高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解 (2).docx

浙江省台州市2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编阅读理解浙江省台州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量评估英语试题第一节（共10小题；每小题2. 5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该答案涂黑。ACollin was lying on his back when his sister, Mary, came in. From her red eyes, Collin could tell she felt homesick again.Their family had moved to the Moon nearly four months ago. It still didnt feel like home. The houses were cosy, but outside everything was gray and rocky and lifeless. There was even no weather there at allno rain or snow or even wind.“I miss everything, even the sound of rain on the roof,” Mary said sadly. “Worst of all, my birthday is in two days, and I dont think Mom and Dad are planning anything special.”Shes probably right, thought Collin. Life on the Moon was busy for scientists like their parents. He doubted if they had time to plan a party. If there was no party, maybe he could give his sister a gift. However, with limited room in their transport ship, each child had been allowed to bring only two toys from the Earth. Where could he find the gift?The next day, as Collin wandered toward the agricultural center, he found some bamboo plants, which made good building materials. An idea flashed across his mind. He took a piece of bamboo plants, made tiny holes into it, then poured a handful of Moon cobblestones inside and sealed the open ends.When it was done, Collin hurried home, holding the bamboo piece carefully. On seeing his sister, Collin said, “I have a present for you.” He handed his sister the bamboo stick. “Happy birthday!”“What is it?” Mary asked, looking at it curiously.“A rain stick,” said Collin. “Whenever you turn it over, the Moon cobblestones fall inside and it sounds like rain.”Mary turned the stick, and the room was filled with a sound like rain drumming on a roof.“Its Moon rain!” she said. “It makes me feel like Im home.” She smiled at Collin and turned the rain stick over again.1. According to the text, what do we know about the Moon?A. Life there is busy.B. Its weather is changeable.C. Living space there is limited.D. Its surroundings are dull.2. Why was the bamboo-made rain stick a delight for Mary?A. It created a rain scene.B. It was her dream birthday gift.C. It alleviated her homesickness.D. It was made of good materials.3. Which of the following can best describe Collin?A. Curious and careful.B. Caring and skillful.C. Creative and enthusiastic.D. Sensitive and knowledgeable.BEvery day, across the United States, there are people sitting in towers more than 100 feet in the air alone, scanning the distance for signs of smoke. They are fire watchers, also known as our eyes in the sky.What is it like to be a fire watcher? Peter Naumann, a former fire watcher, tells about a typical day. “Id get up at 5:30, eat a quick breakfast, and scan the area for smoke once every hour.” Other duties include reporting to headquarters twice each day, cutting firewood and so on. Aside from these required routines, a fire watcher should have hobbies and like reading, which helps pass the time.While it might sound like a quiet life to some, at any moment, an adventure could begin. “Rainstorms and thunderstorms were a tough time. I had to be awake all through, looking for where the lightning was striking,” says Naumann. Sometimes, fire watchers also need to act as backcountry dispatchers(调度员). For example, Naumann once aided in the rescue of an injured horse rider.It may seem surprising that the life of a fire watcher is very much the same all these years. Even much of the technology used in the early days is still used today. For example, the Osborne Firefinder is a tool that gives compass headings for fire locations. This tool has been in use for nearly 100 years. Today, fire watchers have the added help of spotter planes, helicopters and satellite imaging.With more and more new technology, why do we still need fire watchers? “Ideally, you should have someone who knows the land features and the weather conditions,” says Naumann. Also, fire watchers are able to see things that satellite imaging cannot, such as the difference between cloud-to-cloud lightning and ground strikes.So the fire watchers still hike to their posts each fire season. Why? They are our eyes in the sky.4. What do fire watchers do while on duty?A. They read books to pass the time.B. They inspect the area regularly.C. They take on rescue work to seek adventure.D. They carry out multi-tasks frequently.5. Why is Osborne Firefinder mentioned in paragraph 4?A. To list the added help fire watchers have got.B. To stress the importance of using technology.C. To give an example of how skilled fire watchers are.D. To show the little change in fire detecting technology.6. What accounts for the irreplaceable role of fire watchers?A. Technology may fail to perform some tasks.B Technology has hardly advanced over the years.C. Humans are still needed to report to headquarters.D. Humans are specialists in land features and weather.CTeens have a reputation for making some not-so-smart decisions and being easily distracted. Researchers have blamed it on the immaturity of the prefrontal cortex(前额叶皮质). But scientists now find the answer may be the attraction of rewards. Rewards, even small ones, affect teens more than adults. And teens tend to be distracted by things they once found rewarding, even after the actual payoff is long gone.Psychologist Zachary Roper and his team worked with two groups of volunteers: 13-to 16-year olds and 20-to 35-year-old adults. During a training stage, a computer displayed six circles, each a different color. The players had to find the red or green circle and would be provided with a 10-cent or 2-cent reward. By the end of this training, volunteers had realized the value of each color but they didnt know it. Then came the testing time. Again, groups of six symbols, one diamond and five circles, appeared on a computer screen. The researchers measured how long it took people to find the diamond and recorded their answers.When no red or green circles appeared, both adults and teens responded quickly. But when a red or green circle showed up, both groups took a bit longer initially. Adults, though, quickly stopped paying attention to the red or green circles. Teens took longer to respond whenever a red or green circle appeared. Clearly, the red and green circles were distracting teens even though they brought no reward.“The study demonstrates that the attention of adolescents is especially drawn to rewarding information,” says Zachary Roper. “These data may help explain why teens engage in risky behaviors.”Some behaviors, such as texting or using social media, start the brains reward system. Once the teenage brain has linked a behavior to that reward, it continues to seek it again and again. Thats why teens are likely to use social media when they should be studying. Or why they respond to texts while driving. So researchers suggest physically removing distractions whenever possible.7. Why do teens tend to make some not-so-smart decisions?A. The appeal of rewards affects their decision making.B. Their skills to respond wisely have not been well trained.C. Their prefrontal cortexes have been improperly developed.D. The tendency to keep doing things prevents them thinking clearly.8. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 2?A The red or green circle.B. The end of the training.C. The value of each color.D. The awareness of the color value.9. What can we learn from the study conducted by Zachary Roper and his team?A. Adults were not affected by the red or green circles at all.B. Teens were attracted by the red or green circles because of the high rewards.C. Teens were distracted by the rewarding information even after the reward was gone.D. Adults were drawn to the rewarding information only after they were tested repeatedly.10. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. The Brain Response SystemB. The Effects of RewardsC. The Distracted Teenage BrainD. The Harm of Risky Behaviors浙江省台州市2020-2021学年高二下学期英语期末质量评估试题三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读理解Kristin went to a dance party on Saturday in her sleepwear. The clothes didn't matter, because she never left her living room. The party took place entirely on a social app Instagram.A few minutes before, she'd been sitting on her couch reading the news, feeling like she was about to cry. Then she got a message pushed to her phone: Ryan Heffington, the two-time Grammy proposed choreographer (编舞者)，was streaming a dance class on Instagram Live. "The numbness I was feeling just went away," she says. "I'm just gonna do it." As Kristin danced, she saw comments and hearts pop up on the live stream. Almost 2,700 people were dancing virtually alongside her. "Wow, people are really connecting," she says. Now, moving alone in her apartment with only her phone to keep her company, she felt almost optimistic.Heffington is part of a wave of dance teachers moving their classes online as the COVID-19 continues to spread. There is a rise in social media offerings as people look to their phones to give them a sense of community and help them stay active during the crisis. Heffington, however, is well suited to lead the digital dance era. His philosophy is that anyone can danceand anywhere, apparently. To Heffington, this is proof that the crisis is an opportunity for people to come together. "This is what social media was designed for." he says, "It's separated us in some aspects, but at this point in time, it's kind of all we have, and it's so beautiful"From her living room, Kristin agrees. She's figured out how to project her phone onto her TV, and pushed back her couch to have more space to dance. "Ryan's next classes are Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday this week, and I'm going to all of them," she says. "Why not? I'm going to dance my way through this crisis."21. Why did Kristin go to a dance party in her sleepwear?A. She was invited to a fancy dress party.B. She was not particular about her dressing.C. She was going to a virtual dance party online.D. She was numb with grief at the news of COVID-19.22. To Heffington, what's the benefit of social media during the crisis?A. Gaining possibilities to keep social distance.B. Helping people feel connected and stay active.C. Winning instant fame in the field of digital dance.D. Spreading the knowledge of COVID-19 to more dancers.23. Which word best describes Kristin's attitude towards online dance classes?A. Skeptical.B. Active.C. Reserved.D. Tolerant.阅读理解Anxiety sweat. Horsehair. Wet grass and soil after a rain. Gunpowder. Perfume (香水) containing rosemary and bitter orange. A touch of leather.This might have been what Napoleon's withdrawal from the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 smelled like. At least, these are some of the elements that Caro Verbeek, an art historian and olfactory (嗅觉的) researcher, tried to combine when she was reconstructing the smell. "Wars are extremely smelly," Dr. Verbeek said. "Soldiers don't write about their injuries as much as they write about the terrible sounds and smells. So we know more about them. We also know that it had rained the night before the battle, that anxiety sweat smells different from normal sweat, and that there were thousands of horses on the field." These were some details Dr. Verbeek relied on during the reconstruction, which is part of a project called "In Search of Lost Scents (气味)."The scent is offered in the Rijks museum as part of tourson pieces of paper or in a necklace with tiny pumpsalongside Jan Willem Pieneman's 1824 painting of the scene.Dr. Verbeek approaches past smells by attempting to recreate versions of them, as she did with the Battle of Waterloo, making a perfume of sorts that might be associated with historical events, people and works of art. Bringing smell into a museum context can be one way to make art more accessible. Marie Clapot, associate museum educator, has worked over the last few years to bring smell into the museum. "It's not just about, Oh, it's nice to smell something.' It's one way you can make an art object accessible. It is also a way, she said, to bring a number of people into the conversation about art who might not be moved by traditional art history.24. What did Dr. Verbeek's reconstruction depend on? A. Personal experience in the war.B. Pure imagination for the past.C. Great talent in descriptive writing.D. Detailed facts about the history.25. What's the purpose of bringing smell into the museum? A. To inform visitors of the project of nice smells.B. To promote the popularity of traditional art history.C. To get visitors to know wars and battles in history.D. To combine various elements from different fields.26. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. What does history smell like?B. How was a project carried out?C. The Battle of Waterloo: a smelly warD. The Rijks museum: a creative museum阅读理解Why do people seek out information about an ex's new relationships, read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans are born with the need to resolve uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to avoid their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt.In a series of four experiments, the students were tested on their willingness to expose themselves to disgusting stimuli (刺激物)in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens, half of which would deliver an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were informed of the exact pens; another 27 were told only that some were electrified. When left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and brought more shocks than the students who knew what would happen. The following experiments copied this effect with other stimuli, such as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to discover is deeply-rooted in humans, just like the basic drive for food, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct (本能)it can lead to new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such inquiry can backfire. "The insight that curiosity can drive you to do self-destructive things is a profound one," says George Loewenstein, a professor of economics and phychology at Carnegie Mellon University who has pioneered the scientific study of curiosity.Morbid (病态的) curiosity is possible to resist, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose