外研版必修五module2重点知识与练习.docx

. .单词荟萃adjadj1. _ .令人满意的 _ .感到满意的 satisfyvn使人满意 _ . 满意adjadjn2._ . 充满压力的，紧的 _ .感到压力的 stress .v压力 强调nvadj3. volunteer 志愿者 . 志愿，自愿 _ . 志愿的，义务的vadjadvadv4. direct . 指挥，指导，指路 .直接的，坦率的 .直接地 _ .nn直接地；立即，马上 _ . 指导，指挥，方向 _ 指导者，n主管；董事；导演directory . ()簿adjv5._ . 合格的，称职的 _ 使具有资格，使合格nqualification 资格， 限制条件vnadj6. _ . 冻僵 ，冻住；使呆住 .(物价或工资的)冻结 _ . 极冷的adjn _ .被冻住的，冷冻的freezer . 冰箱vtnn7. _ .签字；做手势示意 . 迹象，征兆；标牌；手势 signature 签名vn8. apply . 申请 ，应用 _ . 申请，申请书vn9. require . 需要，要求 _ . 要求，必要条件vn10. _ . 遭受(痛苦)，经历suffering 痛苦，苦难nadj11._ 个性，性格 _ .私人的， 亲自的 _advn.就个人而言；亲自 person 人.短语检测1尤其；特别in particularon average2平均3. 脱离；坠落；分开4理论上；从理论上来说5实际上；实践中6遵守规则come offin theoryin practicerespect/obey the ruleslive on7靠生活8以为理所当然9经过takefor grantedpass by10对产生影响11志愿/主动做某事12要求某人来，召唤出动13一周又一周14占据have an effect onvolunteer to do sth.call outweek in, week outtake up15适合/有资格做某事16. (未)注意到17申请be qualified for sth./to do sth.take (no) notice ofapply for18作为的回应19休假一天in response tohave a day offbe related to20与有关.佳句再现1Although there is not a lot of traffic,_ the road _ .on average,one vehicle尽管交通量不大，但平均每两周会有一辆车掉下公路。2But often they just _,_ _ .但他们经常只是从他身边驶过，把人体交通标志看作理所当然的事情。页脚 . .3. _ send me more information about thepost(s) available. 如果你们能把更多的有关这些工作的信息寄给我的话，本人将非常感激。4I _ your advertisement for a temporary position asa waiter. 我现在写信应征你的广告，求一份当服务员的临时工作。.词汇学习vi vtn1 offer . & . 主动提出，提议；出价 . 建议；提供；出价(1) offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer sb. sth.offer sth. to sb 向某人提供某物(2) offer money for sth.offer sth. for money出钱买某物要价卖某物【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子He _ me. 他主动提出帮助我。2单项填空Theyve _ us $150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?Aprovided Bsupplied Cshown Doffered【解析】 D 本题考查 offer 表示“出价”的意思。offer sb. some money for sth.意为“向某人出价买某物”，又由“Shall we take it? ”可知 offer 最符合句意。vi2 apply . (to make a formal request)申请，请求；(to have an effect onor to concern a particular person, group, or situation) 适用nnapplicant . 申请人(1)application . 申请；申请书；应用，运用(2)apply (to sb./sth.) for sth.(向某人/某组织)申请某物apply to do sth. 申请做某事应用于某物apply sth. to sth. 将某物apply to适用于apply oneself to sth./doing sth.专心致力于(做)某事【活学活用】(1)Im going to _ . 我打算申请那个职位。?(2)Do the same rules _ 同样的规则是否适用于兼职工人？(3)The new technology _ farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。vt3 require . 需要，要求n(1)requirement .所需要的东西；必要的条件，必备的条件meet/satisfy requirements 满足需要/必备的条件(2)require that sb.(should) do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事require sb. to do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事require sth. of sb.向某人要求某物被做require doing 需要required(3)as required 按照要求reading 指定读物【易混辨析】require, request 和 demand不同点：(1) require 意为“要求”，表示“要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。如：页脚 . .If you are required to do or have something, a law or rule says youmust do it or have it.(2)request(to ask for sth. officially)意为“请求”，表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。(3)demand(to ask for something very firmly，especially because you thinkyou have a right to do this)意为“要求”，表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。(4) require 和 demand 都可以表示“需要”的意思，而 request 无此用法。如：This sport demands patience and strength. 这项运动需要耐力和体力。The matter requires careful handling. 这件事情需要谨慎处理。(5) require/request sb. to dobe required/requested to do；demand to do；demand sb. to do(×)(6) “require 动名词”时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而 demand，request 无此种用法。如：My car requires ( wants/needs) repairing. 我的汽车需要修理。相同点：demand，require 和 request 都可以接 that 引导的宾语从句，并且从句中的谓语动词要用“should 动词原形”形式，其中 should 可以省略。【活学活用】(1)His health requires that _ .照他的健康状况而论，他需要早睡。(2)I requested them _ such a noise. 我请求他们别这样喧闹。(3)The house _ .这房子需要刷油漆。(4)I _ the truth. 我要求知道真相。n v4.demand . & . 要求；需要；查问adj(1)demanding . 要求高的，需要高技能(耐心等)的，费力的；苛求的(2)demand that sb. (should)do sth.要求某人做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand sth. from/of 向要求，向索取(3) in demand 非常需要的； 受欢迎的meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需要(the/a great)demand for对的需求【活学活用】(1) He demands that _ everything. He demands _ everything.他要求将一切都告诉他。(2)“Where are you going？”she _ .“你要去哪里？”她气势汹汹地问。(3)Good secretaries are always _ . 好的秘书总是非常需要的。(4)This is a _ job. So there is _ skilled workers.这是一份要求很高的工作。因此很需要技术熟练的工人。vi vt5 suffer .& . (to experience physical or mental pain or sth.unpleasant )遭受/经历(痛苦等)；吃苦头，受损害n(1)suffering . 疼痛，苦难，痛苦(2)suffer from 受之苦，患之病suffer pain/damage/loss/a defeat 遭受痛苦/损害/损失/失败【活学活用】页脚 . .(1) Your studies will suffer if you play too much football. (英译汉)你要是总踢足球， _。(2)Do you _ headaches?你受头痛的困扰吗？adj6 available . (of things) that can be used or obtained ( 指物)可用的或可得到的；(of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc.(指人)可会见的，有空的【活学活用】(1) _ from the box office. 在售票处可以买到票。(2) _ in the afternoon. 我下午有空。【活学活用】(1)We like to read Lu Xuns essays _ . 我们特别喜欢读鲁迅的文章。(2)He is very _ food. 他吃东西特别挑剔。.短语学习1 in particular (especially)尤其，特别be particular about/over sth. 对某事挑剔；对某物讲究2 pass by (sb./sth.)to go past a person, place, vehicle, etc. 经过(1)passerby n. 过路者(复数 passersby)婉的说法)(2)pass away 去世(委pass sth. down (from sb. to sb.)把往下传,传给后人pass sth. on (to sb.) 把某物传给(某人)【活学活用】(1) Somebody _ asked me the way to the square. 一个过路人向我打听去广场的路。(2) Please _ the other students.请把口信传给其他的同学。3 take sb./sth. for granted 视某人/某事为当然take it for granted that (to believe that sth. is true without makingsure)理所当然地认为【活学活用】(1)Dont _ . 不要把他的帮助视为理所当然。(2)I _ that youd want to come with us, so I bought you aticket. 我理所当然地认为你想和我们一起去，所以给你买了一票。4 take up 占据(时间/空间)；开始从事(爱好或工作)；接受(挑战等)；继续讲/做；站好位置以备take back 承认说了错话；收回某言语；退回down 记下taketake in 欺骗/蒙骗； 吸入； 收留；领会，理解take on 呈现(某种性质、样子等)；雇用；接受(工 作)；承担(责任等)【活学活用】1根据语境选择 take up 合适的意义afill or occupy (the specified space or time)bto become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing itc.to start a new job or have a new responsibility页脚 . .d. to accept an offer, or a challengee. to move to the exact place where you should be, so that you are ready todo sth.f. to continue a story or activity that you or somebody else has begun,after a short break(1) When did you take up gardening? _(2) The little time I had outside of school was taken up with work._(3) Rick took up the challenge and cycled the 250mile routealone. _(4) Ill take up the story where you left off. _(5) Peter will take up the management of the finance department._(6)The runners are taking up their positions on the starting line._2根据语境用 take 短语的适当形式填空(1) Her face _ a fierce expression.(2) Dont _too much workthe extra cash isnt worth it.(3) Youd better _ that remark!(4) He _ his first teaching post in 1990.3单项填空The crazy fans of Jay Chou arrived at his concert hall two hours earlier to_ the front row seats.Atake out Btake off Ctake onDtake up【解析】 D 本题考查动词短语辨析。take up 意为“占据(位置)，占用(时间)”；take out 意为“带出去，领取”；take on 意为“呈现，承担，聘用，接纳”；take off 意为“起飞，脱下，休假”。句意为：周杰伦的歌迷提前两个小时到达演唱会现场，是为了占前排的座位。5 live on 以某物为食；靠生活；继续生活或存在live up to 符合(标准)；不负(盛名)；履行(诺言)live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生【活学活用】(1) Mozart is dead but his music _ .莫扎特人已作古， 但他的音乐作品却万世流传。(2)My salary isnt enough for us _ . 我的薪水不够我们生活。(3)He failed to _ his parents expectations/his principles.他辜负了父母的期望/没有遵守自己的原则。6 call out 要求某人来，召唤出动(尤指处理紧急情况)；大声说出(1)call by/round 顺路拜访，短暂地访问call at a place 访问某地某人call on sb. 拜访(2)call for sb./sth. 去接某人；需要，要求call on/upon sb. to do sth.邀请某人讲话等；号召或促使某人做某事call in 召来，叫来；请来帮忙call sb./sth. up 给某人打/使回忆起、使想起 某物【注意事项】call 的短语较多，也很容易混淆，请根据下面的例句及其短语页脚 . .的英语解释体会其含义，并掌握用法。(1) The army has been called out to help fight fires.军队已经被派出协助灭火。(to ask sb. to come, especially to anemergency)(2) The situation calls for prompt action. 形势所迫， 必须立即采取行动。(require, demand or need sth.)(3) I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting. 我现在邀请主席向大会致辞。(to formally invite or ask sb. to speak, etc.)(4) So I call on all to help those who are suffering. 所以我号召所有的人来帮助那些正在受苦的人。(to appeal to or urge sb. to do sth.)(5) We must call in a doctor. 我们必须请位医生。(to ask for the servicesof sb.)【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)She _ to her father for help. 她大声向她爸爸喊救命。(2)Ill _ you at 7 oclock.我 7 点钟到你家接你。(3)Ive been promoted.This _ a celebration!“我升职了。”“那得庆祝一下！”(4)The sound of happy laughter _ memories of his childhood. 这欢笑声使他回忆起了童年时代的情景。2单项填空Ill _ and see my mother on my way home.A. call onD. call byB. call outC. call at【解析】 D 句意为：我要在回家的路上顺便看看我的妈妈。A、C、D 三项都可以表示“拜访”，call on 和 call at 分别要加人和地点名词作宾语，call by 则不能加宾语，因此 D 正确。.句型学习Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to liveon. 有时候司机们给他一点小费，使他能够维持生活。句型公式“名词to do”，不定式作后置定语修饰名词【注意事项】(1)不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系、主谓关系等。试比较：He needs a room to live in. (动宾关系)他需要有一间房子住。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (主谓关系)总是第一个来，最后一个走。他The meeting to be held tomorrow is about quality education. (不定式的被动语态表示将来的被动动作)明天要开的会是关于素质教育的。(2)当不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能遗漏。I need a room to put all my things in. 我需要一个房间把我所有的东西都放进去。【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子John is a pleasant fellow _ .约翰是一个容易相处的好伙伴。页脚 . .2单项填空I would like to buy an expensive camera.Well，we have several models_.Ato choose fromBto choose Cto be chosen Dforchoice【解析】 A B、C 两项有较大干扰性。根据上文 buy an expensive camera 可以得知导购在此让“我”从 several models 中选一款。to choose from 在此意为to choose one from several models。本句中 to choose from 似乎没有逻辑主语，然而本句相当于 We have several models for you to choose from。.选词填空live on，apply for，pass by，in particular，in response to1. I like many science subjects and _ physics is my favorite.2. You cant _ your parents since you are grown up.3. The man hid behind a tree, ready to attack whoever might_.4. I am writing _ your letter of June 1st.5. Many college graduates would like to _ a job as a teacher.单项填空12010·卷 Had she _ her promise，she would have made it to YaleUniversity.Alooked up to Blived up to Ckept up withwithDcome up【解析】 B 本题考查动词短语辨析。这里是虚拟语气，句意为：如果她履行她的诺言的话，她就在耶鲁大学读书了。look up to 表示“尊敬”；live up to 实践，遵守，不辜负；keep up with 跟上；come up with 提出(办法)。2When getting around in a new city alone, you should take particular_ of the road signs so as not to get lost.Apride Bcare CnoticeDcharge【解析】 C take notice of 留意，注意到。3Old memories are often _ when you hear a particular song or apiece of music.A. called incalled upB. called on C. called forD.【解析】 D 本题考查动词短语辨析。call up 使回想起，符合语境。call in 召来，请来；call on 拜访，号召； call for 需要，要求。4The air is deadly polluted because some factories don't _ therules to protect the environment.Aappreciate Bregard ChonorDrespect【解析】 D 本题考查动词辨析。respect 除表示“对某人的意见、行为、品德及才华等的尊重”外，还表示“遵守某事物”。appreciate 强调“理解并欣赏其价值”；regard 指“十分尊重”，并含有“爱戴”之意；honor 指“公开表示尊重”。由题意可知，“空气被严重污染是由于一些工厂没有遵守保护环境的制度”，故选D。5I am sick and tired of my husband _ me for granted!Akeeping Bmaking CtakingDplaying【解析】 C 本题考查动词固定搭配。takefor granted 想当然地认为62011·卷 Some insects_the colour of their surroundings toprotect themselves.A. take in B. take off C. take onD. take out页脚 . .【解析】 C 本题考查动词短语辨析。take in 吸收，欺骗；take off 脱掉，起飞，成名；take on 呈现，显现，雇用；take out 拿出，取出。题干意思是：一些昆虫可以呈现它周围环境的颜色来保护自己。选 C。其余选项与题意不符。7_in the regulations that you should not tell other people thepassword of your email account.AWhat is requiredDIt requiresBWhat requires CIt is required【解析】 C 本题考查 require 的用法。It is required that意思是“规章制度要求”。it 作形式主语。8If you like, I can do some shopping for you.That's a very kind_.AserviceBremark CsuggestionDoffer【解析】 D 本题考查名词辨析。offer 表示“提议”，而且建议是对方主动提出来的。9That old man was so _ about everything that nobody could pleasehim.Aunique Bspecial Cspecific Dparticular【解析】 D 本题考查形容词辨析。句意为：那位老人对一切都非常挑剔，没有人能让他高兴。此处 particular 表示“挑剔的”。前三项分别表示“独一无二的，独特的”，“具体的，专门的”，“具体的，明确的”。10. I know what we're doing is legal, but _ it doesn't feel right.AsomehowBanyhow Csomewhat Dhowever【解析】 A 本题考查副词辨析。句意为：我知道我们所做的是合法的，但是不知为什么， 总觉得不对劲儿。somehow 意为“由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么地；不知为什么”，符合题意。anyhow 无论如何，不管怎样；somewhat 有点，稍微；however 然而，可是。页脚. .2单项填空I would like to buy an expensive camera.Well，we have several models_.Ato choose fromBto choose Cto be chosen Dforchoice【解析】 A B、C 两项有较大干扰性。根据上文 buy an expensive camera 可以得知导购在此让“我”从 several models 中选一款。to choose from 在此意为to choose one from several models。本句中 to choose from 似乎没有逻辑主语，然而本句相当于 We have several models for you to choose from。.选词填空live on，apply for，pass by，in particular，in response to1. I like many science subjects and _ physics is my favorite.2. You cant _ your parents since you are grown up.3. The man hid behind a tree, ready to attack whoever might_.4. I am writing _ your letter of June 1st.5. Many college graduates would like to _ a job as a teacher.单项填空12010·卷 Had she _ her promise，she would have made it to YaleUniversity.Alooked up to Blived up to Ckept up withwithDcome up【解析】 B 本题考查动词短语辨析。这里是虚拟语气，句意为：如果她履行她的诺言的话，她就在耶鲁大学读书了。look up to 表示“尊敬”；live up to 实践，遵守，不辜负；keep up with 跟上；come up with 提出(办法)。2When getting around in a new city alone, you should take particular_ of the road signs so as not to get lost.Apride Bcare CnoticeDcharge【解析】 C take notice of 留意，注意到。3Old memories are often _ when you hear a particular song or apiece of music.A. called incalled upB. called on C. called forD.【解析】 D 本题考查动词短语辨析。call up 使回想起，符合语境。call in 召来，请来；call on 拜访，号召； call for 需要，要求。4The air is deadly polluted because some factories don't _ therules to protect the environment.Aappreciate Bregard ChonorDrespect【解析】 D 本题考查动词辨析。respect 除表示“对某人的意见、行为、品德及才华等的尊重”外，还表示