2022年高中英语语法讲解与练习之主谓一致 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载高中英语语法之主谓一致概述： 1) 语法形式上要一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致2) 意义上要一致 ,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义. 1 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数注意 : 当主语由and 连结时 ,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词. The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 B. 注:,在英语中 ,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连 .这样本题主语为一个人 ,所以应选B. 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则总的来说，在由not only but also , not justbut, or, eitheror, neithernor连接主语的句子中及在there be 句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.4 谓语需用单数1) 代词 each和由 every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需单数 . Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 3) 表示金钱 ,时间 .距离 .价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1) 在代词 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.All is right. (一切顺利 .)All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽 ).militia(民兵 ).vermin 等在任何情况下都用复数形式.Are there any police around3)有些名词 ,如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数.A number of +名词复数 +复数动词 .The number of +名词复数 +单数动词 . A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English. 6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1) 用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of 后面的名词 ,代词保持一致.Most of his money is spent on books.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than of 作主语时 ,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致. Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市. 主谓一致中的表里不一 现象和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下1,more than one +名词 作主语时 ,谓语动词常用单数.例如 : More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2, many a +名词 作主语时 ,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如 : Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树. 3,half of, the rest of, most of, all of 及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词 作主语时 ,谓语动词形式根据of 后的名词而定 .例如 : Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all 指人时 ,动词用复数 ;all 指物时 ,动词用单数 .例如 : All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利5,what 引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数 ,相反 ,则用复数 .例如 :What they want to get is the number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.6,and 连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰 ,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如 :No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 书包里没有书和钢笔.7,当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except 等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京. 8,each 作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与 each无关 .例如 : They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9,动词不定式 ,动词-ing 形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如 : Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following 作主语时 ,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如 : The following are good examples 下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics 结尾的学科名词,如 politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数.以-s 结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类 .例如 : Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课. 当以 -ics 结尾的学科名词表示学科 以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点 )economics （经济意义）等12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时 ,前面若有 一条 ,一副 ,一把 之类的单位词,动词用单数 ;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数 .例如 : The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.还有一些以 -s 结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器） .clothes.等13,one and a half +名词 作主语时 ,谓语动词要用单数.例如 : One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果. 14,One or two more + 复数名词 作主语时 ,谓语动词用复数.例如 :One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15,one of+复数名词 + 定语从句 结构中 ,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在 the only one of + 复数名词 +名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载定语从句 的结构中 ,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如 :He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16,表示时间 ,距离 ,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如 : One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱. 以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s 或-es，但是有一些以-s 结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。（一）以 -s结尾的疾病名词作主语，谓语用单数（二）以 -s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题Darts is basically a easy game. 但当 Darts，Marbles 等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。例如：Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw. （三）以 -s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以 -s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名， 如 the United States，the Netherlands 等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如：The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如：The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. 练习1. Neither of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema. A. is ; are B. is ; isC. are ; was D. are ; is 2. All but one _ here just now. All that I want to say _ this. A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were 3. A number of students _ gone for an outing. The number of the students _ increasing year.A. have; has B. is; haveC. has; have D. have; is 4. Some of the oranges _ turned bad. Some of the milk _ turned sour (酸). A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; is 5. Each student -_ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each _ a dictionary. A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has 6. There _ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There _ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. A. is; are B. are; areC. are; is D. is; is 7. Either the judge or the lawvers _ wrong. Either you or he _ to blame. A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is 8. His family _ all very well. His family _ a “ five good” one.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are 9. My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is 10. Our League secretary and monitor _ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor _ good friends. A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are 11. The girl as well as his parents _ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor _ surprised 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载at Mary s answer.A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were 12. Who _ the girl singing in the next room? Who _ these people over there? A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 13. Most of the students _ boys. Most of his money _ spent on books. A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are 14. The policeman _ standing at the street corner. The police _ searching for him. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 15. The glasses _ mine. That pair of glasses _ my brothers.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 16. The news at six oclock _ not true. Those pieces of news _ to be broadcasted.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now. A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is 18. No one but Jane _ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I _ in the classroom at that time. A. know; wasB. knows; wasC. know; wereD. knows; were 19. There _ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _ something wrong with the machine. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are 20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _ never late for school. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 21. What they have done _ of great use to us. What he says and what he does _ agree. A. is; notB. is; do notC. are; does notD. are; not 22. Every picture except these two _. Everything around us _ matter. A. have been sold; isB. have been sold; areC. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are 23. A woman with two children _ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _ moved to Paris. A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has 24. one sixth of our classmates _ from peasant families. One fifth of her time _ devoted to writing. A. comes; isB. come; areC. come; isD. comes; are 25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _ League members. About 40% of Jims income _ to the rent ( 租金 ). A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go 26. It is this teacher who _ leaving for London. It is you who _ next. A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is 27. The population of the earth _ increasing fast. One third of the population here _ workers. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 28. This kind of snakes _ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _ hard to find. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 29. Half of the visitors _ from Europe. Half of the fruit _ bad. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 30. Every man worker and every woman worker _ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _ given a present. A. enjoy; isB. enjoy; areC.enjoys; isD. enjoys; are 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载31. Many a man _ seen the wonderful film. Many men _ seen the wonderful film. A. has; hasB. has; have C. have; hasD. have; have 32. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. Singing and dancing _ two of the things that he likes best. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 33. Such _ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such _ her words. A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; wereD. was; was 34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _ burnt last night. A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are 35. If anybody _, ask him to wait. _ there anything I can do for you? A. come; IsB. come; AreC. comes; AreD. comes; Is 36. Chinese _ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people _ brave and hard working. A. is; is B. are; isC. is; are D. are; are 37. Little _ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _ done to against fight pollution. A. has been; have been B. have; hasC. has been; has been D. have been; have been 38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which _ Taiwan. A. is; are B. is ; is C. are; is D. are; are 39. Each of the girls _ an orange. Each _ his duty. A. have; has B. have; have C. has; has D. has; have 40. When we are to hold the sports meet _ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails _ matter. A. have; don t B.has; dontC. have; doesnt D. has; doest 41. Her clothes _ nearly worn out. His physics _ weaker than others. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 42. Five hundred dollars _ more than he can afford. A. is B. are 43. Food and clothing _ daily necessities for people.A. is B. are 44. The United Nations _ trying to persuade the two countries.A. is B. are 45. Three kilometers _ not a long distance.A. is B. are 46. To say something _ one thing, to do it _ another.A. is; is B. are; are 47. Reading English magazines and novels _ helpful to your study of English. A. is B. are 48. He like you and Xiao Liu _ very diligent.A. is B. are 49. Between the two buildings _ a hospital.A. stand B. stands 50. How to get rid of these things _ a big problem.A. are B. is 答案： 15 ACDAB 610ABADD 1115CCACA 1620CDBAD2125BCACA 2630BACCC 3135BCBAD 3640CCBCD 4145BABAA 4650AAABB 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -