2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密25书面表达之概要写作含解析.doc

概要写作序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合型任务,测试学生的阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达方面的综合能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要（注意：少于40或多于80词扣两分），而新写的语篇，既要做到在结构、衔接和连贯性等方面与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。【备考建议】概要写作的步骤 ：（一）细读每段文章，画主题句，圈关键词，辨别主次信息在阅读原文时，首先找到该段的主题句或中心句，并圈出重点信息词汇，分清主要信息和次要信息，把修饰成分、细节内容、举例说明等次要信息删掉。（二）用自己的语言，写出该段要点概要写作要求学生用自己的语言准确地转述作者的要点，因此，不要整句抄原文，可以采用以下表达方式：1.替换法：同义词替换；单词替换短语；短语替换句子等2.转换法：词性转换；句式转换；语态转换等3.合并法：把几个信息合并在一个句子中表达；将原文多个简单句整合成一个句子等（三）选用恰当的衔接词，把每段要点串连成篇概要写作要求学生有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要逻辑连贯，衔接自然，结构紧凑。常用的衔接词有：表递进关系besides, moreover, furthermore , in addition, whats more, whats worse, worse still表因果关系therefore, thus , consequently, due to， owing to， thanks to表转折关系however, otherwise, anyway/ anyhow, although，even though 表对比关系similarly, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand表时间顺序关系eventually, finally, gradually , immediately ，afterwards, meanwhile/ meantime, in the meanwhile/meantime表总结关系in a word, in short, in conclusion, in brief, in summary, in general, to sum up, on the whole表情感关系luckily, unfortunately, to ones great joy/satisfaction/surprisePart 2对点解密【真题对点析】1【2020·江苏卷】请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)的对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的文章。Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: Chinas Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.Li Jiang: I dont really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.Li Jiang: Yeah, Its my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. These films can help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food.Li Jiang: I couldnt agree more.【写作内容】1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_【范文】CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: Chinas Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing Chinas past and present.Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.【解析】这是一篇读写任务。【详解】第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。要求阅读中国题材纪录片的对话，写一篇150个词文章。包括两部分。(一)、用30词概括对话内容。(二)、谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。要求至少两点原因。第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，概括对话内容。第二段和第三段，中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。第四段，总结因为电影吸引外国人想来到中国。第三步:确定关键词汇和短语: produced by, providewith, eitheror, be keen on, present , because of, in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.第四步:确定较为高级的句子: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC； 定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: for one thing, for another.第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC； 定语从句的运用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. 状语从句和宾语从句的运用 the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.这些高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力【对点模拟练】1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。New research aimed at understanding the impact of screen time and social media on adolescent brains found in early testing significant differences in brain chemistry for kids who had at least seven hours of screen time a day, compared to kids who used screens less.Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is incredibly appealing.“We know it triggers(触发) the reward centers in the brain.And this is true for grown­ups too, not teenagers and kids, ”Damour said Monday.“We also know that digital technology disturbs things that are important for healthy development, such as sleep, one­on­one interactions that are face to face, learning how to focus on ones schoolwork, physical activity.So we should already start to be drawing some lines around digital technology, just to protect normal and healthy development.”Experts suggest avoiding screen time other than video chatting for children younger than 18 months.For children between 2 to 5 years old, the group recommends limiting screen time to one hour per day with “high­quality programs”.While experts have offered a variety of guidelines for screen time, Damour, recommended parents should start from considering what theyre trying to protect.“So were trying to protect sleep.Were trying to protect family time.Were trying to protect focus.So I think the guidelines should flow from there, ”she said.“Children need a lot more sleep than people appreciate.Elementary school children need 11 hours a night, middle schoolers need 10 hours a night.High schoolers need 9 hours a night.So if we even do that, thats a good guideline.”On February 12, Damour is releasing her latest book, Under Pressure：Confronting the Epidemic of Stress and Anxiety in Girls.She explained, “When high schoolers get phones that disturb their sleep, consequently they go on to have higher rates of depression.”“Social media is just one element of the broad scope of factors parents need to consider that may be causing stress and anxiety for kids, ” she said.【参考答案】Research found vital differences in brain chemistry for kids with different screen times.(要点1)Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is very attractive as the reward centers in the brain are activated but meanwhile digital technology negatively affects healthy development.(要点2)Experts have provided various suggestions for screen time.(要点3) However, Damour suggested parents should take what theyre trying to protect into account.(要点4)Besides, social media is just one of the factors that may cause stress and anxiety for kids.(要点5)【解析】这是一篇概要写作。【详解】写作步骤1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。文章主要说明了研究发现，不同屏幕时间的孩子的大脑化学物质存在重要差异。心理学家Lisa Damour解释说，社交媒体非常有吸引力，因为大脑中的奖励中心被激活了，但与此同时，数字技术对健康发展产生了负面影响。专家们对屏幕时间提出了各种建议。然而，Damour建议父母应该考虑到他们试图保护的东西。此外，社交媒体只是造成孩子压力和焦虑的因素之一。2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：vital differences；screen times；social media；attractive；meanwhile；negatively等高级词汇；Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is very attractive as the reward centers in the brain are activated but meanwhile digital technology negatively affects healthy development.运用宾语从句等高级句式。【真题对点析】2【2019·上海卷】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Where are the bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect._【范文】Bees not only provide us with honey, but also help pollinate crops. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate for unknow reason, which will be disastrous to us and economy. Some people think it is the pesticide while others think it is due to transport.【解析】本文属于环保文章，介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。【对点模拟练】2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It is clear that young people are now renting at record rates, yet the appetite to make a house a home remains equally high. While picking out the perfect color for the living room or putting down new carpets might have been important decorative choices for their parents, young people are increasingly finding more temporary solutions to the challenge of making a rental home look fantastic without annoying their landlords.For some young renters, personalizing a home can come down to affordable, stylish additions. Houseplant sales have increased almost 50% in the US over the last three years, and mass market retailers such as Zara, ASOS and H&M have all recently launched homeware ranges, focusing largely on smaller items like vases, cushions and candles that are easy to be included into an already furnished space.Some businesses are now even offering to equip homes with pay-per-month furniture, with everything from sofas to houseplants up for rent. This gives landlords the opportunity to attract renters with fashionable decorations rather than old sofas and mismatched furnishings, as well as offering renters the opportunity to personalize their own temporary space.“I think that in all industries personalized yet accessible, affordable services are very popular,” says Rhiannon Smith, a spokesperson for plant rental company The Plant Library. “People want things to feel good, without having to think too much about it or pay too much for it. Id expect its a section that will be very popular and continue to grow.”【答案】With an increasing number of young people who intend to customize their living environment of a rented house or apartment nowadays, companies are competing for a market share in decorative item industry, eagerly creating products that cater for their young customers or providing them with a chance to rent housewares. As a result, it benefits both renters and landowners and will be a trend in the future.【解析】【分析】本文属于装饰租房的文章，介绍了年轻租客打算装饰自己的租房或公寓居住的环境的需求日益增长，公司正在推出为年轻顾客创造新产品或为他们提供租用家庭用品，这样对于租客和房东都好，而且这也将成为未来的一种趋势。要求考生阅读完总结文章概要，不能超过60个词。【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落大意，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想给房东造成困扰的现状；第二段讲述了针对年轻租客的需求，像Zara等这样的大公司相继开始出售那种可以在已装修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蜡烛之类的小件装饰商品；第三段讲述了对于现在的情况，市场上现在也有一些可以让房东或租客租用家具之类的生意出现了；第四段通过Rhiannon Smith的话可知，现在为租客提供经济实惠的相关的装修服务很受欢迎。第二步，可以择出重要的信息，年轻租客在定制租房日益增长，给租客提供用来装修租房的小物件或者可租用家具等相关生意出现，且很受欢迎。第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为年轻租客装饰租房，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想给房东造成困扰的现状；第二段讲述了针对年轻租客的需求，像Zara等这样的大公司相继开始出售那种可以在已装修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蜡烛之类的小件装饰商品；第三段讲述了对于现在的情况，市场上现在也有一些可以让房东或租客租用家具之类的生意出现了；第四段通过Rhiannon Smith的话可知，现在为租客提供经济实惠的相关的装修服务很受欢迎； 第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。【真题对点析】3【2019·浙江卷】 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still, dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focuse