2021届高考英语二轮复习题型突击专题16短文改错含解析.doc

专题16 短文改错之记叙文 序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 读文避错Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】英语短文改错是一种综合技能，主要在于检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误以及在语篇中综合运用英语知识准确性的能力。【技巧点拨】1.对全文的宏观把握同学应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上下文有全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。2.注意十大常见错误短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，观察近几年的高考试题以及同学们平常的各种考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误： 01 形容词与副词的误用。如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。 02 名词的单复数误用。如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。 03 代词的误用。如you与your，its与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格（如me）与反身代词（如myself）等的误用。 04 介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。 05 时态的错误。一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。 06 连词的误用。如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。 07 第三人称单数后的动词形式。 08 一些固定结构的误用。如so.that被误用作very.that，too.to被误用very.to，as.as被误作so.as等。 09 定语从句中关系词的误用。 10 一些常用词的误用。如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标I】Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. Not that way， my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didnt tum out as I had wished.【答案】【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做西红柿炒鸡蛋的过程。1.考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。5.考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。6.考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。7.考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为n。8.考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。9.考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the，故在pan前the。10.考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。【强重难词】1. try doing sth. 尝试做某事2. cut . into pieces 把.切成碎片3. put . aside把放一边4. pour . into 把倒进.5. turn out 结果是；证明是【读文避错】（读正确文，注意黑体）Today I tried cooking a simple dish myself. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. My mom told me how to prepare it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces and them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited patiently until/till the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into the pan together. Not that way， my mom tried to stop me but failed. She was right. It didnt tum out as I had wished.Passage 2【真题详解】【2020·全国卷2】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. Im surely youll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.【答案】1.whate后加to3.surelysure4.startstarted5.forbut / yet6.vacationsvacation7.suchso8.去掉on9.yoursyour / you10.soonersoon【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者给他的朋友回信。很高兴听说他的朋友在学功夫，也很期待能和他一起学习中国功夫。1.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.2. 考查固定搭配。句意：我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子，此处come为不及物动词，后接宾语是需加相应介词。come to 译为“来到”是故定短语。故在come 和China之间加to。3. 考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。4.考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。5.考查连词。句意：但我早就不练习了。分析句子，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。6.考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。7.考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so.8.考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。9.考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。10.考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。【强重难词】1. out of practice久不练习2. Best of luck with .祝.好运【读文避错】（读正确文，注意黑体）Thank you for your letter, which really made me happy. Im glad to know that youve come to China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. Im sure youll have a good time. Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacation. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together every day. Best of luck with your learning kung fu in China. See you soon.Part 3专题强化Passage 1【真题自测】【2020·全国新课标III】My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us. For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples. I tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill.But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.【答案】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者的妈妈坚持让全家人吃健康食物，确保每个人身体好。一开始，家人有些排斥。在母亲的坚持下，我充满感激地接受了母亲的好意。第一处：考查固定短语。句意：我的妈妈真的关心我们家庭里每个人的健康。be concerned with关心，该短语是固定短语，所以concerning改成concerned。第二处：考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词，这里表示“我们一个家庭”，所以用单数，families改成family。第三处：考查固定短语。句意：为了确保我们所有人身体好，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。 make sure确保，该短语是固定短语，所以surely改成sure。第四处：考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句，前面in order to作目的状语，不用连词and，所以去掉and。第五处：考查冠词。句意：例如：每天早晨，我的父亲不得不喝一碗鸡蛋汤，然而，我不得不吃一个苹果。泛指“一碗鸡蛋汤”，bowl以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，所以the改成a。第六处：考查时态。根据时间状语every morning，可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。第七处：考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以dont改成doesnt。第八处：考查固定句型。句意：我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加to。第九处：考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。第十处：考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。Passage 2【真题自测】【2019·全国卷】 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.【答案】interestinginterested wherewhen football前面加上a butand hardlyhardsurprisingsurprise playerplayers saysaying nowthe 去掉my【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，喜欢上了踢足球，逐渐成长为一名优秀球员。【详解】1. 考查形容词用法。句意：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting意为“使人感兴趣的”，常修饰物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，常修饰人。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。2. 考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是one afternoon，关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以此处应用表示时间的when。故将where改为when。3. 考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。4. 考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。5. 考查副词。句意为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同，根据语境，此处要用hard。故将hardly改为hard。6. 考查固定搭配。“to ones surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是”，是固定搭配。故将surprising改为surprise。7. 考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。8. 考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语，与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。9. 考查语境。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。“from now on（从现在开始）”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处表示“从那时起”，是from then on，故将now改为then。10. 考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。Passage 3【新题模拟】（2021·江西上饶市·高三一模）I'm a senior 3 student from China. Now I'm here to expressed my thanks to you on behalf my school and myself. I have been studying as a exchange student in my school for a month. The past month has been a wonderful time, during that I have made many friends and learned a lot about American culture. Not only my speaking English, but also my ability to live independent has improved a lot. Thanks for your treatment or the service you offered. Finally, I warmly welcomed you to visit my school. I will be very much glad to be your guide at that time. That's all. Thank you for your listening.【答案】1. expressedexpress 2. 在 behalf后加of 3. aan 4. myyour 5.thatwhich 6. speakingspoken 7. independentindependently 8.orand 9. welcomedwelcome 10. 去掉much【分析】这是一篇发言稿。作者作为交换生代表向在那里学习的学校表示感谢而致辞。【详解】1.考查动词不定式。句意：现在我在这里代表我的学校和我自己向你们表达我的感谢。此处为不定式作目的状语，不定式的结构是to+动词原形，故将expressed改为express。2.考查介词固定搭配。句意：现在我在这里代表我的学校和我自己向你们表达我的感谢。on behalf of “为了的利益；代表”是固定短语。故在 behalf后加of。3.考查冠词。句意：我作为交换生在你们学校学习已经一个月了。exchange的发音以元音音素开头，应用an修饰。故将a改为an。4.考查代词。句意：我作为交换生在你们学校学习已经一个月了。“作为交换生我在我的学校学习一个月”不合逻辑，根据上文“Now I'm here to expressed my thanks to you on behalf my school and myself. ”可知，应是“在你们学校学习”。故将my改为your。5.考查定语从句。句意：过去的一个月是一段美好的时光，在这期间我交了很多朋友，了解了很多关于美国文化的知识。介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，只能用which指代物。故将that改为which。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：不仅我的英语口语，我的独立生活能力也有了很大的提高。动词speak和所修饰的名词English之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故将speaking改为spoken。7.考查副词。句意：不仅我的英语口语，我的独立生活能力也有了很大的提高。修饰动词live应用副词，故将independent改为independently。8.考查连词。句意：谢谢你们的款待和服务。your treatment和the service you offered之间是并列关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。9.考查时态。句意：最后，我热烈欢迎你们来参观我的学校。根据前后文和句意可知，此句应用一般现在时，表示现在情况，因主语为I，谓语动词应用原形。故将welcomed改为welcome。10.考查副词。句意：到时我将很高兴做你们的导游。very much修饰动词，very可以修饰形容词。故去掉much。Passage 4【新题模拟】（2021·贵州贵阳市·清华中学高三月考）Dear schoolmates, It is known to us, we can benefit a lot from learning English well when having a good knowledge of English mean more opportunities in the future. Therefore, some of us dont have much interest in English. One of the causes may be what these students have a poor foundation in English. They sometime find it hard to follow the teachers. In my view, fit into the class, we need to have a good command of English words and grammar. You can listen to an English songs or watch English movies to build up your vocabulary. Besides, try to prepare for lessons before classes and going over what you're told regular. Best wishes to all of you!【答案】1. ItAs 2. whenbecause/ since /as 3. mean means 4. ThereforeHowever 5. what that 6. sometime sometimes 7. fit前面加to 8. 去掉English前的an 9. going go 10. regular regularly【分析】本文是应用文。文章是作者关于如何学好英语的讲话。【详解】1.考查定语从句关系词。句意：众所周知，我们会从学好英语中受益良多，因为掌握好英语意味着将来有更多的机会。分析句子可知，此处应用as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的句子，在从句中作主语。故It将改为As。2.考查从属连词。句意：众所周知，我们会从学好英语中受益良多，因为掌握好英语意味着将来有更多的机会。 结合句意可知，前后两个句子之间为因果关系，应用because/ since /as引导原因状语从句。故将when改为because/ since /as。3.考查主谓一致。句意：众所周知，我们会从学好英语中受益良多，因为掌握好英语意味着将来有更多的机会。 句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；动名词短语having a good knowledge of English作主语，看作第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故将mean改为means。4.考查副词。句意：然而，我们中的一些人对英语没有太多的兴趣。结合语境可知，上下文为转折关系，此处应用副词however。故将Therefore改为However。5.考查表语从句引导词。句意：其中一个原因可能是这些学生的英语基础很差。分析句子可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that。 故将what改为that。6.考查副词。句意：他们有时发现很难听懂老师所讲的。根据句意，此处应是sometimes，意为“有时”；sometime是指“在某个时候”，不符合语境。故将sometime改为sometimes。7.考查不定式。句意：在我看来，为了适应课堂，我们需要掌握好英语单词和语法。根据句意，此处应用不定式作目的状语，意思为“为了(适应课堂)”。 故fit前面加to。8.考查冠词。句意：你可以听英文歌曲或看英文电影来积累词汇。根据English movies，English songs应是复数形式，前面不需要冠词an。故去掉English前的an。查并列句。句意： 此外，尝试在上课前预习功课，定期复习所讲的内容。此处并列连词and连接两个并列的句子；try to是祈使句，going over what you're told也应是祈使句形式。故将going改为go。10.考查副词。句意：此外，尝试在上课前预习功课，定期复习所讲的内容。修饰动词短语 go over what you're told，应用副词形式。故将regular改为regularly。Passage 5【新题模拟】（2021·四川成都市·高三月考）Are students' grades matter of personal privacy? Should test scores be made public?Opinions vary from person to person. I think its good to recognize for the top scorers they will be inspired and keep try to maintain their high grades. There are some disadvantages, therefore, for the low performers. But competition is a life skill that need to be learned to be successful in the really world. The earlier, the best. Regardless of the type of competition, it will keep them motivating. It is not just about winning or losing, but it is also about when they get involved, enjoy the process and improve them.【答案】1. matter前加a 2. 去掉recognize后的for 3. trytrying 4. therefore however 6. need needs 6. really real 7. best better 8. motivating motivated 9. when how 10. them themselves【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了公布考试成绩的利弊；作者强调重要的是如何让学生保持积极性。【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：学生的成绩是个人隐私的问题吗？根据句意，此处是短语 a matter of.“一个的问题”。故matter前加a。2.考查及物动词的用法。句意：我认为认可成绩最高分的学生是好事。recognize为及物动词，后面直接接宾语，不需要介词for。故去掉recognize后的for。3.考查动名词。句意：他们会受到鼓舞，并努力保持他们的高分。根据句意，此处是短语keep doing“继续做”，后接动名词做宾语。故将try改为trying。4.考查副词。句意：然而，对于成绩低分的学生来说，有一些不利之处。前一句提到“its good to ”，后一句提到“There are some disadvantages”，前后两个句子之间为语义上的转折，应用however表示转折；therefore表示因果关系。故将therefore改为however。5.考查主谓一致。句意：但竞争是一种生活技能，要想在现实世界中获得成功，就必须学会（这种生活技能）。 分析句子结构，“that need to be learned to be successful in the really world”是定语从句，need是定语从句中的谓语动词；先行词a life skill是单数意义，在从句中作主语，因此need应用单数第三人称形式。故将need改为needs。6.考查形容词。句意：但竞争是一种生活技能，要想在现实世界中获得成功，就必须学会（这种生活技能）。修饰名词world，应用形容词。故将really改为real。7.考查比较级结构。句意：越早越好。根据句意，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，意思为“越越”。故将best改为better。8.考查过去分词。句意：无论哪种类型的竞争，这都将让他们保持积极性。此处是“keep+宾语+过去分词作宾语补足语”结构；宾语them和motivate之间为逻辑上的被动关系， 因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。故将motivating改为motivated。9.考查从属连词。句意：这不仅仅有关输赢，也关于他们如何参与其中、享受过程并提升自我。根据句意，此处应用how引导宾语从句，意思为“如何，怎样”。故将when改为how。10.考查代词。句意：这不仅仅有关输赢，也关于他们如何参与其中、享受过程并提升自己。宾语从句的主语是they；作宾语的代词与主语为同一对象时用其反身代词形式，因此此处应用反身代词themselves。故将them改为themselves。