2022高考英语快速命中考点17.doc

2014高考英语快速命中考点17题材：时文报道类体裁：议论文词数：335The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory (呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose (提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 am.Within three hours，more than 25,000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China's Twitter.They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze (雾霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors almost all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors.Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators (呼吸器)The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at China's top two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies' outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，high­polluting gas fuel.考点4推理判断题命题猜想本文为说明文，题材为科学发现类，主要介绍一项惊人发现：脑力工作本身不会使人感到疲劳。题号正确选项名师伴你行3A观点态度题。结合全文尤其是文章第一句话可知，作者对这一新的科学发现虽然感到震惊但又认为它是一个具有重要意义的事实，故选A项。4B推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知，导致我们疲劳的原因主要是不良的情绪，因此要想保持活力必须保持愉悦的心情，故选B项。 Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pan's proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “car­free days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public.Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952，urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956，which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to.1Why did Pan Shiyi start an online survey?ATo investigate the public's opinions on pollution.BTo tell people the danger of the smoggy weather.CTo call on more people to support his proposal.DTo collect supporting evidences for his proposal.2What can we learn from the passage?APeople are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather.BChildren staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses.CSmog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases.DMasks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.3Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to _.Asuggest Beijing should learn from other countriesBlet people know many places have this problemCtell people the situation in Britain is worseDcall on the government to pass Britain's Clean Air Act4What's the best title for this passage?AThe Use of Gas Masks and RespiratorsBBeijingers Call for a Clean Air ActCEffective Protection for Blue SkyDThe Mysterious Causes of the Scary SmogPassage 2题材：广告信息类体裁：说明文词数：371Our travel experts are eager to assist you with your cheap flight tickets and package deal bookings.Call us for cheap air ticket deals on flights from all UK airports.Cheap Flights to New YorkThe skyline of Manhattan is an unforgettable sight when first glimpsed，and New York is a city that knows how to attract the visitor.Visit the Statue of Liberty，take a horse­drawn carriage round Central Park，take a photo at Times Square，see a show on Broadway，or explore Chinatown.Book your cheap flight to New York from 459 only.Cheap Flights to San FranciscoSan Francisco is a big city with a small­town charm delighting its visitors.This “City by the Bay” has a gorgeous ocean setting，wonderful architecture，and the Golden Gate Bridge that dominates the landscape.There's so much to see and do.You can enjoy a ride in a cable car，visit fashionable Nob Hill and Union Square.And the city's long­established Chinatown is essential.There's no shortage of amazing nightlife with restaurants，night clubs，and bars of every description.Book your cheap flight to San Francisco from 564 only.Cheap Flights to SydneySurf，sand and sun sum up this vibrant city like no other.Famous for its golden beaches and truly world­class surf，Sydney offers the best outdoor activities.A lively centre for business as well as arts，the city is a wonder with cafe culture，charming nightlife，and an exciting restaurant scene.You can learn to surf at Manly，swim at iceberg pool，and take a dip in the ocean at Bondi Beach.You can also dip into the Opera House for a concert，explore the Botanic Gardens，and take an early­dinner sunset cruise on the lovely Sydney Harbor to watch the city light up.Book your cheap flight to Sydney from 796 only.Did you know that booking flight ticket and hotel together could save you up to 40% on your total travel cost？Ask our expert travel agent to quote you on a package deal to New York，San Francisco，Sydney and save big.Hurry！Call us now to get this cheap flight deal.Call Southall Travel 24/7 to book cheap flights.1If you like to enjoy wonderful nights with friends，you'll probably book the ticket to _.ANew York or San FranciscoBNew York or SydneyCChinatown or Bondi BeachDSydney or San Francisco2According to the passage，Sydney is best known for _.Aits beaches and surfingBits business as well as artsCthe Opera HouseDthe Botanic Gardens3How can you book the flight tickets?ABy phone.BOn the Internet.CWith a personal visit.DThrough a hotel.4What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo introduce three famous cities.BTo attract tourists to book flights.CTo introduce some travel experts.DTo recommend tourist activities.【历炼】Passage 1北京持续的雾霾天气引发了公众对空气污染的关注，网民们纷纷呼吁政府制定清洁空气法案。1D推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，潘石屹发起网上调查，是因为他计划向地方政府提交清洁空气法案的提议(proposal)，首先排除A、B两项；再根据常识判断，网上发起投票调查，是为了收集提议受到支持的证据，使其更具说服力，故答案选D项。2C细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知选C项，雾霾导致呼吸性系统疾病的增长，尤其在老人和儿童中(抵抗力较弱的人群)。根据第四段第一句可知A项错误；根据第三段倒数第二句可知B项错误；根据第三段最后一句可知D项错误。3A推理判断题。根据全文最后一句可推断出，举例是建议北京向英国学习，早日制定清洁空气法案。4B主旨大意题。文章介绍了北京持续出现的雾霾天气导致的严重危害以及网民们呼吁制定清洁空气法案，故B项符合文章主旨。Passage 2这是一则有关订购便宜机票的广告。1D细节理解题。根据Cheap Flights to San Francisco下面的“There's no shortage of amazing nightlife with restaurants，night clubs，and bars of every description.”以及Cheap Flights to Sydney下面的“charming nightlife”可知，在这两个地方可以享受美丽的夜晚。故答案为D项。2A细节理解题。根据Cheap Flights to Sydney下面的“Famous for its golden beaches and truly world­class surf，Sydney offers the best outdoor activities.”可知A项正确。3A细节理解题。根据第二段“Call us for cheap air ticket deals on flights from all UK airports.”以及最后一段中的“Call us now to get this cheap flight deal.”可知，可以通过打电话订到便宜的机票。4B写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过介绍几个不同地方的旅游特色来吸引更多的人订购便宜的机票。故答案为B项。 Passage 3题材：科普知识类体裁：说明文词数：307While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor (监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was lockedremotelyto prevent Internet searches，and her trying style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are validthat students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.”Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field，spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras，a number of other high­tech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.1Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?ATo correct her typing mistakes.BTo find her secrets in the room.CTo prevent her from slowing down.DTo keep her from dishonest behaviors.2The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.Aadvanced technique Bsharpening toolCeffective rule Ddividing line3For Internet universities，exams and diplomas will be valid if _.Athey can attract potential studentsBthey can defeat academic cheatingCthey offer students online helpDthey offer many online courses4Some programs can find out possible cheaters by _.Achecking the question answering speedBproducing a large number of questionsCscanning the Internet test questionsDgiving difficult test questions5Which of the following is the best title of this passage?AThe Advantages of Online ExamsBThe High­tech Methods in Online CoursesCThe Fight against Cheating in Online EducationDThe War against the Booming of Online EducationPassage 4题材：环境保护类体裁：说明文词数：230Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts (干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day！This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.1Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?AUsing river water. BThrowing batteries away.CPaving parking lots. DThrowing rubbish into lakes.2What can be inferred from the text?AAll water shortages are due to human behavior.BIt takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.CThere is much we can do to reduce family size.D.The average family in America makes proper use of water.Passage 3本文为说明文，题材属于科普知识类。本文通过Jennifer在家考试受监控的具体描述，介绍了几种防止远程教育的学生作弊的高科技方法。只有采取可信赖的反作弊措施，才能防止接受网上教育的学生利用互联网搜索答案作弊，才能证明他的考试和文凭的有效性。1D推理判断题。由第二段内容和第三段第一句“In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.”可知，Jennifer在家考试中受监控器的监控是为了防止(她)作弊，应选D项。2A词义猜测题。由第二段的具体描述来看，这是防止作弊的先进技术，另外，由画线部分的后一句“The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.”可知，上一句画线的“cutting edge”和后一句的“The technology”指代的是同一内容，故应选A项。3B细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are validthat students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.”可知，专家说只有拥有了可信赖的反作弊措施，互联网才可以证明他们的考试和文凭是有效的学生没有在互联网上搜索到正确的答案。故应选B项。4A细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.”可知，是通过分析答题的速度来判断是否作弊，故选A项。5C主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在打击网上教育考试作弊的斗争中，目前采取的几种有效防止远程教育学生作弊的高科技方法。Passage 4本文为说明文。题材为节能环保类。水是我们日常生活中必不可少的资源，但是由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的一些短缺。呼吁大家从自身做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。1C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.(我们铺砌的道路和停车场越多，流入地面成为地下水的水就越少。)”可知应选C项。2B推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“.good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.”，第三段最后一句“.but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.”和最后一段我们能够在生活中所采取的多种措施，可以得知B项(我们需要付出很多的努力去满足我们对水的需求)正确。 3The last paragraph is intended to _.Ashow us how to fix leaks at homeBtell us how to run a dishwasherCprove what drinking glass is best for usDsuggest what we do to save water a