(备考词汇专攻)中考英语小复习-51-60(10份10组专题).docx

（备考词汇专攻）中考英语小复习 51-60（10份10组专题）§51ask / inquire/ question. ask “问、询问”是最普通的用语，通常表示只是为了获得回答或了解某事而提问。如： Ill ask him how to get there. 我要问他怎样去那儿。. inquire “问、询问”表查究，调查的意思。如： I have inquired of him whether he could help me.我已问过他是否能帮助我。 She came to inquire about her friends health.她来询问她朋友的健康情况。 He inquired of me about our work.他向我了解了我们的工作情况。. question “询问、审问、提问”含有提出一连串问题的意味。如： I questioned him about the matter.我问过他这件事。 He was questioned by the police.他受到警察的审问。§52ask/ ask for . ask vt “问”后接一个宾语或双宾语。如： Dont ask me, I dont know.别问我，我不知道。 hen ask your friend the same questions.然后问你的朋友同样的问题。. ask vi “要求”“邀请”。后接不定式或复合句宾语。如： He asked to join the PLA. 他要求参加人民解放军。 The villagers always ask them to stay for lunch. 乡亲们总是请他们留下来吃午饭。. ask for “要求找到某人或某物”在不同情况下有不同的译法。如： He sat down and asked for a cup of tea. 他坐下来要了一杯茶。. ask sb for sth “向某人要某物”如： Now ask your partner for the answers.向你的搭档要答案去。 He came and asked me for his bike.他来向我要他的自行车。§53asleep/ sleep / sleepy . asleep adj “睡着的”；常作表语。如： The children have been asleep.孩子们已睡着了。 He was too tired and fell asleep at once.他太累了，立刻就睡着了。. sleep v & n “睡着”。如： You have a good sleep. 你需要好好睡一觉。 Last night I sleep very well. 我昨天晚上睡得很好。. sleepy adj “困乏的、想睡的”。如： She is always sleepy. 她总是想睡觉。 I feel very sleepy now. 我现在昏昏欲睡。§54at Christmas/ on Christmas. at Christmas 表示“在圣诞节期间”，既可以表示在圣诞节当天，也可以表示在圣诞节前后不久。如：Ill return at Christmas 我将在圣诞节期间回来。. on Christmas 则指“在圣诞节”，一般仅指在十二月二十五日当天。如：Children always get many presents on Christmas Day.在圣诞节孩子们总是收到许多圣诞节礼物。注：on Christmas Eve 指的是“在圣诞节前夜”相当于中国的除夕。§55at first/ first . at first “起初”，多用来表示后来发生的事情或动作，与前面的不同，甚至相反。如：At first she knew nobody but now she has many good friends.起初她谁也不认识，但现在她有很多朋友。. first 用来表示一系列动作或事物的“开始”。如：Be polite. First knock at the door and then go in.要有礼貌。先敲门，再进去。§56at last/ finally/ in the end. at last “最后”表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生，强调努力的结果，带有较强的感情色彩。须用一般过去时。如：Did the man in the shop understand him at last?. finally 表动作的发生顺序是在“最后”， 无感情色彩，只用于过去时。它居句首时较多。 Finally he went to see the famous man himself. . in the end 表事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”，有时可与finally相互替换。但用于将来的预测时，则只能用in the end 如： I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.§57at school/ in school/ in a (the) school. at school表示“在学校、在上学”相对于在家里或在校外。如： My son is at school now. He is not at home or somewhere else. 我儿子现在在学校，他不在家，也不在别的地方。 When my brother was at school, he studied very hard.在学校时，我兄弟学习很用功。. in school “在求学、在上学”相对于有工作。如：My daughter still in school She doesnt work.。我女儿还在上学，她不在工作。注：和用at school 强调所在场所或时间。中的in school 则强调主语的身份是学生。因此，in school. 和 at school的着重点不一样，通常不互换使用。. In a / the school “在学校”，不一定指上学。类似的还有：in hospital “生病住院”in a / the hospital表“在医院”（工作或探视病人等）at table “在吃饭”at a / the table “在桌边”(有可能在聊天或看报） Is your friend in school? 你的朋友在上学吗？ Your friend looked for you in the school just now.刚才你的朋友在学校里找你。 Children are often in hospital when they are young. 孩子们小的时候经常生病住院。 She is a good doctor in the hospital.她是医院里的一名好大夫。§58at the beginning/ at the beginning of/ in the beginning. at the beginning 和 in the beginning都可表“起初、开始、原先”之意。两者间没有明显的区别，通常可互换。如： Youll find it difficult to learn Russian at the beginning. 起初，你会觉得俄语很难。 In the beginning I didnt know this.开始我不知道这事。. 若表当今世界的开头，则必须用in the beginning eg:In the beginning there were no men nor animals nor plants.在盘古开天辟地时，既没有人，也没有 动植物。. at the beginning of “在之初”， 其后通常 接表时间，事件或其它意义的名词，其反义词组为at the end of. 如： At the beginning of 1975 he came back to China.1975年初，他回到了中国。 This adverb can also be placed at the beginning of the sentence.这副词也可以放在句子的开头。§59at the top of/ on the top of. at the top of “在顶点上、在上”。At 表示点，在句子中用作状语，反义短语常为 at the bottom of “在底部”； on (the) top of 中的on 表示部位上的接触，意思是“在之上、在上面”。反义短语常为at the foot of “在脚底下”。如： He shouted at the top of his voice. 他高声地叫喊。 He is at the top of the class.他居全班之首位。 Will you please put this box on (the) top of the books.请你这个盒子放在那些书的上面好吗？§60at/ beside/ by/ near He sat at the desk. He wanted to read, 他坐到桌边，想看书。. beside “在旁边”；by = just at the side of “就在旁边”。两者一般可通用。但by 比beside语势较强些，并多用于日常用语中。如： There is a hospital beside / by the river. 河边有一家医院。注：指“在某人身边”时，常多用beside. Eg: The little boy is standing beside his mother. near “在附近”或“离不远”，它表示的距离要比by / beside 来得远些。如： We live near the sea.我们住在海边。（表离海边有些距离） We live by / beside the sea.我们就住在海边。（表海就在身边）。