如何也说不准受影响的有多少。形容词为: accurate 4.annually 解析 annually 副词意为: “每年 ;每年一次”They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually. 他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。annual 既是形容词又是名词annual report 年度报告annual ring 【植】年轮名词:“年刊, 年报 , 年鉴 , 年金 , 年税”4. regarding 解析 regarding 介词意为: “关于(某人 /某事物) ;” 如:I wrote a letter regarding/as regards my daughters school examinations. 我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。其同义词: as regards / concerning / over Part II (Grammar and usage) 1.spy 解析spy 作及物动词,不及物动词和名词spies (第三人称单数 ) spied (过去式、过去分词) spying ( 现在分词 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 及物动词:(1) 暗中监视 ;侦察出He sent out a party to spy the enemy. 他派出一个小分队暗中监视敌人的行动。(2) 察觉 ,发现(复合宾语)We spied a stranger hanging around the corner. 我们发现一位陌生人在拐角处闲荡。不及物动词:当间谍 ;暗中监视 ;刺探 (+on/upon/into) We spied on the man. 我们监视那个人。名词:间谍 ;密探 可数名词 She liked the adventures of a spy. 她喜欢间谍的冒险。Part IV (Project) 1. similarly 解析similarly 副词有以下两层意思:(1) 相似地 ; 类似地 : The two boys dress similarly. 两个小男孩穿得差不多一样。(2) 也; 同样 : She was late and I similarly was delayed. 她迟到了 , 我也晚了。similar 形容词“ 相像的 ,相仿的 ,类似的 (+to)” 如:His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。similarity 名词( 1)类似 ;相似 不可数 The similarity between the two reports suggests that one person wrote both. 那两个报告极其相似,这意味着它们出自一人的手笔。( 2)相似点 ;类似点 可数 Bees and wasps both sting, but they have other similarities too. 蜜蜂和黄蜂都刺人,但它们还有其他相似之处。2. strait 解析 strait 名词常以复数表示单数意义, 尤其用于专有名称 ( 1)海峡 ; (联接两大水域之间的)狭窄水道如:the Straits of Gibraltar 直布罗陀海峡the Magellan Straits 麦哲伦海峡 . ( 2)困难;陷于(恶劣的极度的 /严重的 )财务困境中(常用复数)She has been in great straits (financially) since her husband died. 自从她丈夫去世, 她 (在经济方面 )一直处于困境。3. aboard 解析aboard a-=on 在, 上 +board 木板有以下两种词性:副词:在船 (或飞机 ,车)上;上船 (或飞机 ,车) All passengers aboard fell into the river. 船上所有乘客皆落入河中。介词:在(船 ,飞机 ,车 )上;进入 ,上(船,飞机 ,车) They were the last two to go aboard the ship. 他们是最后两位上船的。介词短语on board = aboard We went on board the ship. 我们登上了轮船。(做状语 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. 飞机上的人都很着急,而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。(做后置定语)注意: aboard abroad (adv.往国外 , 到处 , 海外 ) 4. apology 解析apology 可数名词(1) 道歉 ;赔罪 (+to/for) I make an apology to you for my rudeness last night. 昨天晚上我太粗暴,应该向你道歉。(2) 辩解 ,辩护Her open letter was really an apology for her way of life. 她的公开信实际上是对她生活方式的辩护。动词用法:apologize to sb.for (doing)sth. ( 因 而向某人道歉) He apologized to her for not going to her party. 他因没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。5. alone 解析 alone 形容词(作表语、后置定语):(1)单独的 ,独自的She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时 ,她便看电视。(2) 只有 ,仅;单单The rent alone is $300. 单房租就三百元。副词(状语):(1) 单独地For years Mary lived alone in New York. 玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。(2) 独自地I can do it alone. 我可以独自办理此事。模块十Unit 2 词组精讲Part I (Reading) 1.relate to 解析relate to = relate with (1)有关To what events did your remarks relate? 你的话指的是什么事? (2)使联系 ; 显示出 .与.的关系 (to , with) 及物动词 I cant relate what he does with to what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。(3)使有亲戚关系常用被动语态 They are related to each other. 他们彼此之间有亲戚关系。2. break into 解析break into 有以下四层意思:如:(1) 强行进入某处: His house was broken into (e. g by burglars) last week. 上星期有人闯入他的房屋(如窃贼)。(2) 突然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等): As the Presidents car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause. 总统的汽车到达时, 群众中爆发出热烈的掌声。(3) 突然改变(由慢到快): The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那人一见到警察, 拔腿就跑。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - (4)(指活动)用去(应做其他事情的时间): All this extra work Im doing is breaking into my leisure time. 我目前的这一切额外工作用去了我的闲暇时间. 3. keep up 解析keep up 分别由四种不同用法:如:(1)(指雨、雪、好天气等)持续不停(及物动词 ) If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined. 如果这雨继续下,花园就完蛋了。(2) 保持;维持 (及物动词 ) The high cost of materials keeps up prices. 材料的昂贵费用使价格居高不下。(3) keep up (with) 跟上(某人 某事物 ); (与某人 某事物 )同步前进 : They walked so fast that I could not keep up (with them). 他们走得那么快,我没法跟上。注意: keep up with “和 .保持联系”She has kept up with some of her friends since her retirement. 她退休后一直同一些朋友保持着联系。4. no doubt 解析 no doubt 作副词使用通常在 no doubt 后省略 there be结构。如:(1)“无疑地 ;我确信 ;不容怀疑地”No doubt I will succeed in the end. = There is no doubt I will succeed in the end. 我确信我最终会成功。(2) “很可能地”No doubt he was just trying to help, but hes spoiled our work. 可能他只是想帮忙,但却把我们的工作给弄糟了。Part II (Grammar and usage) 1. get into a bad habit of 解析get /fall into a bad habit of = form a bad habit of 养成 染上 某习惯be in a habit of 有某种习惯break off the habit of 改掉 .的习惯Part IV (Project) 1. apply to 解析 apply to (1) 适用于The discount no longer applies to him because he s over eighteen. 他不再享受打折待遇,因为他已超过 18 岁。(2) 向.申请 (或要求 ) We applied to them for help. 我们向他们求援。2. be faced with 解析 be faced with 意为“面临 ; 面对” 如:This country is now faced with the prospect of war. 这个国家目前正面临战争。此句可以改成:This country is now facing the prospect of war. 相关短语: lose/save face (丢脸 /保全面子 ) in the face of ( 面临 ) to one s face(直接地 ) make a face (做鬼脸 ) 3. taketo court 解析 taketo court 意为: “起诉某人 ; 控告某人”I took her to court for repayment of the debt. 我为索取债务而起诉她。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -