【高考复习指导】2021届高考英语二轮复习 专题三 代词课堂训练.doc

专题三代词1. (2014·安徽卷)You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand.A. One B. No oneC. Everyone D. Someone2. (2014·江苏卷)Good families are much to all their members, but _ to none.A. something B. anythingC. everything D. nothing3. (2014·福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _， knives and forks.A. another B. othersC. both D. all4. (2014·江西卷) When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? _. I'll be in all day.A. Any B. NoneC. Neither D. Either 5. (2014·浙江卷)An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.A. each B. itC. this D. one6. (2014·大纲卷) Who's that at the door? _ is the milkman.A. He B. ItC. This D. That7. (2014·山东卷)Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. thisC. it D. her8. (2014·陕西卷)I'd appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.A. it B. youC. one D. this9. (2014·四川卷)She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.A. both B. neitherC. none D. either10. (2014·重庆卷)A smile costs _ but gives much.A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything1. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都乐意帮助你。one(某一个人、物)表泛指；no onenobody(没有人)；everyone(每个人)强调全体；someone(某个人)。本句强调所有人都愿意，故选C项。2. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：优秀的家庭对家庭成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。something(某些事情；重要人物)；anything(任何事情，一些事情)；nothing(没有东西，无关紧要的东西)。everything(一切)符合句意。3. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在其他国家，人们用刀叉。some., others.是对称结构。4. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我什么时候打电话过来？早晨还是下午？都可以，我一天都在。根据句意应答者在早晨和下午两种情况中作出选择。A、B两项表三者或三者以上的情况；neither表两者都不。5. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：去年平均降雨量为18.75厘米，让去年成为1850年加利福尼亚建州以来最干燥的一年。each表三者或以上的任何一个；it指上文提及的同一事物；this指代上文或下文内容；one指代可数名词，表泛指。本句中it指last year。6. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：谁在门边？是送奶工。it指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门等)，符合本句情形。7. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：Susan向我说清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。it是形式宾语，真正宾语为that从句。8. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。I would appreciate it if/when.(如果我将感激不尽)是固定句式。9. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但这两个地方她都不喜欢，于是搬到了剑桥。none表三者或以上的否定；both(两者都)；either(两者中的任何一个)。neither(两者都不)符合题意。10. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：微笑不要我们花费任何东西，但给予我们很多。本题中的关键词是but，说明上下文之间是转折关系，所选之词要和后面的much表相反的意思，故选C项。高考代词主要考查不定代词、替代词、it的用法以及复合代词。阅读理解的选项中有时会出现对全部否定与部分否定的判断。要点储备一：代词主要用来指代人、事物或事件，就是代替出现过的特定词、短语或句子，避免重复。有以下几类1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them用人称代词作简略回答时，要用宾格。如： Who is knocking at the door？ Me, Tom.2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/some/any, each/everyn., none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either8复合代词someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing9兼作形容词的不定代词each，all, any, none, both, either, neither, few, little, many, much, some10相互代词each other, one another要点储备二：不定代词用法注意点1. one, some与any词汇用法举例one可以泛指任何人，复数为onesOne should learn to think of others.some多用于肯定句；也可用于疑问句，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议、请求等I have some questions to ask. Would you like some bananas？Could you give me some money？I have read this article in some magazine. There are some 3，000 students in this school.some修饰可数名词单数时，表示某个 ( a certain)；some和数词连用时，表示“大约”any多用于疑问句和否定句中，以及if之后Please correct the mistakes, if any. Do you feel any better today？any修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任何一个”；any可与比较级连用，表示程度2. no，none, no one, nobody与nothing词汇用法举例no等于not any / a / an，作定语There is no such person in the office.none既可指人也可指物，既可指可数名词，也可指不可数名词；用于回答How many/much疑问句How much water is there in the bottle？ None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. I'd like some bread, but there was none in the fridge.no onenobody一般指人，其后不能加of短语；作主语时谓语动词用单数；指代句子前面出现的somebody/anybody/everybody；用于回答Who疑问句Who told you the news？ Nobody. I read the newspaper. Is there anyone in the room？ Nobody / No one.nothing泛指，只表物；作主语时谓语动词用单数；指代句子前面出现的something/anything/everything；用于回答What疑问句What's in the box? Nothing. Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.3. other, the other与another词汇用法举例other泛指“另外的，别的”，常与其他词连用：some/any/no/every other 名词some. others; one.the other; each other; no other but(不是正是)the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way John isn't here. He might be in some other room.I don't like this color. Do you have any others？He is no other but Tom.the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others，等同于“the 名词复数”He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other. Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another意为“又一个，另一个”，无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人/事”； another与复数名词连用表“另外” 常用短语：one. another (一个，另一个)；one another (彼此)I don't like this shirt; please show me another (one). The trousers are too long; please give me another pair / some others. Some like football, while others like basketball. Another three students/Three other students were late this morning. Another five minutes/Five more minutes and I'll finish the work.4. all, both, neither与either词汇用法举例all表物时，all everything，其谓语动词用单数； 表人时，all all the people, 其谓语动词用复数；加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用none，nothing，nobodyAll of the books are not written in English. Not all of the books are written in English. Some of the books are written in English. Some are not.both加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither, 等同于not . eitherBoth of us are not teachers. Not both of us are teachers. Either of us is a teacher.either意为“两者中的任何一个” either.or.意为“要么，要么”；not.either neither；I don't like either of the watches. I like neither of the watches. You can either stay or leave. It's up to you. Will you go there by bus or by car？ Neither. I will go there by train.5. it, that, one, ones, those与the ones词汇用法举例it代替前面提到的同一个名词； 或指代上文内容；用于一定句式Father searched everywhere for his golden watch, but couldn't find it anywhere.that指代不可数名词，表特指时，等同于the one; 若后置定语为of引起的介词短语时，则通常用that，指人或后有前置定语修饰时只能用the oneThe weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.oneone与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物， 前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等Aunt gave me a very valuable present, one (a present) that I had never seen. Which do you want？ The red one. Green apples often taste better than red ones.onesthose在口语中，多用those来替代特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句修饰时( the ones)；代替特指的复数名词，通常用the onesHis ideas are little different from those of his friends. Students who do well in examinations are those/the ones who ask questions in class. Are they the ones who moved here recently？I'd like to try on those shoes, the ones at the front of the window.the ones6. this, these, that与those用法例句this/these一般指在时间或距离上离讲话者较近的人或物，that/those则表示在时间或距离上离讲话者较远的人或物That is what I explained yesterday；this is what I want to explain now. this有时指代前面的整个句子或整段描述，也可指代即将进行的描述；that一般只指代上文If we put our food into a refrigerator it becomes very cold and this can stop it from going bad.that/those可指代前面所提及的同类名词，以避免重复The speed of radio waves is equal to that of light. The magazines on the shelf seem more difficult to read than those on the desk.this/that 有时可用作状语，表示程度，意为“这么” “那么”That's a beautiful leather wallet, but I can't afford to pay that much.要点储备三：“it”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予足够的重视用法例句实词指代前文提到的事物；替代前文中的内容I bought a pen last week but it is missing now. He failed in the exam again.It made him very sad.指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲门，打电话时用)；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事Who can be knocking at the door? It must be Tom. He is well over fifty, but doesn't look it.指代时间、天气、环境、气候、距离等自然现象It was nearly midnight when he came back. Welcome to my home if it is convenient to you.替代模糊概念，无补语，指代从句所叙内容I don't like it when people speak with their mouth full. You can depend on it that he will come to your help.形式主语替代作主语的动词不定式、动名词、主语从句：It beadj. (for sb.) to do sth. It beadj. of sb. to do sth.It's (well) worth doing.It's n/adj./v.edthat从句Itvi.that /wh从句Itvt. sb.that从句It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.It's kind of you to help me with the problem.It's no use crying over spilt milk.It is no secret/surprise that the president wants to have a second term at office.It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.It is said that the couple have got divorced.It's not settled whether I am going abroad.It appears that it is going to rain.It turned out that the ordinary man was a rich one.It makes no difference who will take the post.It worried me that she drove so fast.形式宾语vt.itn./adj.vt.it adj./n. (one's) doingv.itas n/adj.从句v.itprep.that从句(句型详见名词性从句)We consider it our duty to protect the environment.I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.I think it no use arguing with the stubborn man.I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.The student owes it to his tutor that he succeeded.Don't bother to arrange anything.Just leave it to me to sort out.I take it that you wanted something else.强调句型It is/was强调物that句子余下部分It is/was强调人who/that句子余下部分强调句中的主语、宾语和状语等，连接词不可使用when, where, howWhen was it that he changed his mind？I wonder what it was that made him sad.It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was my brother与强调句型易混句型It is the first time that 现在完成时It was the first time that 过去完成时It is (high) time that 过去时/should doIt's.since 过去时It will be.before 现在时It was .before 过去时It was 时间名词when.It was 地点名词where.It was 状语 that.It's the third time that he has failed the driving test. It was the first time that he had been abroad.It's(about/high) time that we should take action.It is two years since I saw him last time.It was years since I had seen her.It was not long before they arrived.It will be long before my dream comes true.It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.常用的固定搭配及其他句型It takes sb. sth. to do.It's (just)(un)like sb. to do.make it(成功做到，赶上，及时到达；约定好时间)as it is(事实上； 照原样)that's it(至此为止，没有别的；对啦)As it happened, .(真不凑巧，真遗憾)As it turned out, .(最后被证明是)Believe it or not(信不信由你)It's up to sb. (由某人决定，由某人负责，取决于某人)if it weren't for./if it hadn't been for.(要不是) (其余it口语用法见情景交际)It took the men a week to mend our roof.It was (just) like him to think of helping us.It's hard to make it to the top in show business. Shall we meet next week？ OK. We just make it next Saturday.Leave the table as it is.You can have one more sweet, and that's it. I guess the key to the problem is the choice “A” That's it.As it happened, they were out when I called on them yesterday. As it turned out, his statement was false.Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. Shall we go out for dinner？ It's up to you.If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.要点储备四：反身代词的习惯用语搭配含义例句beside oneself由于气愤、激动等而近乎发狂、忘形He was beside himself with joy(欣喜若狂) when he heard the news that he had passed the exam.by itself自动地The computer may shut off by itself.by oneself单独地、独自地I can't finish the work by myself.for oneself亲自You'd better go to see if your son has gone to school for yourself.in oneself本质上，自身Money in itself meant nothing to them.to oneself独占、独用Everyone would rather have a bedroom to oneself. absent oneself缺课、缺勤He absented himself from work because he had the flu.adapt oneself to适应于You should adapt yourself to the changed conditions.apply oneself to专心致志于It's hard to apply yourself to some dull work.be oneself处于正常状态It looks as if the boy is not himself today.behave oneself规矩点You know that is not the way to behave oneself.come to (oneself)苏醒过来When he came to himself, he found himself lying in hospital.devote oneself to专心于；献身于I will devote myself to science in the future. enjoy oneself玩得开心，过得愉快I hope you'll enjoy yourselves.find oneself.不自觉间发现自己It's no fun to find oneself at the end of the rope. help oneself to.自取He helped himself to the money on the table.make oneself at home不要拘束，不要客气Just make yourself at home.seat oneself坐The guest seated himself at the other end of the table.think for oneself独立思考One has to learn to think for oneselftreat oneself to sth.用某物款待自己I usually treat myself to some music after a day's hard work.重点突破掌握各类代词基本用法；重点关注高考热点与代词短语；牢记it惯用法并依据语境灵活运用。1. Mr Shen's method of teaching is nothing like _ of the teachers at my junior high school.A. the one B. one C. that D. it2. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one 3. Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to the struggle of the African people and _ of every nation that seeks freedom.A. it B. one C. those D. that4. The customer didn't choose _ of the ties and went away without looking at a third one.A. many B. any C. all D. either 5. The president's speech was _ boring; it is, in fact, rather inspiring and interesting.A. anything but B. nothing butC. no more D. all but6. Do you think all the players are good? _ of them are very good. But some could have been better.A. None B. Few C. Most D. All7. Do you expect _ to be a possibility that we shall be able to afford the particular furniture we need?A. it B. thereC. that D. one8. Women's Day is around the corner, and I'm considering buying a gift for Mum, _ that is to her taste.A. for which B. whichC. the one D. one9. As Mrs Roosevelt put _， I'd rather light a candle than complain about the darkness.A. it B. thatC. this D. them10. What kind of house would you like? I'd like _ with a swimmingpool at the back of _A. it; one B. one; oneC. it; it D. one; it11. The price system is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as _ of a great number of services.A. the one B. thatC. ones D. those12. What kind o