外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳定稿版.docx

外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态1.一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually 通常, often 常常, every每,sometimes 有时，always 总是,”等词。(2)基本结构:主语I / You / We / They /He / She / It肯定句：主语+ 动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式否定句：主语+ dont + 动词原形 或者 doesnt + 动原一般疑问句(Yes/No) DoYes, I do. No,I dont.Does(动词原形) Yes,he/she does. No,he/she doesnt.特殊疑问句 What do How does she(动词原形)(3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同) 1 一般情况 +s 如:walk-walks2. 辅音字母+y 结尾 去y +ies fly-flies3. 结尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches4. 结尾是 0 +es do-does, go-goes5. 特殊 have-has2现在进行时(1)表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now 现在, look 看，linsen 听”.(2)基本形式: be + 动词-ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating.What are you doingIs he reading(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)一般情况 +ing walkwalking结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing comecoming 重读闭音节 双写最后一个字母+ing swim-swimming run-running 3. 一般过去时(1) 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last 上一个, just now 刚才, many yearsago 许多年前， yesterday 昨天”等词。(2) be 动词的过去式: am/iswas arewere(3)过去式基本结构肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句：主语 + didnt + 动词原形I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did + 动词原形Did you go shopping last night特殊疑问句(wh-) What did+ 动词原形What did you do last night(4)动词过去式的变化: 规则动词的变化:(1)一般动词 +edplanted,watered,climbedliked tied(2) 以不发音的 e 结尾 +d(3)辅音字母加 y 结尾 -y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried(4)重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个字母+edplan planned stop stopped不规则动词的变化:原形 过去式am /is wasdo did原形 过去式are werefind foundfeel felttake tookhave haddrive drovebegin began原形 过去式go wentbuy boughtdrink drankread readput putmeet metmake madeeat ateteach taughtgive gavesing sangcut cut let letring rangrun ranwrite wroteride rodesit satsee sawcome camedraw drewtell toldcarry carried4.一般将来时learn learntstudy studiedget got一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。结构:be going to +动词原形或 will +动词原形例如:Im going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词主格 I we you he she it they宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theris(注:介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。) 三、可数名词的复数形式1.一般名词: + s book books2.辅音字母加 y 结尾: - y+ ies storystories3.以 s, x，sh, ch ，结尾: + es glassglasses; a watch-watches以 o 结尾:1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes2) 无生命的 +s photo-photoes4.以 f 或 fe 结尾: - f 或fe 变为 ves knife knives; shelf-shelves5.特殊的名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice, child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee五、缩略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he ishasnt = he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant=can not isnt=is not didnt=did notwerent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let usIll=I will六、a. an .the 的用法1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach， a “U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg， an hour， an “F”2.the 要注意的:球类前面不加 the，play football乐器前面要加 the，play the piano序数词前面要加 the, the second七、介词1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under2.表示时间:(1)at : 几点前面用 at 如:at six oclock, 没有 day 的节日前用 at 如 :at Christmas,固定词组 at the weekends ，at night (2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时)on Sunday 在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日; 带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如: on National Day(3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用 in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in theevening ， 月份前用 in ，如 in December ;季节前用 in ，如 winter;年份前用 in，如in 1999八、基数词变成序数词的方法1. 直接在基数词词尾加上 th。如:seventh 第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以 y 结尾的基数词，变 y 为 i，再加上 eth。如:twentieth 第二十。3.不规则的。如:first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty-first 第二十一。 九、some /any 的用法1.肯定句中用 some:I have some toys in my bedroom.2.问句和否定句中用 any:Do you have any brothers or sistersHe hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.询问想要什么时用 some:Would you like some juice Can I have some stamps十、 there be 结构1.肯定句(有): There is +单数或不可数名词There are +复数注:遵循就近原则，看靠 there be 最近的2.一般疑问句(有吗,):Is there Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there Yes, there are. /No, there arent.3.否定句(没有): There isnt . There arent.4.there be 句型与 have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句Sit down please.Dont open the door, please.Lets go to the park.(注:祈使句中动词用原形)十二、(情态)动词 can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing.May I come inI must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. Youll be good friends.十四、特殊疑问句1.What 什么(问什么事,什么物或什么工作等)What are you doing, Im reading.What did you do yesterday I played basketball.What are you going to do Im going to do homework.What is that Its a book.What does he/she do? Shes a nurse.What time is itIts seven.2. What colour 问颜色 What colour is your coat Its red.3.when 什么时候When do you get up I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday Its on the 21st of December.4.Which 哪一个Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine.5.Who 谁Who is the man with a big nose Hes my uncle.6.Whose 谁的Whose bag is it Its his bag.7.Where 哪里Where is my penIts under the book. 8.Why 为什么Why do you like summer Because9.How many 多少How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.10. How old 几岁How old is the young man Hes nineteen.11.How much 多少钱How much is the toy bear Its eleven yuan.12.How 怎么样（How long/ big/tall）How do you go to school everyday I go to school by car.How long is the river Its 10 miles long.十五.已经学过的动词sayhelpknowlostliveread runtakesinglistendancetalkwantseedrawbuyjumpmakehelplearnwashcomeswimgivetakesingfallclimbflyvisithaveeatgetcooktellcarryanswerphonetravellikegofindplaymeetridepassskipwatch flyopenwearputcatchwaitsendneed takeusefeel smellshoutworkputtakeget bring speaksit downstand up find outturn right turn left go straight go to school8.Why 为什么Why do you like summer Because9.How many 多少How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.10. How old 几岁How old is the young man Hes nineteen.11.How much 多少钱How much is the toy bear Its eleven yuan.12.How 怎么样（How long/ big/tall）How do you go to school everyday I go to school by car.How long is the river Its 10 miles long.十五.已经学过的动词sayhelpknowlostliveread runtakesinglistendancetalkwantseedrawbuyjumpmakehelplearnwashcomeswimgivetakesingfallclimbflyvisithaveeatgetcooktellcarryanswerphonetravellikegofindplaymeetridepassskipwatch flyopenwearputcatchwaitsendneed takeusefeel smellshoutworkputtakeget bring speaksit downstand up find outturn right turn left go straight go to school8.Why 为什么Why do you like summer Because9.How many 多少How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.10. How old 几岁How old is the young man Hes nineteen.11.How much 多少钱How much is the toy bear Its eleven yuan.12.How 怎么样（How long/ big/tall）How do you go to school everyday I go to school by car.How long is the river Its 10 miles long.十五.已经学过的动词sayhelpknowlostliveread runtakesinglistendancetalkwantseedrawbuyjumpmakehelplearnwashcomeswimgivetakesingfallclimbflyvisithaveeatgetcooktellcarryanswerphonetravellikegofindplaymeetridepassskipwatch flyopenwearputcatchwaitsendneed takeusefeel smellshoutworkputtakeget bring speaksit downstand up find outturn right turn left go straight go to school