2022高考英语二轮专题阅读理解训练精品题（20）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解二轮专题训练精品题（20）及答案阅读理解-B“The Lord of the Rings”, one of the best sellers in the new millennium（千年）, was made up of three parts“The Fellowship of the Ring”, “Two Towers”, and “The Return of the King”. Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative materwork.John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child. Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkiens becoming skilled in Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon.After graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I. In 1917, while recovering from trench fever, he began composing the mythology for The Rings. As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers. The group was soon listening to chapters of Tolkiens imaginative work “The Hobbit”.Hobbit was a name Tolkien created for a local people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural（乡村的）class. Hobbits live in hillside holes. One of them, Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves（侏儒）. On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible.One of Tolkiens students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwin, to look at a draft（草稿）. The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwin, thought that the best judge for a childrens book would be his ten-year-old son. The boy earned a shilling for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and “The Hobbit” was published in 1937.It sold so well that Unwin asked for a continuation. Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced “The Lord of the Rings”, a series of books so creative that they hold readersnew and old after their publication.1. What can we learn from the text?A. “The Lord of the Rings” didnt sell well in the last millennium.B. People know better about Tolkien himself than about his works.C. Tolkien was quite familiar with Old English.D. Tolkien knew very well about different kinds of local languages in Africa. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第一段首句 “The Lord of the Rings”, one of the best sellers in the new millennium.”可知，A选项错误。由第一段后面的 “Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative materwork.” 可知，B选项错误。由第二段内容可知，Tolkien 出生于南非，幼时丧父母，与aunt 住在英格兰，和表兄妹们一起玩耍的经历养成了对Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon.的热爱，也使得Tolkien能够熟练掌握它们。故可推断，Tolkien在英格兰长大，熟悉的不会是非洲本土语言，应该是英语，文章提到那些语言自然就是古英语了。故答案C正确。2. What can we learn about “Hobbit” that Tolkien created in his works?A. Hobbit was a race living in English downtown areas.B. Hobbit was a local people who were very tall and strong.C. Hobbit was a social group of people who lived in old castles.D. Hobbit was a group of people who were mostly dwarves. 答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。由文章第四段 “Hobbit was a name Tolkien created for a local people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural class. Hobbits live in hillside holes.” 可知，A、B、C均不正确。由“half-sized”可推断，Hobbit 中的大多数人是侏儒。故答案为D。3. Which of the following helped most in making “The Hobbit” published?A. One of Tolkiens students.B. Stanley Unwins son.C. Allen & Unwin.D. Bilbo Baggins. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。尽管文章倒数第二段首句提到 “One of Tolkiens students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwin, to look at a draft .” 但是后文又提到 “ The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwin, thought that the best judge for a childrens book would be his ten-year-old son” 故可以推断，对于The Hobbit的出版起着决定作用的应该是Stanley Unwins son。故答案为B。4. What is mainly discussed in the text?A. “The Lord of the Rings” and its writer.B. A completely new masterwork in the new millennium.C. A famous professor at Oxford University.D. The power of the magic ring. 答案解析：答案为A。本题考查文章的中心。由第一段最后一句 “but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative materwork.” 和文章后面的内容可知，本文主要介绍The Lord of the Rings 和其作者。故答案为A。5. Which of the following shows the right order of Mr. J.R.R.Tolkiens life experience?a. He had his “The Hobbit” published.b. He became a member of the Inklings.c. He served in World Ward. He became an undergraduate at Oxford.e. His work “The Lord of the Rings” came to the world.f. He moved to England to live with his aunt.A. f-d-b-c-a-eB. f-d-c-b-a-eC. f-c-d-b-e-aD. d-f-c-a-b-e 答案解析：答案为B。结合全文可知答案为B。Passage Five (Killing in the Name of God     Ugandan Deaths Spotlight Rise of Cults)      How could faith beget such evil? After hundreds of members of a Ugandan cult, the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, died in what first appeared to be a suicidal fire in the village of Kanungu two weeks age, police found 153 bodies buried in a compound used by the cult in Buhunga, 25 miles away. When investigators searched the house of a cult leader in yet another village, they discovered 155 bodies, many buried under the concrete floor of the house. Then scores more were dug up at a cult members home. Some had been poisoned; others, often-young children, strangled. By weeks end, Ugandan police had counted 924 victims including at least 530 who burned to death inside the sealed church exceeding the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of American cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives.     Authorities believe two of the cults leaders, Joseph Kibwetere, a 68-year-old former Roman Catholic catechism teacher who started the cult in 1987, and his “prophetess, ” Credonia Mwerinde, by some accounts a former prostitute who claimed to speak for the Virgin Mary, may still be alive and on the run. The pair had predicted the world would end on Dec. 31, 1999. When that didnt happen, followers who demanded the return of their possessions, which they had to surrender on joining the cult, may have been systematically killed.     The Ugandan carnage focuses attention on the proliferation of religious cults in East Africas impoverished rural areas and city slums. According to the institute for the study of American religion, which researches cults and sects, there are now more than 5,000 indigenous churches in Africa, some with apocalyptic or revolutionary leanings. One such group is the Jerusalem Church of Christ in Nairobis Kawangwara slums, led by Mary Snaida-Akatsa, or “mommy” as she is known to her thousands of followers. She prophesies about the end of the world and accuses some members of being witches. One day the brought a “special visitor” to church, an Indian Sikh man she claimed was Jesus, and told her followers to “repent or pay the consequences.”     Most experts say Africas hardships push people to seek hope in religious cults. “These groups thrive because of poverty,” says Charles Onyango Obbo, editor of the Monitor, an independent newspaper in Uganda, and a close observer of cults. “People have no support, and theyre susceptible to anyone who is able to tap into their insecurity.” Additionally, they say, AIDS, which has ravaged East Africa, may also breed a fatalism that helps apocalyptic notions take root.     Some Africans turn to cults after rejecting mainstream Christian churches as “Western” or “non-African.” Agnes Masitsa, 30, who used to attend a Catholic church before she joined the Jerusalem Church of Christ, says of Catholicism: “Its dull.”     Catholic icons. Yet, the Ugandan doomsday cult, like many of the sects, drew on features of Roman Catholicism, a strong force in the region. Catholic icons were prominent in its buildings, and some of its leaders were defrocked priests, such as Dominic Kataribabo, 32, who reportedly studied theology in the Los Angeles area in the mid-1980s. He had told neighbors he was digging a pit in his house to install a refrigerator; police have now recovered 81 bodies from under the floor and 74 from a field nearby. Police are unsure whether Kataribabo died in the church fire.     Still, there is the question: How could so many killings have been carried out without drawing attention? Villagers were aware of Kibweteres sect, whose followers communicated mainly through sign language and apparently were apprehensive about violating any of the cults commandments. There were suspicions. Ugandan president Yoweri Mseveni told the BBC that intelligence reports about the dangerous nature of the group had been suppressed by some government officials. On Thursday, police arrested an assistant district commissioner, the Rev. Amooti Mutazindwa, for allegedly holding back a report suggesting the cult posed a security threat.     Now, there are calls for African governments to monitor cults more closely. Says Gilbert Ogutu, a professor of religious studies at the University of Nairobi: “When cult leaders lose support, they become dangerous.”1.Why did so may Ugandans die in faith?A Many of them were killed for asking for the return of their possessions.They found the cults leaders had cheated them.C They lost faith in cults.D They are willing to die.2.The main reason of peoples joining the cults isA poverty.insecurity.C AIDS.D fatalism.3.What does Mary Snaide Akatsa prophesy?A She prophesies the world will be flooded.She prophesies the world will be in fire.C She prophesies about the end of the world.D She prophesies he followers should die in faith.4.Why do some Africans reject Christian Churches?A They feel Christianity is dull.They reject Christian Churches as Western or non-African.C They are susceptible.D They are dangerous persons.5.How could so many killing have been carried out without drawing attention?A The cult acted secretly.The government officials did not see through its dangerous nature.C There were no preventive measures.D People were frightened.Vocabulary1.beget                  产生，引起，招致2.cult                  祭礼，狂烈的崇拜（者），迷信，邪教pound                  院子，场地4.strangle                  扼死，闷死5.carnage                  残杀，大屠杀，成堆的尸体6.catechism            教理问答7.prophet                  预言者，先知8.on the run            在逃9.proliferation            扩散，繁殖10.indigenous            本土的，土生土张的11.apocalypse            （基督教）启事（录）圣经新约12.be susceptible            易受人影响13.ravage                  蹂躏，劫掠14.fatalism            宿命论15.apocalyptic            预警16.icon                  （东正教）圣像17.doomsday            世界末日18.Jerusalem            耶路撒冷，喻：天堂19.Kenya                  肯尼亚20.Nairobi                  内罗毕，肯尼亚首都21.mommy                  嬷嬷mother22.repent                  忏悔23.Sikh                  锡克教（信徒）24.defrock                  免去圣职的。这里指：免去圣职的牧师25.sect                  宗教小组26.pose                  提问难句译注1.      the Movement for the restoration of the Ten Commandments of God【结构简析】Ten commandments 十戒，是圣经中上帝再西奈山上给予摩西（犹太人的古代领袖）十大行为的神圣准则：a)      have no other god.b)      Do not make or warship idols.c)      Do not take the word of the lord in vain.d)      Keep the Sabbath holy.e)      Honor ones father and mother.f)      Do not kill.g)      Do not commit adultery.h)      Do not steal.i)      Do not give false evidence.j)      Do not covet anothers property or wife.这十戒为犹太教、基督教的教条。     【参考译文】这是乌干达回复上帝十戒运动头目以上帝的名义在2000年屠杀了924名信徒。2.      the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of American cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives.这是指美国的一个邪教组织人民圣殿教。1978年11月19日教徒在教主Jim Jones的蒙骗或胁迫下在圭亚那集体自杀或扼杀（或强制和下Kool-Aid）或遭袭击而死。人数高达913。此后Jones一词意为残忍的人。杀人的地点就成为Jonestown。3.      they are susceptible to any one who is able to tap into their insecurity.【参考译文】他们易受任何人的影响，这些人能利用他们不安的情绪。4.      drew on features of Roman Catholicism.【参考译文】利用罗马天主教义等特点。写作方法与文章大意     文章以因果写作方法，先提出各种邪教残害的人数，然后一一点出邪教兴起的原因：人民贫穷、艾滋病之猖獗，为宿命论提供了温床。加上邪教头目种种欺骗手段：如世界末日来临利用一些正教教义或以基督、圣母玛利亚的身份出现控制、麻木信徒，一旦欺骗手段暴露信徒就惨遭杀害。答案详解1.      A 许多人由于要归还他们的财产而遭到杀害。答案见第二段倒数第二句，这一对邪教领袖曾预言世界将于1999年12月31日借宿世界末日来临。结果并没有发生，追随者就要求归还他们在入教时献上的一切，而遭到有计划有步骤地杀害。B. 他们发现邪教头目欺骗他们。这只是起因之一，如果发现后不吭声也许不会遭劫。C.他们对邪教失去了信任。D. 他们愿意去死。2.      A 贫穷。主要原因就是穷。答案见第四段。许多专家认为非洲之艰苦生活促使人民在邪教中寻找希望。这些邪教群体之兴起就是因为贫穷。人民没有支柱、保障，很容易受影响。任何人都可利用他们不安的情绪。其次艾滋病在东非之猖獗，培育出宿命论观点，从而帮助预示可怕事情即将来临的思想扎根于心灵。B.不安全。C.艾滋病。D.宿命论。3.      C 她预言世界末日。A.她预言世界将遭水淹。B.她预言世界将烧光。D.她预言她的追随者将死于信仰。4.      B 他们把基督教会视为西方的或非非洲的而拒之门外。见第五段：有些非洲人在把基督教会视作西方的或非非洲的而拒之门外后皈依邪教。A.认为基督教非常沉闷单调。C.他们易受影响。D.他们是一伙危险人物。5.      A 邪教行动神秘。例：第一段中描述的好几百乌干达邪教组织成员死于初看好像是自杀性的火焰之中（自焚），在一个场院诱发现了153具尸体，在搜查邪教头目的房子中又发现了156具尸体，许多埋于房子的混凝土地板下面，还有好几十具从邪教成员家中挖出，其中有些人被毒死。其他，特别是孩子都是扼杀（窒息而死）。共计924人，至少有530人烧死在封闭的教堂里。倒数第三段，乌干达世界末日邪教一个头目免去圣职的牧师，据说80年代中他研究神学，他告诉邻居他在家挖一个地窖放冰箱。现在警察发现地板下81具尸体，附近一场地74具尸体。上述两例都是神秘杀害，至于要归还财产之人更遭神秘杀害了。B.政府官员没有看出邪教的危险性（原因之一）。C.没有防范措施。D.人民害怕。- 9 -