2022年高中英语UnitEarthquakes知识点总结.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、重点词汇 burst 高中英语必修 1（人教新课标） Unit 4 Earthquakes ·原文再现 the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 一些建筑物里的水管爆裂；·基本用法burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 The bag was so full that it burst open. 袋子那么满,都涨裂了； I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己兴奋得心花怒放；·学问拓展其他词性 burst n. 突然破裂；爆发 I got a big shock by the burst of tyre. 我被轮胎的爆裂声吓了一跳；相关短语 burst out 突然发生,突然说出 burst into 突然 起来 burst in 闯入 burst open 猛然打开 be bursting to do 期望做,急着要做 at aone bust 一阵,有口气,一下子be bursting with 布满 destroy ·原文再现 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在他们看过的每个地方的东西都被破坏了；·基本用法 destroy v. 破坏；毁坏；毁灭 An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一颗原子弹能摧残一座城市；·学问拓展 - 词义辨析： destroy/ruin/damage 这些动词均有“ 破坏,损坏” 之意； destroy:destroy 多指完全地、毁灭性地破坏,含导致无用,不能或很难再 修复的意味； ruin:ruin 多指因外部缘由而受到严峻破坏或毁灭,侧重破坏的完全性,也 可用于引申意义； damage:damage多指对无生命物体的损害, 造成降低价值、 破坏功能等后果； shock ·原文再现 People were shocked. 人们感到很震惊；·基本用法shock 度比 surprisev. 震惊；使震惊,使产生厌恶心情（宾语为人）,表示惊讶的程 剧烈； His teeth shocked against each other. 他的牙齿直打颤； It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children. 看到邻居们如何对待他们的孩子,我感到震惊；·学问拓展 相关句型 / 结构 be shocked at doing sth. 由于做某事而震惊 be shocked to do sth. 由于做某事而震惊 I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她去世的消息特别震惊； He was shocked to hear his child swearing. 他听见他孩子骂人特别愤怒；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 相关单词 shock n. 震惊；打击；休克；电击,既可以作可数名词,也可以作不行数 名词； She died of shock following an operation on the brain. 脑手术后她死于休克； bury ·原文再现 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组织了团队救出陷入困境的人们并把已经死亡的人们掩埋；·基本用法 bury v. 掩埋；掩埋；隐匿 They helped the child bury his father. 他们帮那个孩子掩埋了他父亲； The paper was buried under a pile of books. 那份文件被掩藏在一堆书下面；·学问拓展 - 相关短语be buried in/bury oneself in 埋头于 ,用心于 He was sitting with his head buried in a book. 他坐着埋头看书； dig out ·原文再现 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组织了团队救出陷入困境的人们并把已经死亡的人们掩埋；·基本用法 dig out 意为“ 掘出；发觉” ；如：The truth was dug out. 真相被查明白；·学问拓展 - 相关短语 dig down 挖倒名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - dig in 掘土以渗进（肥料等）；开头细致地工作 dig at 讥笑,讥讽 dig for 挖掘；搜集（资料、事实等） dig into 钻研；掘进去 dig up 掘起；挖出 right away ·原文再现 you must leave it right away. 你必需立刻离开；·基本用法 right away意为“ 立刻,立刻” ,相当于right off, at once, immediately, in no time；如：He has arrived at the station. Please pick him up right away. 他已经到了车站,请立刻开车去接他； He asked us to go there right away. 他要求我们立刻去那儿； Hearing the news, they left right away. 听到那个消息,他们立刻就走了；注： right now 既可表示“ 立刻,立刻” ,也可表示“ 就在现在” ； congratulation ·原文再现 Congratulations. 庆贺你！·基本用法 n. congratulation 庆贺；（复数）贺词,常用复数形式, 且常与介词连用；（复数形式： congratulations） a matter of congratulation 可喜可贺的事 I offered my congratulations on his success. 我庆贺他取得了胜利； judge ·原文再现名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, 五位裁判员都听了你的演讲 ·基本用法 n. judge 裁判员；法官； v. judge 判定,判定,判决,谈判；Dont judge a person/book by his looks/its cover.不要以貌取人（不要由外表作出判定）；·学问拓展相关单词 n. judgment 判定力,判决；相关短语 make a judgment about 对 作出判定 pass judgment on 判决 judging by/from 依据 来判定 Judging by/from his accent, he must be from Guangdong. 从他的腔调判定,他肯定来自广东； express ·原文再现I would like to express my thanks to我要向 表达我的谢意；·基本用法 v. 表示；表达The old woman expressed her thanks to us. 那位老妇人对我们表示感谢；·学问拓展相关单词 n. expression 词语；表示,表达,表示“ 词语” 时,是可数名词, 表示“ 表示,表达” 时,是不行数名词； adj. expressive 富有表现力的；相关短语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - express oneself 表达自己的思想感情express as 把 表示为 express in 用 / 以 表示 二、重点句型 All hope was not lost. 并不是全部的期望都破灭了；·基本用法该句相当于“Not all hope was lost.” ,为不完全否定,可称为部分否定；1. 当 not 与 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及“every+名词” 显现在同一个句子时,不管 not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定；如： All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并不都是金子； 2. 当表示完全否定意义时, 英语中常用 no, none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither 等词与确定式谓语连用来表达；如： None of these things are mine. 这些东西都不是我的； Nobody agrees with you. 没有人同意你； It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日！·基本用法 as if/though 意为“ 似乎；似乎” ,引导表语从句；如：It seems as if the meeting never ended. 会议似乎没完没了；注： as if/though引导从句时,其主句的谓语动词多为look, seem, taste, smell, sound等词；如从句内容是客观事实,从句使用陈述语气；如从句内容与事实相反,就从句要用虚拟语气；名师归纳总结 “ as if/though+从虚拟情形从句时态第 6 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 句” 表示虚拟与现在事实相反一般过去时与过去事实相反 过去完成时 To the north of the city, mines there. most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal 在城市的北部,一万名矿工中的大多数从那儿的矿井中被救出；·基本用法句中 to the north of 意为“ 在 的北边（部）” ；表示方向或防伪的名词之前一般加定冠词 the ,但方向名词短语用在倒装结构的句首时,其冠词连同前面的介词一起省去；注： in, to, on In 表示“ 在其中” ,在境域内；to 表示“ 向” 的意思,在境域外；on 表示与境域相接；如： Japan lies in the east of Asia. 日本在亚洲东部； Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面； China faces the Pacific on the east. 中国东临太平洋； As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty years ago. 正如你所知,三十年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子；·基本用法As 一句中 as you know 是以 as 引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰整个句子；般用于一些固定句型中,如 be announced/expected/known/imagined/pointed/said/reported/shown 等被动结构,或 as usually happen, as be often the case 等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时,仍有 as you see/hear/know 等结构中；三、重点语法定语从句 I ·定义1. 定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；代词；而定语从句的位置常它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面；在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句 之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体, 或是构成一个名词短语； 或是构成一个代词短语；但从结构上说,关系词与从句是一个整体； 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中 充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等；常见的关系代词有：who, whose, whom, that, which；·用法 1. 关系代词 who, whom和 whose 的用法 who 代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语；如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人； I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永久不会遗忘在高一时教我们化学的那位老师； Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必需先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历； whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略；如： Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday. 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你熟悉吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的同学； The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽； （在非正式英语中, 主格 who代替了宾格 whom,亦可省略） whose 一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是全部格,在定语从句作定语；如： The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女同学过去在国外留学； Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗？（关系代词 指代先行词 hotel ,正式用法应whose该用 of which ； whose window=the window of which of the hotel；）,意思是： the window 2. 关系代词 which 的用法： which 代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾 语时仍可省略；如：I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜爱有不幸结局的小说；（which 可以换成 that ）Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作；（which 可以换成 that ）3. 关系代词 that 的用法： that 既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指 物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时仍可省略；如：Is she the girl that sells newspapers. 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that 可以换成 who）Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge. 放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了？（that 可以换成 which）Is this the book that you want to buy. 这是你要买的那本书吗？ （that 可以换成 which,在定语从句作宾语, 仍可 以省略）4. as 在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 常用于两种情形：代替前面的整个句子；当先行词是 such,the same 或先行词被 such, the same 修饰时；如：（作宾语）As we expected, our class won the match. As is known to everyone, Edison discovered electricity. （作主语）5. 只用 that 不用 which 引导定语从句的情形1. 先行词为不定代词时, 如 all, much, little, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, no one 等；如：I have said all that I want to say. 2. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰或本身就是最高级、序数词时；如：This is the best film that has been shown in the city. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, just, all, every, no, little, few, any 等修饰时；如：The is the very book that I want to buy. 4. 先行词既有人又有物时；如: They talked about the men and the things that they saw. 5. 当主语是以 which 或 who开头的疑问句时；如：Who is the man that is reading over there. 6. 先行词作主句的表语时；如：China isn t the country that it used to be.7. 主句是 there be 结构时,修饰其主语的定语从句用 that 引导；如：There is a table in the corner that is folded away. 6. 只用 which 不用 that 引导定语从句的情形：1. 当关系代词前有介词时；如：This is the house in which he once lived. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句时；如：Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 3. 一个句子中有两个定语从句时,为防止重复,一个用that ,另一个用which ；如：He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill time. 4. 先行词本身是 that 时；如： The clock is that which tells the time. 7. 关系代词 as 的用法名师归纳总结 1. 可位于句首（中、尾）,位置敏捷：等结构：第 10 页,共 11 页2. 常作主动语态的宾语；3. 常作被动语态的主语；4. 常用于 be knownexpected, announced, reported, shown5. 只能指代主句整个概念,不能指代单个先行词；等连用；6. 可以引导（非）限制性定语从句；7. 引导限制性定语从句时,常和the same, such, so, as- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8. the same as 指不同的人或物, the same that指相同的人或物；9. as 不用于引导否定的定语从句；建议 ：在搜寻相关题目时,可以输入关键词“that ,which,who,whom,whose” ；名师归纳总结 高考不提分,赔付1 万元,关注欢乐学明白详情；第 11 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -