2021届高考英语二轮复习高频阅读词组+练习二十三含解析.doc

2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（二十三）一：词组梳理1 set in设置(小说戏剧等)背景于2 set forth陈述，提出3 in the position of 处在位置上4 in practice 实际上（状语）；业务熟练（表语）5 be（get） out of practice 荒疏，不熟练6 bring（put）into practice使成为现实7 preferto （choose rather， like better） 宁要， 更喜欢8 prepare for breakfast 准备吃早饭 prepare breakfast 作早饭9 in the presence of 在在场的情况下10 for the present（=for the time being， for now）暂且，就现在来说； at present 现在，此刻11 preside over at 主持（会议，业务等）12 prevail over 占优势， 压倒， 战胜13 see about负责处理(弄到、安排)14 see after=look after照顾15 see through看穿，识破16 see too注意，照料，负责，修理17 prohibitfrom （=forbid） 禁止， 阻止18 in proportion to 与成比例19 protectfrom 阻止不受，保护不受20 send away 把打发走21 send for 派人去请(医生什么的)22 send out 派遣，发出(光亮等)23 preventfrom 使不， 防止做24 previous to （=prior to） 在之前25 take pride in（=pride oneself on） 以自豪26 pride oneself on upon 以自豪27 in principle （=only in regard to the main idea） 原则上28 prior to （=before） 在之前29 in private （=privately） 私下， 秘密地 in public 公开地30 show off炫耀31 show up暴露，露面32 stand33 stand by和一起，坚持、支持34 stand for代表35 stand up起立，(观点等)站得住脚36 proceed from （=arise from， result from） 由发出 由引起（产生）37 proceed with （ =begin and continue sth.） 继续进行38 in progress（=in the state of be done）进行中39 be proud of 为自豪40 provide for 为做准备41 set off动身出发，引起42 set out出发(to do)43 set up创立44 send up 发射(火箭等)45 send off 寄出,派遣;给送行，邮寄46 set about 着手干47 set aside存蓄，留出48 set down放下49 showin 带进来50 satnd out显眼，引人注目二：习题训练（A） “While animals cant pick out precise numbers, they can understand that more is more. Interestingly, we know now that numerical（数值的）competence is present on almost every branch of the animal tree of life,” says Andreas Nieder, a neurobiologist from the University of Tuebingen. “Different groups of animals obviously developed this trait（特点）independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”Honeybees, for instance, can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back to the hive. The last common ancestor between honeybees and primates lived about 600 million years ago. But still, they evolved numerical competence that, in many respects, is comparable to vertebrate（脊椎动物的）numerical competence. Also, for example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening for the complexity of their calls, choose the male that sings the most calls.Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for the size of their prey（猎物）: With prey like deer, only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild ox requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves from predators deer tend to live in large herds to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey. So obviously they are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations.Despite these many examples of numerical competence in animals, this subject has not gotten many first-hand studies. “Many of these behavioral findings in the wild have usually been collected as by-products or accidental findings of other research questions,” says Nieder. He argues that more research needs to be done to fully understand the numerical competence.1The phenomenon of animals having their own numerical competence shows that .Aall groups of animals are related in some waysBnumerical competence must have a survival benefitCthe intelligence of animals varies with different environmentsDanimals numerical competence is determined by their adaptability2What role does numerical competence play in wolves hunting?AIt helps them form hunting groups.BIt gives them more options to hunt.CIt makes them discover more prey.DIt offers them new skills to hunt.3How does the author mainly develop this text?ABy listing figures.BBy asking questions.CBy giving examples.DBy making comparisons.4From which is the text probably taken?AA biology textbook.BA health magazine.CA travel brochure.DA research paper. （B）Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a _1_ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _2_ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth _3_ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more _4_ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times _5_ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. _6_ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated _7_ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy _8_ (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The _9_ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are _10_ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.答案及解析A【答案】1B2A3C4D【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述最近一项研究，动物不仅具有理解数字的能力，而且这一能力还对它们的日常生活有着巨大的影响。1推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Different groups of animals obviously developed this trait（特点）independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”以及第二段列举的例子可知，不同的动物群体明显地独立于其他动物发展出这种特殊的数字能力，这强烈地表明它必须具有适应性价值。由此可推知，动物具有的数字能力是为了生存需要。故选B。2细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for the size of their prey（猎物）: With prey like deer, only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild ox requires a pack of nine to thirteen.”可知，如果狼群中狼群的数量与猎物的大小相符，狼更有可能成功捕食:像鹿这样的猎物，只需要大约6到8只狼，而捕猎野牛则需要9到13只狼群。由此可知，数字能力在狼的狩猎中能帮助它们形成狩猎群体。故选A。3推理判断题。根据第二段Honeybees, for instance; Also, for example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. ;第三段Wolves are more和deer tend to live in large herds可知，文章中作者是通过列举honeybees, frogs, wolves, deer这些例子来说明的。故选C。4推理判断题。阅读文章，并根据最后一段Despite these many examples of numerical competence in animals, this subject has not gotten many first-hand studies. 可知，本文讲述最近一项研究，动物不仅具有理解数字的能力，而且这一能力还对它们的日常生活有着巨大的影响，所以本文应该选自一篇研究论文。故选D。 B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。1.考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。2.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。3.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。4.考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。5.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。6.考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。7.考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与相联系。故填with。8.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。9.考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。10.考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。