2021_2022学年新教材高中英语UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS教学知识细解码学案含解析新人教版必修第二册.doc

UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS1defend vt.保护；保卫；为辩护defence n防御；保卫2evident adj.明显的；明白的evidence n证据；证明3achieve vt.完成；成就；取得achievement n成就；成绩；达到4surround vt.围绕；包围surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境5locate v确定的地点location n地方；地点；位置6legal adj.法律的；合法的illegal adj.非法的7greet vt.问候；迎接greeting n问候；迎接1individual adj.单独的；个别的；独特的；与众不同的 n个人；与众不同的人；有个性的人The competition is open to both teams and individuals.n.个人She has her own individual style of doing things.adj.独特的A teacher can't give individual attention to each pupil if his class is large.adj.单独的2chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的；总的；主要的n族长；酋长；主管人员；(公司或机构的)首领He married off his daughter to the local chief.n首领Don was appointed chief engineer of the project.adj.总的The chief reason for going to school is to learn.adj.主要的3position vt.安装；使处于；确定的位置，找到的位置n.姿势；处境；职位Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.v.安装This put him and his colleagues in a difficult position.n.处境Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.n.姿势Words and Phrases知识要点1join.to.把和连接或联结起来(教材P40)In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。例1The computer has not been joined to the Internet.这台电脑还没有连上网。例2How can we join this island and that one?我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？知识拓展join in参加；加入join sb.in (doing) sth.加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事join the club/army/party加入俱乐部/参军/入党join up(with sb.)(与某人)联合，会合即学即练介词填空We joined point A to point B in a straight line.We plan to join up with the other climbers on the other side of the mountain.Everybody has to join in the training.知识要点2break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40)Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国例1What can we do to help them break away from the difficult position?我们能做些什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？例2It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。知识拓展break down损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚break in非法闯入；插嘴，打断break into破门而入，非法闯入；突然起来break off打断；折断；中断(说话)break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发break through冲突；突破break up分解；分裂即学即练用break的相关短语填空The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.In order to get some money，the man broke up that old machine and sold some parts.The thief tried to break away from the policeman，but he failed.The fire broke out during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.知识要点3belong to属于(教材P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。例1Those books belong to the library but this is my own.那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。例2Anyone has no right to take the land belonging to the state as their own.任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。知识拓展(1)belong in适于；适宜(放在某处)(2)belongings n.动产；财物即学即练单句语法填空The headteacher keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well­educated.Having sold most of his belongings(belong)，he almost had nothing left in the house.The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families belonging(belong)to five nationalities.名师点津belong to用法两注意belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“.belonging to”。知识要点4(教材P40)They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。(1)as well as 同(一样也)；和；还例1We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。例2As well as being a photographer，she is a talented musician.她除了是个摄影师，还是个天才音乐家。知识拓展as well as连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点：(1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。(2)as well as位于句首，相当于besides，in addition to，后接动词时，用动名词形式。(3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和一样好”，well为副词。即学即练单句语法填空/同义句改写Helen，as well as her brothers，has gone(go) abroad already.As well as learning(learn)English，we want to experience life in the USA.Students should develop their own interests as well as do(do) their schoolwork.The child is lively as well as healthy(health)He didn't perform as well as some of his competitors.They visited some factories，hospitals as well as the school.They visited not only the school but also some factories and hospitals.(2)defence n防御；保卫例1In defence of our nation，many soldiers lost their lives.为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。例2The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.这些城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。知识拓展(1)in defence of.为了保卫(2)defend vt.保护；保卫；为辩护defend.from/against.保卫以免受即学即练单句语法填空What was especially important for Tim's successful defence(defend)in the football game?What talking points can be raised in defence of this argument?Students should be trained to defend themselves against/from some attacks.知识要点5surround vt.围绕；包围(教材P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。例1A lake is an area of water surrounded by land.一个湖泊就是被一片陆地包围的水域。例2If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy life，it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with proper emotional support.如果你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。知识拓展(1)be surrounded by.被包围、环绕(2)surround oneself with sb./sth.和某人/某物在一起(3)surrounding adj.周围的；附近的(4)surroundings n.环境即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子When I came to the airport，I saw that the place was surrounded(surround) by police.Steve arrived and sat in the front row，surrounded(surround) by his family.Standing on the top，we admired the surrounding(surround) scenes.She was faced with a new job in unfamiliar surroundings(surrounding)他喜欢结交幽默的人们。He likes to surround himself with humorous people.小片段填空Once upon a time，a king who was polite to surrounding countries，lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings(surround)知识要点6keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意(教材P41)If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。例1Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and a red sweater.你要留心注意一个戴红帽子、穿红毛衣的小男孩。例2Just keep your eyes open and your mouth shut.请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。知识拓展keep an eye on照看，照管；留心注意look sb.in the eye(s)直视别人have an eye for对有判断力/鉴赏力catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的注意即学即练完成句子We've asked the neighbours to keep an eye on (照看) the house for us while we are away.A red pencil­mark on the fifth page caught his eye(引起了他的注意)A good artist must have an eye for colour(对颜色有判断力)Sentence Patterns重点句式1everywhere引导地点状语从句(教材P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。句式分析句中everywhere you go in the UK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于wherever you go in the UK。例1Everywhere they looked，nearly everything was destroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。例2I wanted to save up money and buy my own car，so I applied everywhere I could that summer.那年夏天，我想攒钱买属于自己的车，所以四处求职。知识拓展引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。即学即练完成句子/同义句改写这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。Wherever the film star goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。You can go anywhere you like有志者，事竟成。Where there is a will，there is a wayShe'll wear fine jewellery everywhere she goes.She'll wear fine jewellery no matter where/wherever she goes.重点句式2the way后接定语从句(教材P4041)They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses他们是英语的创始人，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。句式分析句中the way 后为省略了关系词that 或in which的定语从句。例1Do it the way (that/in which) you were taught.要按照教你的那样做。例2I was impressed by the way in which she did it.她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。知识拓展(1)the way 后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用 that，在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。(2)the way 后不能用 how 引导定语从句，但也可以不用the way，而直接用 how 引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The way that this matter can be used depends on its properties.The way which/that was thought of by him of doing the experiment was similar to the way that you carried it out.我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。I don't like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。The way(which/that) he explained to us was quite simple.1(教材P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.分析本句是一个主从复合句，everywhere you go in the UK为地点状语从句，who took over at different times throughout history为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people。译文几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。2(教材P41)The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.分析本句是一个主从复合句，as引导的是一个原因状语从句，that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city，其中现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作名词history的后置定语。译文首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。3(教材P41)If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.分析本句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，that引导宾语从句。译文如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。教材高考1.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(2020·天津卷)The two belong together.2.They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.(2019·天津卷)Amy，as well as her brothers，was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.3.Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(2019·江苏卷)And don't forget：we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking，caving，climbing and cycling.4.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.(2020·全国卷)List all of your accomplishments and achievements.单句语法填空1The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for her great achievement(achieve)2Scientists are puzzled(puzzle)as to why the whale swam to the shore.3He is a clerk belonging (belong) to this company.4Men and women，young and old，were fighting against the flood in defence(defend)of their own homes.5Surrounded(surround)by rows of trees，our library stands out from all the other buildings.6In order to prove that he is innocent，some new evidence(evident)is needed.7I don't like the way that he laughed at me.8The English teacher，as well as the students was singing(sing)a song when I passed the classroom.9The village was used as the location(locate)for a popular TV series.10Parking lot owners should be legally(legal)responsible for protecting vehicles.短语填空join.to.；belong to；break away from；as well as；leave behind；result in；take over；date back to；keep one's eyes open；be similar to1Dating back to 1933，the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.2If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find many beautiful ancient wooden towers.3She took over his work after his departure.4Both groups joined forces to persuade voters to approve a tax break for the industry.5Tom as well as his parents went to Hong Kong to spend the summer holiday.6Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends.7You might learn that haste makes waste if you do something so fast，resulting in mistakes.8As is known to all，cultural relics belong to human beings rather than individuals.9When you go camping，please do not leave behind any trash.10Their school is similar to ours，but ours is much more beautiful.课文语法填空According to the British history，Wales is the first country to be joined 1.to the Kingdom of England，which happened in the 16th century.Later，Scotland and Ireland 2.were added(add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland 3.broke(break) away from the UK，4.which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，whose 5.shortened(shorten) name is “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”The four countries of the UK use 6.the same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However，they also have some 7.differences(different)，like different legal systems.The UK's long and interesting history can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much more 8.enjoyable(enjoy)The capital city London is a great place 9.to start(start)，as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10.dating(date) all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.- 10 -