2022高考英语阅读理解全程提升训练（9）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解全程提升训练（9）及答案 文学赏析类(2013·江西，D)Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.I say clever because anti­slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)But the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.The novel is strongly anti­slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As JChadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave­holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youthmostly with white men performing in black­faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.【语篇解读】 通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。18How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?ATwain was more willng to deal with racism.BTwain's attack on racism was much less open.CTwain's themes seemed to agree with plots.DTwain was openly concerned with racism.解析推理判断题。由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。答案B19Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its_.Atarget readers at the bottomBanti­slavery attitudeCrather impolite languageDfrequent use of “nigger”解析细节理解题。由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。答案D20What best proves Twain's anti­slavery stand according to the author?AJim's search for his family was described in detail.BThe slave's voice was first heard in American novels.CJim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.DTwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.解析推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。答案C21The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that_.Aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersBslaves' babies could pick up slave­holders' way of speakingCblacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought upDblacks were born with certain features of prejudice解析推理判断题。由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。答案C22What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?AThe attacks. BSlavery and prejudice.CWhite men. DThe shows.解析词义辨析题。由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。答案D23What does the author mainly argue for?ATwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.BTwain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.CTwain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.DTwain's works should be read from a historical point of view.解析主旨大意题。该篇从马克·吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克·吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。答案A 阅读理解- Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worlds attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It wont be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.【文章大意】本文大意为：随着奥巴马将要成为美国新一届总统，Michelle 即将成为第一夫人。作为一个黑人妇女Michelle或许会改变人们对传统黑人女性的看法。36. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.【答案】C【 解析】Michelle 即将成为美国第一夫人，成为人们聚焦的中心，她将会改变人们对黑人女性的看法，代表着黑人女性的新形象。37. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.【答案】B【 解析】根据文章第二段The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers内容可知答案为B。38. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.【答案】D【 解析】根据文章最后一段Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White House可知答案为D。39. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she cant expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.【答案】C【 解析】根据文章中Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady.可知，Michelle成为了第一夫人，她会有很多的支持者，也会受到很多的批评。所以她不可能取悦每个人。40. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women. B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.【答案】A【 解析】根据文章倒数第二段Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.作者希望Michelle能改变人们对黑人女性的看法。社会生活类-67Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centres on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years of further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3, 000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950, 000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologist two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said:“Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept. 1. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.3. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasnt changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demandsB. Research time should be extended, scientists requireC. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities sayD. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn【参考答案】67.1-4 BCDD 阅读理解-When next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, wholl become Oxfords vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher e