2022年高中英语状语从句用法详细解析.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语状语从句用法具体解析一、 定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、 形容词或副词等；状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用；二、 分类 依据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为：时间状语从句地点状语从句缘由状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句三、 时间状语从句（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：as, whenwhenever, before, after, as soon as, untiltill, since, every time, once. （二）、“ as” as, when, while都有“ 当 的时候” ,可以互用When she was a child. While she was a child. She Lived in Paris. As she was a child. as 有“ 一边 一边” 的意思 He sang as he walked. “ when”When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. I was sleeping when she came in. 动补 When we arrived at the station, the train had left. “ while ”主、从句动作或状态同时发生；用 性动词,常表示较长的时间或一个过程；while 引导的从句用连续While we were having supper, all the lights went out. Please keep quiet while others are studying. While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. 名师归纳总结 when, while并列连问； when和 while 都可用作并列连问,连接并列分第 1 页,共 9 页句； When表示“ 就在 的时候”, while意反而,可是,表示转折；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house. 并列连词引导并列句,意思是就在那时；（三）、主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句是过去将来时, 从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时,从句用一般过去时；1. I' ll call you when I get there. 主句是一般过去时,2. They said they would leave when they got the new. 3. They left as soon as they got the new. Whenever 无论什么时候,随时1. Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music. 每当有人扔进一些垃圾时,它（汽车）就放一段音乐；2. Whenever we' re in trouble, they will help us. 3. I go to the theatre, whenever I am free. 4. Come and see me whenever you want to.你随时来看我；till和 until表示“ 直到 ” 句首多用 until 1、在确定句中表示“ 直到 为止” ,主句谓语动词要用连续性动词；I was waiting until/till he arrived. 2、在否定句中表示“ 直到 才” 主句谓语动词常用终止性动词,这时 until 和 till 常被 before 替换；I didn' t leave till/until she came back. since: 主句用完成时,从句用一般过去时,since 引导的从句间或可用现在完成时；It is two years since I have studied English. 1. We have known each other since we were children. 2. We have been friends ever since since we met at school. 3. It is 一段时间 +since+ 一般过去时态句子；It is two years since my sister married. 一段时间 have/has passed since +一般过去时态句子Two sisters have/has passed since my sister married. Since+时间点名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. I have been at home since three o' clock this afternoon. 2. Maria has been in China since two years ago. *every time, each time, next time Every time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor. Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back. every time 分写不行以合写 比较 everyday adj 日常的,一般的every day 是名词短语,每天,每天 Next time I go there, I will visit them. * once 一旦 就Once you begin, you must go on. 四、 地点状语从句你一开了头,就应当连续下去；地点状语从句用where, wherever引导We should go where the people need us. 地方；Where there is a will, there is a way. 我们应当去人民需要我们的 有志者,事竟成；Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome. 无论他们走到哪儿都受到热闹欢迎；She follow him whose he goes. 五、 缘由状语从句他无论到哪里她总跟着；缘由状语从句用because 由于 ,since 既然, as由于 引导1、 字母由多到少,语气由强到弱；2、 由 why提问必需用 because 回答；Since, as 不回答 why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because 一般放在主句之后；3、 before of + 名词Because of the rain, we didn' t go to the park. 4、 because 和 so 不行连用,只能选其一；（另有although, but）Why didn' t he come to school. Because he was ill. Since I must die, I must. 既然我肯定要死,我肯定这样做；Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5、 for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间；For 所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开；The days we short, for it is December now. * 改错 Because he is ill 改为 that 六、 目的状语从句is the reason why he can' t come. Because目的状语从句用so 常用于口语 , that, so that, in order that引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有 等情态动词；may, might, can, could, should, would1. We' ll sit never to the front so we can hear better. 2. He studied hard so that he might succeed. 胜利；3. I' ll speak slowly so that you can take notes. 便你们能做笔记；他努力学习,以便 我渐渐讲,以4. They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train. 他们赶忙赶往火车站,以便能赶上火车；5.I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier. 6.I' m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat. 我准备早些去听讲座,以便找个好座位；七、 条件状语从句条件状语从句由if, unless, so as long as只需 引导在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）We will miss the train if you don' t hurry. He said we would miss the train if we didn' t hurry. You will fail the exam unless you study hard. if you don' t study hard He won' t come unless he is invited. if he isn' t invited Eat less food unless you want to become fatter. if you don' t want to become better As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed. As long as you don' t lose heart, you will succeed. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 八、 结果状语从句结果状语从句由such that, so .that, so that, that 引导1. such that 的常用句型such +a/an + 形容词 +可数名词单数 +that such + 形容词 +可数名词单数 +that Such+形容词 +可数名词复数（不行数名词）+that 留意 so many much, few, little 名词是惯用法,不行乱用；+名词, such a lot of 或 lots of+She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her. They were such beautiful flower that we bought home. It was such delicious food that they ate it up. 2. so+ 形容词或副词 +that so+形容词 +a/an+可数名词单数 +that He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself. He works so hard that he did everything well. It was so hot a day that we all went swimming. It was such a good day that we all went swimming. 3.so that, that 都可以引导结果状语从句He didn' t study hard, so that he failed the exam. 4.to o to, enough to 可以引导结果状语从句与so that 替换,so that 结构可以用 too to 替换必需具备两个条件, 一是主句和结果 状语从句的主语必需一样, 二是从句中的谓语部分必需含有 cancould not. She is young that she can' t go to school. She is too young to go to school. She isn' t old enough to go to school. 九、 让步状语从句 although, though even though = even if, whether or however = no matter how whatever = no matter what whoever = no matter who whenever = no matter when wherever = no matter where 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - *although和 though 都表示“ 虽然” 只是although 更正式,多用于句首,而 though 用于句中,二者都可与yet, still连用,但不与 but 连用Although/Though they are poor, they often help others. They are poor, but they often help others. Although he has failed many times, he doesn' t give up trying. Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe you. No matter what you say, I don' t care. No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school. However hard he tried, he failed again. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves. 十、 方式状语从句方式状语从句由 as 犹如,依据 ,as if though 引导 *as 和 like 都有“ 像” 的意思, as 是连词,后面连接句子, like 是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语；I did the work as others did. You must do as I do. 相当于 I did like others. as ifthough 两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,但实现可能 性较大,就用连接词；It seems as if/though it' s going to rain. They are talking as if/though they were old friends. She treats me as if I were her brother. When you are in home, do as the Romans do. 例 You must do _ I told you. A. after B. before C. where D. as D The students must do _ the teacher told them. A. as B. before C. after D. if A 十一、比较状语从句比较状语从句由as as, not asso as, than, the+比较级, the+ 比较级引导 He swims as well as you. do He doesn' t swim as well as you do. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He got here earlier than you. did The busier he is, the happier he feels. 英语语法状语从句类型综述状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语；一般可分为九大类,分别表 示时间、地点、缘由、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式；尽管种 类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相像,所以懂得和把握它并 不难；状语从句的关键是要把握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特别 的连接词即考点；现分别列举如下 : 1 时间状语从句 常用引导词： when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特别引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when I didn t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard they saw the guard. 果园 the moment No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2 地点状语从句常用引导词： where 特别引导词： wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3 缘由状语从句常用引导词： because, since, as, since 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 特别引导词： seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4 目的状语从句常用引导词： so that, in order that 特别引导词： lest, in case, for fear that the purpose that, to the end that ,in the hope that, for The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5 结果状语从句常用引导词： so that, so that, such that, 特别引导词： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It s such a good chance that we must not miss it. t sleep To such an degree was he excited that he couldnlast night. 6 条件状语从句常用引导词： if, unless, 特别引导词： as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 7 让步状语从句常用引导词： though, although, even if, even though 特别引导词：as 用在让步状语从句中必需要倒装 ,while 一般用在句首 ,no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很敬重他,我却不同意他的建议；The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He wont listen whatever you may say. 8 比较状语从句常用引导词： as 同级比较 , than不同程度的比较 特别引导词： the more the more ; just as , so ; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 之于机器；9 方式状语从句常用引导词： as, as if, how 特别引导词： the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. 食物之于人,犹如油Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页