2022年高三英语一轮复习标准教案及习题非谓语动词 .pdf

高考英语语法复习专题- 非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（ 1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.( 说明内容 ) be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事) （ 2）带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford 、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish 、want、fail 、plan、agree、forget、like 、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire 等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式： teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（ 3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词see、watch、 notice 、hear 、listen to、observe 、feel 、taste 、smell 、make、let 、have 等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to, 此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth. 主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/ consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done 主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth. （ 4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、 wish 、right、 courage 、need、promise 、time 、opportunity、way、the first、the second 、the last、the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her. 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in. （ 5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there . in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语 ,enough,too, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. I m not such a fool as to believe that.（ 6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear 、be said 、be supposed 、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外， glad 、happy、satisfied、sorry 、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。I m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - I m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。 （ B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（ C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（ 7）不定式的省略。同一结构并列由and 或 or 连接。I want to finish my homework and go home. I m really puzzled what to think or say.特例： To be or not to be,this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比 ) 不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do 时，后面的to 省略。What he did was lose the game. 句中含有动词do 时，but 、except 、besides 、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do, 后省to ”。Don t do anything silly, such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省 to 。Why not、 had better、would rather、cant but等词后省 to 。如：He could not but walk home. （ 8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have 或 be 任何形式，后应该保留原形be 或 have。如：Susan is not what she used to be. You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework. I know I ought to have. 常见的有： I d like / love / be happy to.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（ 1）动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth 。介词后要接动名词。what about 、how about 、without 、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例句解析1. It began to rain. It began raining. 2. It was beginning to snow. 3. I love lying (to lie)on my back. 4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to. 5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now. 1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try 例句解析1. I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere. 1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is. 3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready. 5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday. 2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要mean doing sth.意味着，就是want, require, need 例句解析These desks need repairing. These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined. 1. need doing 需要被做need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done 3. require doing require to be done 4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy. Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her. 原因状语Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note 伴随状语The girls came in, following their parents. 结果状语The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children. 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（2）分词作表语。S. + be + 动词 -ed 表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词 -ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：感官动词动词原形做了某事S+ + 宾语 + 现在分词正在做某事使役动词过去分词做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。（ 1）过去分词作原因状语Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep. = Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep. Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car. =As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. （ 2）作时间状语Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. =When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden. （ 3）作条件状语Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. =If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem. （ 4）伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students. =The teacher came in and was followed by some students. 分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. _such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001) A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered 解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.(2001 年春季高考 ) A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct 解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by 意为“通过，凭”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting 符合。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考 ) A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析 picture 与 hang 之间的逻辑关系。4.“ We cant go out in this weather, ”said Bob, out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 解析：答案为A。本句考非谓与动词作伴随状语。全句合理的句意是：Bob 看着窗外说，“我们不能在这种天气出去”。Bob 在说话的同时在看着窗外，应使用现在分词一般式，表主动和进行。A项正合语境。 B 项不定式表主动、将来的动作。C 项表被动完成的动作（上处不是并列谓语）。D 项表完成的主动动作，均不和语境。5.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 解析：答案为C。全句意为：读书是一种与看电视相当不同的体验，有画面在你的心中，而不是在你的眼前形成。所以本题考非谓语动词，表主动且进行着的动作。人们看书时，读到什么情节或场面，这样的情节或场面便（同时）在心中形成。6.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 解析：答案为B。本题考查非谓语用法。only + to do 常用此结构作结果状语，tell 及物动词， tell之后常带双宾结构，故tell 采用被动形式。基础训练一1. - Can you ride a horse? - No, I never had the chance _. A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how 2. Paul said, Give me a chair _. A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on 3. I ran too fast _ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice 4. - Have you enjoyed your visit here? - Yes, Ill be very sorry_ . A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 5. - Ill help you whenever you need me. - Good. Id like _me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 6. - I didnt hear you come in last night. - Thats good. We tried_ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be 7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _. A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place 8. - Why was the official meeting called? - _ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting 9. - Where did he go? - He went to another store _. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 10. - My baby has a heart trouble. - Did the doctor find it difficult _ ? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 11. - Did the judge ask you many questions? - Yes, and _. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering 12. That beggar seems _ anything yesterday. A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didnt eat D. to not have eaten 13. The lost child desired nothing but _ home. A. go B. to go C. going . D. went 14.That box is_. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry 15. Would you be _ to do me a favour, please? A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind 16. To learn to speak English well,_. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice 17. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 18. Last summer I took a course on _ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 19. The house is not large enough _ . A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living 20. Nobody likes _. A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of 21. I know him _ a good football player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 22. I was surprised_. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 23. Mr. White was seen _ the Palace Museum. A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering 24. I saw Mary _ the house. A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into 25. Paul does nothing but _ all day long. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 26. Now we could not do anything but _ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 27. I dont know her and I dont _ . A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want 28. - Go to the theatre with me, will you? - I should like _, but I dont have time. A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to 29. To play fair is as important as _. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 30. It is the greatest happiness on earth _. A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved 31. _ is better to love than _ . A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved 32. Its very foolish _ it? A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 33. It _ me two hours to find your new house. A. cost B. took C. spent D. used 34. We did not expect our offer _ so quickly. A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting 35. He told her _ there at once. A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get 36. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 37. I really dont know _ . A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim 38. - What do you think about English? - Its a difficult language _. A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken 基础训练二1. Alien said that his trip was _. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest 2. We cant understand _ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 3. I couldnt understand _ at the poor child. A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing 4. Its no use_ with him. You might as well _ with a stone wall. A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue 5. It is no good _ todays work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 6. The old mans _ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have 7. Its very kind _ you _ say so. A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, / 8. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _ . A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing 9. Remember _ the book, when you have finished it. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back 10. You didnt hear us come back last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy. A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being 11. Though he failed, he tried _ it again and again. A. to do B. doing C. do D. done. 12. Youll regret _ those words. You may hurt her feelings. A. say B. to say C. having said D. to have said 13. You can keep the book until you _ . A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read 14. We are looking forward to _ another chance _ it again. A. be given, to try B. give, to try .C. giving, trying D. having, to try 15. Most of the students enjoy_ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 16. Excuse me for _ in without _. A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked 17. People couldnt help _ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing : 18. What do you think of the book? Oh. excellent, its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 19. I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 20. I was too excited _ . A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking 21. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him 23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after