2022高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（2）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础二轮训练题（2）及答案【2014高考英语湖北省汉阳市联考试题】400-year-old plants from the Little Ice Age were brought back to life, which could help us understand how the Earth will deal with climate change.Moss(藓类植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop glacier(冰川) on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brought back to life. Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps. Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists.Samples of the moss plant, covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850 AD, were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems(茎). Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.Biologist Dr. Catherine La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop glacier on Ellesmere Island. Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years. This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed. Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 AD can now be studied, including many species that have never been studied before.While examining an exposed area of land, La Farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum. It is a type of bryophyte(苔藓类植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada, the US and the Highlands of Scotland.Dr La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems, suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate. Dr La Farge told the BBC, “When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab, I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches, suggesting that these plants are growing again, and that blew my mind. When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape, weve always thought that plants have to come from refugia(濒绝生物保护区), never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier. Its a whole world of whats coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied. The ice is disappearing pretty fast. We really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world; we dont know it all.”Dr La Farge took samples of the moss and, using carbon-dating techniques, discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age. Dr La Farges team took the samples, planted them in dishes full of nutrient-rich potting soil and fed them with water.The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum, Distichium capillaceum, Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis. The moss plants found by Dr La Farge are types of bryophytes. Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.However, Dr La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the twenty-first century. Her findings appear in proceedings（论文集）of the National Academy of Sciences.59. Dr La Farges research is of great importance to _.A. knowing what the plants during the Little Ice Age were likeB. understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers.C. regrowing many species that have been destroyed before.D. figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss.60. The underlined part “blew my mind” in Paragraph 6 can best be replaced by “_”.A. surprised me B. greatly frightened me C. put my doubt out of my mind D. was exactly what I had in my mind61. According to the passage, Aulacomnium turgidum _.A. lives better in small groups B. is very active in hot weatherC. is strong enough to survive coldness D. is chosen from Canadian refugia62. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change.B. 400-year-old mosss survival is a mystery to solve.C. Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada.D. 400-year-old plants were brought back to life.【参考答案】59、 61-62 Passage Thirty (Fingerprints)   The search for latent prints is done in a systematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints.   Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like.   Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemists gray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints.   In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without first being examined carefully.1.      What is the best title for this passage?A. Visible impressions.             . Moulded impressions.C. Fingerprints.                   D. Latent fingerprints.2.      How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage?A. 2.             . 3.           C. 4.            D. 5.3.      Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain?A. Latent fingerprints.                . Visible impressions.C. Moulded impressions.              D. Clear fingerprints.4.      How many ways are there to develop fingerprints?A. 2.           . 3.           C. 4.          D. 5.Vocabulary1.      latent print                      潜在指纹2.      premise                         前提3.      non-porous                      无孔的，不渗透的4.      ridge                           脊，隆起部5.      nil                             无，零6.      premise                         房屋及其附属部件7.      rear view mirror                  后视镜8.      steering wheel hub                驾驶盘9.      steering column                  转向柱10.      windshield                      挡风玻璃11.      dashboard                       仪表盘，挡泥板12.      atomizer                        喷雾器13.      talc                            滑石14.      lampblack                       灯黑，灯烟15.      acacia                          阿拉伯树胶，金合欢胶16.      dragons blood                    龙血树脂，麒麟血17.      sparingly                        少量的，节约的18.      novice                          新手，初学者19.      cellulose tape                    纤维带，指纹胶带20.      lift                             提起，拿起。这里指取下指纹。21.      molded impression                模性压痕22.      visible impression                 可见压痕23.      pliable                          柔韧的，柔顺的24.      smear                           搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清难句译注1.      The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene.结构简析 句子长是因为有两个定语从句：which 和who； which 修饰areas; who 修饰persons.参考译文 搜寻潜手印的基本前提是：要非常仔细的检查那些最可能为曾到过现场的人所触摸的地方。2.      If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed.结构简析 条件句，主从句中都有一个when +过去分词句型。第一个直接紧跟从句，第二个在主句的表语后面。译时根据其所在位置。参考译文 假如指印在放大镜下观察时没有显露隆起部分的细节（不显露指纹纹理），那很可能，在摄影时其鉴别价值等于零。3.      Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons.结构简析 复合句，前面是主从句， whereit will be necessary, 从句so that 中又有一个条件句，if they 。参考译文 如果发现了指印，检查人员就必须把发现的指印和有权进入房屋的人的指印作比较。如果指印证实是来自这些人的，那么作为证据价值的线索就可排除掉。4.      A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface.结构简析 句子长，因为表语中有形容词短语similar to , 而to 的宾语又有一个省略which的定从he wishes to search. 此外副词短语in order to 的宾语也有一个修饰的分词短语best suited.参考译文 对新手来说，最好的办法就是用自己在类似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一个实验，以确定最适用于这种表面的粉末。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍在犯罪现场搜寻“（潜）指印”的文章。采用平铺直叙步步深入的写作方式。头两段先介绍经常会有“潜指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽车的后视镜，方向盘等。屋内光滑无孔的物体，如若接触就会留有潜指印，但粗糙物体的潜指印就没有价值，放大镜下不显现纹理的指印也无价值，就得看摄影显示决定。接着，介绍运用白粉，黑粉轻拂扫，新鲜纤维带把潜手印取下的种种方法和步骤。最后一段介绍了除潜手印外还有两种不能忽略的手印：模性和可见压痕及其形成和取证方法。答案祥解1.      C. 指印，不管哪一种。A. 可见压痕。   B. 模性压痕。  C. 潜指印，都属于指印。所以最佳的标题应是指印。2.      B. 三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。3.      A. 潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第三段描写取潜指印可见一般。B. 和C. 见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。”     D. 清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。4.      A. 两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”阅读理解-(3)Brazil has become one. of the developing worlds great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better results without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazils population growth rate dropped from 2. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93% a year between 198 land 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (肥皂剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the worlds biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazils most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values: not many children, women working, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious (有意识的) of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. " This led to an enormous change in consumption (消费) patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Martine.9. According to the passage, Brazil has lowered its population growth _.A. by educating its citizensB. by careful family planningC. by developing TV programmes              D. by chance10. According to the passage, many Third World countriesA. havent given much attention to birth controlB. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateC. havent yet found an effective measure to control their populationD. havent realized the importance of TV plays in family planning11. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazils birth rate because _.A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB. they have gradually changed peoples way of lifeC. people are drawn to their attractive packageD. they popularize birth control measures12. What is Martines conclusion about Brazils population growth?A. The increase in birth rate will increase consumption.B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C. Consumption goes with reproduction.D. A country s production is limited by its population growth.【答案与解析】9. D 细节题。由第一段第一句. more by accident than design可知。10. C 细节题。由倒数第二段的最后一句我们可知。11. B 细节题。由倒数第二段的they describe middle and upper class values：not many children，women working可知：这些肥皂剧使得人们改变了生活观念，也纷纷效仿上流社会的人们，少生孩子，妇女参加工作。12. B 细节题。Marine给比利时的人口增长的缓慢总结了两条：肥皂剧与分期付款计划。分期付款计划就是指人们的消费欲望。- 9 -