单片机实践教学改革的研究的统计.doc

单片机实践教学改革的研究的统计SCM research statistical practice teaching reform单片机原理及应用课程是高校计算机、自动化、测控技术及机械等专业的一门必修课程。该课程具有很强的理论性与实践性，在实际教学过程中，必须将理论教学与实践教学紧密结合，才能使学生真正掌握单片机的基础知识并灵活运用于生产实践。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Single-chip microcomputer principle and application of curriculum is the computer, automation, measurement and control technology and machinery of professional a required course. This course has a strong theoretical and practical, in the actual teaching process, must be closely combining theory teaching and practice teaching, to make students grasp the basic knowledge of single chip microcomputer and flexibly applied in production practice. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途1 单片机实践教学的现状1 microcontroller practice teaching present situation 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途目前，高等学校单片机实验室存在的主要问题是教学内容不足和教学手段落后1。验证性实验成了单片机的主要实验类型，实验过程中所用的编程语言为汇编语言。验证性实验的定位是学生根据实验指导书来操作。实验指导书上有实验内容、实验原理、程序流程图和硬件接线。由于实验课时有限，教师只能简单地讲授一下实验的基本思路和操作方法，导致学生在整个实验过程中具有一定的盲目性。学生也没有循序渐进地去思考实验的意义，只是跟着做了一遍，严重影响了实验教学效果。这样对学生有三方面不利的影响。（1）学生缺乏对硬件的认识，因为实验箱的构造是模块化，学生看不到内部真正的结构。（2）学生的动手能力以及综合应用能力没有得到提高。（3）学生在校期间学习的单片机知识和社会需求有一定差距。因为现在社会上使用的单片机编程都是C语言，而学生仍然使用汇编语言。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途At present, the main problems of single chip microcomputer laboratory in colleges and universities is insufficient teaching content and teaching method 1. Confirmatory experiment is the main experimental types of MCU, assembly language is the programming language used in the experiments. Positioning of verification experiment is students instructions to operate according to the experiment. Experimental guide books have experiment content, experiment principle, program flow chart and hardware connection. Simply due to the limited experiment lesson, the teacher can teach the basic ideas and operation method of the experiment, causes students to have certain blindness in the whole experiment process. Students also does not have to think step by step experiment of meaning, just follow to do it again, seriously affecting the effects of experimental teaching. The adverse effects that there are three aspects for students. (1) the students lack of understanding of the hardware, because the structure of the experiment box is modular, students see the internal structure of real. (2) the students' practical ability and comprehensive application abilities are not improved. (3) the SCM knowledge and social demand of students during the period of school learning has certain gap. Because now the society using single-chip microcomputer is the C language programming, and students still use assembly language. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途2 单片机实践教学内容与方法的改革2 microcontroller practice teaching content and method reform 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途2.1 项目导向代替知识体系导向2.1 project oriented instead of knowledge oriented 对单片机应用系统进行基本的开发是单片机课程教学的目的。大部分高校单片机课程教学大纲都要求几十个学时的理论学习和若干学时的实验，但是教学效果不理想。教师使用传统的教学方法，在教学中以知识体系为导向。而单片机课程的特殊性在于它与实践联系非常紧密，并且包含多门课程的知识，教师和学生都觉得比较难掌握。经过探索与研究，我们对这门课开展项目导向教学法。学生在教师指导下亲自操控项目的全过程，在这一过程中学习掌握教学大纲的内容。学生全部或部分独立组织、安排学习行为，解决项目实施中遇到的困难。提高了学生的兴趣，自然能调动学习的积极性。因此，项目导向教学法是一种典型以学生为中心的教学方法，不再把将教师所掌握的知识技能传递给学生作为追求的目标，或者说不是简单地让学生按照教师的安排和讲授去得到一个结果，而是在教师的指导下，学生去寻找得到这个结果的途径，最终得到结果，并进行展示和自我评价，学习的重点在于学习过程而非学习结果，他们在这个过程中锻炼了各种能力。教师已经不在教学中占主导地位，而是成为学生学习过程中的引导者、指导者和监督者，学生具有很高的积极性。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途For basic development of single chip microcomputer application system is single chip microcomputer of teaching purpose. Most of the college course syllabus require dozens of period of theoretical study and several hours of the experiment, but the teaching effect is not ideal. Teachers use the traditional teaching method, in the teaching of knowledge oriented. And the particularity of the course lies in its tightly linked with practice, and the included information on courses, teachers and students feel difficult to grasp. After exploration and research, this course for us to carry out the project oriented teaching method. Under the guidance of students in teachers personally handling process of the project, in the process learning to master the content of the syllabus. Students all or part of the independent organizations, arrange learning behavior, to deal with the difficulties encountered in the project implementation. Improve the students' interest, nature can arouse the enthusiasm of learning. Therefore, project oriented teaching method is a typical student centered teaching method, not to pass the teacher knowledge skills to students as the goal, or is not simply to let the students according to the arrangement of the teachers and teaching to get a result, but under the guidance of teachers, students to find ways to get the result, finally get the results, and to display and self assessment, learning focuses on the learning process rather than as a result, they work in the process, the various ability. Teachers are no longer dominant in the teaching, but become a student guide, mentor and supervisor in the learning process, students have high enthusiasm. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途在单片机的实践教学中，以项目需求导入相关知识点，以电子产品设计作为任务，在任务实施过程中掌握课程所需的应用技能和知识点。学生在项目实践过程中，理解和把握课程所要求的知识和技能，体验创新的艰辛与乐趣，培养分析问题和解决问题的思维和方法。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途In SCM practice teaching, in order to import the project demand related knowledge points, in electronic product design as a task, in the process of task implementation to master the application of the skills and knowledge required for a course. Students in the process of project practice, to understand and grasp the course required by the knowledge and skills, experience the hardships and pleasure of innovation, cultivate problem analysis and problem solving thinking and method. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途2.1.1 项目的选取2.1.1 the selection of projects 将项目导向教学法引入到单片机课程中，关键之处是项目的设计。项目设计是否合理将直接影响到教学效果2。教师在设计项目时，应紧扣教学大纲并且结合实际应用，以提高学生的能力为目标。教师应从实用性、可行性、综合性3个方面来考虑。项目应注意理论与实际紧密联系，选择学生感兴趣的题目，难度也不宜过高。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Directs the project teaching method is introduced into the MCU course, the key is the project design. Project design is reasonable will directly affect the teaching effect 2. When teachers in designing project, should stick to the teaching outline and combining with the practical application, in order to improve students' ability as the goal. Teachers should begin from the practicability and feasibility, a comprehensive three aspects to consider. Project should pay attention to the theory with practice closely, select the topic, students interested in difficulty also shoulds not be too high. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途交通灯、密码锁、双机通讯实验、抢答器、万年历、频率计、电机控制、电子屏显示、温度压力计等设计都是单片机实验室必做的项目。这些项目将单片机的理论知识和实际应用联系起来，难度适中。项目从简单到复杂、难度从小到大，引起学生的兴趣。学生经过对项目的认真学习，能独立设计小型的测控系统，而且建立了基本的系统综合概念。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Traffic lights, combination lock, double machine communication experiment, buzzer, perpetual calendar, frequency meter, electrical control temperature, pressure gauge, electronic screen design is single chip microcomputer lab will do the project. These projects will be linked to SCM of theoretical knowledge and practical application, the difficulty is moderate. Project from the simple to the complex and difficult growing up, the interest of students. After a careful study of the project, students can independently design small measurement and control system, and established the basic concept of integrated system. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途2.1.2 项目的实施2.1.2 the implementation of the project 在实施单片机项目时，4名学生1个组，根据教师下达的任务书来完成项目。每人的分工不同。1名学生负责设计机械本体、2名负责系统硬件设计、1名负责软件设计，最后大家一起进行系统的搭建与调试。在项目实施的整个过程中，小组成员能够齐心协力，互相配合，完成整个项目，最后还要写出完整的项目设计报告。图1为项目流程。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途In implementing SCM project, four students a group, according to the teacher give the specification to complete the project. Each division is different. 1 student body responsible for design 2, responsible for the system hardware design, one is responsible for software design, finally together for building and debugging of the system. In the whole process of project implementation, team members can work together, cooperate with each other, to complete the whole project, and finally to write complete the project design report. Figure 1 for the project process. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途2.1.3 项目的评估总结2.1.3 project evaluation summary 在项目导向教学法中，项目评估总结是非常重要的环节3。项目的评估总结实质是对学生完成的项目进行评价，以完成项目的质量为主，但是在打分时也考虑实施过程和项目的设计报告，并且对有创新点的学生进行加分。首先学生进行自我评估，然后再是教师对整个项目进行评估。教师在评估中要指出学生的问题，先让学生自己针对问题进行改进。如果学生没办法改进，教师再提出解决的办法。最后，教师和参与项目的各组学生一起进行总结和讨论，比较其他组方案和自己组方案的不同之处。学生和教师的能力均会在评估总结中得到提高。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途In project oriented teaching method, project evaluation summary 3 is a very important link. Project assessment summarizes the essence of which is to evaluate students complete projects, mainly to complete the project quality, but also consider when rating the implementation process and the design of the project report, and for students with innovative points. Students' self-assessment in the first place, and then he is a teacher to evaluate the entire project. Teacher to point out that the students' problems in evaluation, let the student in view of the problems to improve. If the student can't improve, the teacher then put forward a solution. Finally, the teacher together with the groups of students to take part in the project summary and discussed, and compared to other groups of solutions and their own group differences. Students and teachers' ability will be improved in the evaluation summary. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途2.2 虚拟实践与实际硬件实践相结合2.2 virtual practice combined with the practice in hardware 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Proteus软件是英国Labcenter electronics公司研发的EDA软件。Proteus软件不仅是模拟电路、数字电路、模/数混合电路的设计与仿真平台，更是目前世界上最先进、最完整的单片机系统设计与仿真平台。它真正实现了在计算机上完成从原理图设计、电路分析与仿真、单片机代码级调试与仿真、系统测试与功能验证到形成PCB完整的电子设计、研发过程。Proteus软件支持外围数电/模电与处理器的协同仿真，真正实现了虚拟物理原型功能，在目标板还没有投产前，就可以对设计的硬件系统功能、合理性和性能指标进行充分调整，并可以在没有物理目标板的情况下，进行相应软件的开发和调试，进行完全的虚拟开发，明显提高开发效率，降低开发风险。教师在实验室采用Proteus仿真软件进行虚拟单片机实验，优点立即显现出来，教师不必根据实验箱来制订实验内容。这就大大扩展了项目的范围，而且利用Proteus软件，必须自己进行硬件接线。学生必须对硬件非常熟悉，需要自己上网或者去书本中搜索芯片资料，锻炼了学生查找文献的能力，同时知识也得到了更新，不局限于书本中所讲的有限芯片数。只要有电脑，用Proteus软件随时随地都可以进行仿真。在调试好系统之后，再来进行实际的制版操作，则浪费的芯片数也降到了最低，使实验室硬件投入得到减小4。Proteus软件在仿真时，可以显现出单片机引脚的高低，扩展了芯片，则显现出芯片的地址等，这些优势是实验箱无法做到的。图2是基于Proteus软件做的密码锁设计。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Proteus software is the British Labcenter electronics company research and development of EDA software. Proteus software is not only the analog circuit, digital circuit, d/a mixed circuit design and simulation platform, is currently the world's most advanced, most complete single-chip system design and simulation platform. It really realized on the computer to complete the schematic design and circuit analysis and simulation, microcontroller code-level debugging and simulation, system testing and function verification to form a complete PCB electronic design, research and development process. Proteus software support peripheral electric/mold electric and processor of collaborative simulation, and truly achieve the function of virtual physical prototype, in front of the target board has not yet been put into production, to design the hardware system of rationality and performance index function, fully adjusted, and can be in the absence of physical target board, carries on the corresponding software development and debugging, the virtual development of the full, significantly improve develop efficiency, reduce development risk. Teacher is virtual microcontroller with the Proteus simulation software in the lab experiment, the advantages immediately apparent, teachers don't have to make experiment content according to the experiment box. This greatly extends the scope of the project, and the use of Proteus software, must be on your own hardware connection. Students must be very familiar with hardware, the need to search in the Internet or go to the book chip data, exercise the students' ability of the literature, knowledge has been updated at the same time, is not limited to books in the limited number of chips. As long as have a computer, use the Proteus simulation software can be anytime and anywhere. After good debugging system, and then to proceed with the actual process operation, the number of chips, waste also dropped to the lowest, reduce laboratory hardware get 4. Proteus software in the simulation, can appear the microcontroller pins height, expanded the chip, showed an chip address, etc., these advantages are experiment box cannot do. Figure 2 is based on the combination lock design Proteus software. 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途3 结束语3 conclusion 实践教学在单片机教学中占有十分重要的地位，不断改革和探索实践教学的目的是为了提高单片机教学质量。实践表明：以项目开发过程为切入点，把虚拟与仿真技术引入单片机实践教学，这种创新实践教学模式使学生在项目实践过程中，理解和把握了知识与技能，体验了创新的艰辛与乐趣，培养了分析问题和解决问题的能力及团队合作精神。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途Practice teaching occupies an important position in the SCM teaching, constant reform and exploration of practice teaching purpose is in order to improve the teaching quality of MCU. Practice shows: the project development process as the breakthrough point, introduce the virtual simulation technology and microcontroller practical teaching, the innovation practice teaching mode make students in the process of project practice, to understand and master the knowledge and skills, and experience the hardships and fun of innovation, cultivate the problem analysis and problem solving ability and the team cooperation spirit.个人收集整理 勿做商业用途11 / 12