2022年高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语阅读懂得长难句分析详解第一节：找谓语,定主语一般情形下,一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语）,我们可以依据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语； 而且,假如一个句子中显现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,就该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情形除外）；如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment - although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed -he; ordered-he; should not be used -federal-funds; had proposed - no one; asked-he asked 前面有 and, 说明 asked与前面某个谓语动词并列,依据规律意义 asked应与 ordered 并列；这一句的主干为“ he ordered. asked .” , “ Declaring that. 作状语；句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同平常的蓄牧繁衍技术来克隆人类,并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验 尽管仍没有人建议这么做 他仍请一个普林斯顿高校校长 Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在 90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议；其次节：提主干,去枝叶（从句等）一般情形下, 一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句所表达的信息为名师归纳总结 次要信息； 如句子的主干提炼不出来, 就不能完全把握句子的核心愿义,从而导第 1 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载致思维纷乱,主次不分；如：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Poly technique. 【简析】本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句；“ First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century ”为过去分词短语作状语 ; “ including. 为介词短语作状语 ; “ who made.and who had to. 为两个并列的定语从句, 修饰 a French woman scientist；所以句子的主干为 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息；句意：这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师犯难, 其中包括一个法国女科学家, 她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展；为了能够在第三节：寻关联,辨规律Eco-lab Poly technique理工学院学习她曾女扮男装；一些长句其实是由如干分句组成的并列句或复合句；而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接； 假如我们找准这些关联词, 就能够辨论出句与句之间的规律关系, 分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义,就长句就简单应付得多了； 要掌握此方法必需对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心；Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friendsmarriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he 名师归纳总结 could sleep on the sofa. 第 2 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【简析】 “ whereas”提示前后对比 ;not unusual=usual;not.until.直到 才 句意：一个女人最亲热的女性伴侣最可能是第一个告知她离开一次失败的婚姻的人;而听见一个男人说, 直到他的伴侣一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上,他才知道他伴侣的婚姻已特别糟糕,这是很平常的事；第四节：看搭配,防隔离有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成,而且这些搭配中经常显现分隔现象；读者如受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的原来面目,就对句意的懂得就会发生偏差；如：Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products,to some degree,their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising. 【简析】其实本句是一个“主语 +谓语+宾语 +宾语补足语 ”句型“ make+宾语 +宾补”,即 “使 成为 ” ,只不过宾语和宾补被 “ to some degree ”隔开而已；句意：一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品,从某种程度上说,当作他们的卖点,并在广告中强调这一点；第五节：关键词,抓线索有时某些句子句意模糊, 读者理不清头绪, 这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓,从而在大体上搞清晰句意；如：Miss Dermaine mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and 名师归纳总结 Mr.Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.第 3 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【简析】此句好像在描述婚礼上不同的人的心情,而前后句用“ and”连接不是but,所以 “ anxious ”和“ less than delighted 所表现的心情的反差不会太大；句意： Dermaine 的妈妈在整个婚礼显得很焦虑,据说 是很高涨；Cordell 的父母的心情也不总之,在遇到长句和难句时, 要依据实际情形敏捷运用上述方法,在平常阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练；解句意；如：有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理We even have different words for some food,meat in particular,depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming,while the upper class Normans were doing most of the eating. 【简析】本句夹杂多种语法结构,而且包含对比；句子的主干为“ We even have different words for some foods,meat in particular” ; “ depending on. 为分词短语作状语 ; “ whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked 作 depending ”on 的宾语 ; “ which ”引导非限制性定语从句指代上述内容即同位语从句说明 fact 的详细内容；“ the fact 后为其同位语,句意：我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达,特殊是肉类, 这取决于它是长在田野时,仍是在家里预备煮着吃, 这就说明一个事实, 即萨克森农夫在农田干活,而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页