2022年高中英语作文句型--倒装句型.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语作文专题-倒装句 老师版 主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序 语序 Inverted Order ；Natural Order ； 二是主语在谓语之后就称为倒装而倒装语序中又有完全倒装Full Inversion 和部分倒装Partial Inversion 完全倒装 Full Inversion :又称 " 全部倒装 ",是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之 前；此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时；部分倒装 Partial Inversion :指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前 , 而谓语动词无变化；假如句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,就需添加助动词 do, does 或did,并将其置于主语之前；英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装 倒装；,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的前一种情形 ,倒装是必需的 ,否就就会显现语法错误;后一种情形 ,倒装是挑选性的,倒装与否只会产生表达成效上的差异；一完全倒装句型here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away 等副词放在句首,句子需要全部倒装,全倒装句型公式是： 特别词+ 谓语+ 名词主语；留意代词主语不行以倒装；特别词包括up, down, here, there, now, then, in, out, away 等等；例句：There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了 . Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了；Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了；Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了；二部分倒装句型部分倒装句型公式是：否认词 +助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + ,留意主语无论是代词或者名词都可以倒装；否认词包括 not, no, hardly, barely, scarcely, few, little,seldom 等等, 例句：Seldom did he talk about his past. 他很少谈论他的过去；Hardly had I gone out did it begin to rain. 我刚出门,就开头下雨了；Not a single word did he say about this incident. 关于这个大事他没有说一个字；语义解析一、 表示强调 : 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞成效就是强调 ,其表现形式如下 : +状语或状语从句置于句首 ,句子用部分倒装；例子 : Only in this way can you solve this problem. 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 只有用这种方法 ,你才可以解决这个问题； Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误； 2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more, no longer,not, not only, no sooner, not only but also,not until等具有否认意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装； 例子 : No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨； Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班； Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉； 3. so / such.that 结构中的 so 或 such 位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和 that 之间的部分；例子: So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱 ,令每个人都瞠目结舌； To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了；以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序剧烈,因而具有极佳的修辞成效；二、 承上启下1.为了防止句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用 "so+be 动词助动词、情态动词+主语 "或"neither/nor + be 动词助动词、情态动词+主语 "的倒装句式；其中第一个句式表示 "与前面所述的确定情形相同 " ,其次个句式表示 "与前面所述的否认情形相同 "； 例子 : A:His brother is not a college student; B:so is mine.nor is mine . A: 他弟弟不是高校生,B:我弟弟也是； 我弟弟也不是； A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.neither did I. A: 他曾去国外深造过；B:我也去过； 我也没有； A:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.neither can his wi fe . A:我的一个伴侣会说三门外国语；B:他的妻子也会；他的妻子也不会； , 2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清晰,连接更加紧密 ,起到承上启下的作用；例子 : They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧房,发觉他躺在地板上死了；一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上；We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remai n. 我们的确不应由于被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平；我们的确是穷光蛋,而且仍会连续是穷光2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 蛋；三、 制造悬念 ,渲染气氛在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调 ,作者经常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛；如朗费罗 Longfellow 雪花中的一节: Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow, Descends the snow. 在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装；在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语 ,状语连续显现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应；全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术成效；四、 平稳结构英语修辞的一个重要原就是尾重原就,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡；在语言使用中为了防止产生头重脚轻、结构不平稳的句子 ,我们常采纳倒装语序； 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头 :当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时 ,为了使句子平稳 ,常将状语置于句首 ,句子用完全倒装语序；例子 : the coal mine came a company of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工； A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去；,读起来自然流畅,而采纳自然语序从例句中可看出, 采纳倒装语序的A 句结构平稳稳妥的 B 句结构零乱 , 读起来也别扭； 因而 ,在主语较长时采纳倒装语序以取得抱负的表达成效； 2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前； 例子 : Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子； 3. 以副词 here , there 开头的句子 ,也采纳完全倒装来保持句子平稳；例子 : Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 五、 使描写生动你希望已久的信在这儿；有时为了使表达或描画更加生动形象 ,增加语言成效 ,可将表示方向的副词如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等或拟声词 bang, crack 等置于句首 ,句子采纳全部倒装的语序 主语为人称代词的句子除外 ； 例子 : Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了； Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去；Boom went the cannon. 轰隆一声大炮开火了 . Bang came another shot. 砰.又是一声枪响 . 以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采；但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以表达得更为清晰；“Stop thief. Stop thief. There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, . Away they run, pell mell, helter skelter, yelling screaming, . “Stop thief . Stop thief . ” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, . Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. Dickens 作者在第一段和其次段中分别用副词away, up 和 out 位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people；从而制造出一种紧急、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧急、纷乱的捉贼场面；倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段；倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达 ,明白并把握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的观赏才能 , 对英语表达才能的提高也将大有裨益；因此 ,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力；结构解析一、含有否认意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装某些表示否认意义的副词或副词短语位于句首,表示强调, 句子要求用倒装结构；常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never,seldom , rarely, no soonerthan, hardly scarcely barelywhen,no,little ,nowhere,not, hardly,no longer , not until ,not only but also 等等；1、never,rarely ,seldom 位于句首,用于进行"比较 ",句子要求用倒装结构；例如： Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power2、no sooner than,hardly scarcely barely when 位于句首,表示一件事紧接 着另一件事发生,句子要求用倒装结构；例如：Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to clean Scarcel y had it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home 3、在由 neither,nor 开头、引导的表示"前面所说的情形也适用于另一人或事物"的句子中,要求用倒装结构,neither, nor 为 "否认的附和 "；例如：The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet ,and neither had the chairsI could not persuade him to accept it ,nor could I make him see the importance of it 但是, neither 用作主语或主语的一部分时,不用倒装结构；例如：Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasingNeither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted4、含有 not until 的强调句,假如not until 位于句首,句子要求用倒装结构,假如是主名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 从复合句,倒装结构显现在主句中；例如：1Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground 2Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation 5、其他表示否认意义的副词或副词短语位于句首,句子要求用倒装结构；例如：1Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources 2Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country 6、含有 "no" 、表示否认意义的介词短语位于句首,句子要求用倒装结构；常见的这类 介词短语有： at no point 决不,at no time,by no means,in no case, in no circumstances,in no sense,in no shape,in no way , in no wise, on no account,on no consideration,under no circumstances,in no time马上,in vain白费,not once,still less 等等；例如：1）We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs 2At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first 二、其他副词引起的倒装在以以下副词及连接词开头的句子中,要求用倒装结构； 常见的副词有： only ,so, here,there,now,often,then,down,out, in,up,hence,thus,well ,off ,away,twice , gladly ,many a time 等等；1、在由 only 开头的句子中,结构；例如：only 后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句,要求用倒装1Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard2Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests 假如 only 在句首,但是 结构；only 后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句,就不用倒装2、在由 so 开头、引导的表示 " 前面所说的情形也适用于另一人或事物"的句子中,要求用倒装结构,so 为"确定的附和 "；例如：John had been working hard and so had his brother 3、由 there 引起的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：1The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform 4、由 there 或 now 引起的句子、 谓语为 comego的句子,要求用倒装结构； 例如：1There comes the bus5、由 here 引起的句子、谓语为2Now comes your turn be 的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：1Here are some good newly-published novels 2Here is China's largest tropical forest 但是,假如主语是人称代词时,由 here 和 there 引出的句子也不用倒装结构；例如：1Here we are2Here you are6、由 then 引起的句子、谓语为comefollow 的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1Then come wind ,hail and frost 2Then came a new difficulty 7、由 often 引起的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：Often did we warn them not to do so 三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装1、在含有 were,had,should 的虚拟条件状语中,假如省略了连接词 if ,要求用倒装结 构；例如：1Were she to leave right now ,she would get there on Sunday2Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow ,we should have a wonderful dinner party 3Had he worked harder ,he would have got through the exams 2、在表示希望的句子中,往往要求用倒装句；经常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置 于主语前面,表示希望；例如：1May this book in a small way help to improve your English2Long live friendship ！四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装在比较状语从句中,假如主语不是人称代词,经常可以在主语前添加助动词 dobe代替前面显现过的动词；这时,比较对象放在这个 式；dobe后面,形成一种部分倒装的形1）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others2The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years ago 3The more you explain, the more confused I am. 在由 no matter how,however 和 how 引导的方式状语从句中,其移至主谓语之前,而形成部分倒装；例如：其后的形容词、 副词应随1However hard he tried ,he still failed in the entrance exam 2No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early 五、在由 "soadv adj that" 和"such that" 引出的结果状语从句中,要求用倒装句；例如：1So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed2So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape3So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him 六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分,往往可以用倒装结构；例如：1A very capable young man he is 2Standing beside the table was an interpreter七、在感叹的句子中,往往要求用倒装句；当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语,而补语又被 结构；例如：what 或 how 修饰时,要求用倒装6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1What a great project it is ！2How beautiful these hills look with the clouds behind them ！练习 一、将以下中文翻译成英文；1她这么自私,没有人喜爱她；2只有在失去自由之后,人们才知道自由的珍贵；3他一点也不明白自己多么幸运；4现在是我们植树的大好时机；5任何时候你都不应把个人利益放在首位；6这就是我们刚接到的电报；7直到最近我才有点知道导弹是什么样；8他声音那样大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见；9我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做；10他仍没有全说完,就有人起来驳斥他的观点；二、运用倒装句型改写句子；1Following the roar, a tiger rushed out from among the bushes. 2 A tall policeman stood at the far end of the room. 3 Quite a number of small hydro-electric power stations are scattered in the mountains. 4 He would not give up writing his satires under any circumstances. 5 A lasting peace will be established in the area only if both sides accept the agreement. 6 He became confused to such a degree that he didnt know where he was.7 He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. 8 I didnt have any idea what a guided missile was like until recently.9 We do not believe their nice works, and we are not intimidated by their bluster. 10 A layer of air of unknown thickness is surrounding the earth. 11 You cannot hear so many languages spoken anywhere else in the world. 12 This instrument has never been adequately tested by any properly qualified technician. 13 He looked so absurd that everyone stared at him. 14 She knows little of what goes on behind the scenes. 15 He agreed to our plan only after a long argument. 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 参考答案一、将以下句子译成英语的倒装句1 So selfish is she that no one likes her. 2Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 3Little did he realize how fortunate he was. 4Now is the best time for us to plant trees. 5At no time should you place your personal interest first. 6Here is the telegram we have just received. 7Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 8So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 9Often did we warn them not to do so. 10Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his views. 二、运用倒装句型改写句子；1 Following the roar, our rushed a tiger rushed from among the bushes. 2 At the far end of the room stood a tall policeman. 3 Scattered in the mountains are quite a number of small hydro-electric power stations 4 Under no circumstances would he give up writing his satires. 5 Only if both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in the area. 6 To such a degree did he become confused that he didnt know where he was.7 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 8 Not until recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 9 We do not believe their nice works, nor are we intimidated by their bluster. 10 Surrounding the earth is a layer of air of unknown thickness. 11 Nowhere else in the world can you hear so many languages. 12 By no properly qualified technician has this instrument ever been adequately tested. 13 So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him. 14 Little does she know of what goes on behind the scenes. 15 Only after a long argument did he agreed to our plan. 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页