2022年高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析第一章 短文改错测试重点及分类解析依据短文改错的命题特点,我们可以依据以下四步进行备考快速练习；第一步：审题；通读全文,明白大意；全面把握文章整体 时态、题材及内容 ；其次步：重读全文,应先确定一些明显的错误,以便疏通短文,化繁为简,为后面解题打开思路；很多问题可在这一阶段得到解决；从词法、句法到行文规律三方面着手,逐句而不是逐行地分析、找错；第三步：综观全篇,看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后规律是否一样、有无前后冲突等现象；第四步： 认真检查,防止显现以下错误：符号不规范；一个词改为几个或几个改为一个；该大写的未大写；合成词只改了其中一部分等；下面,我们依据词性不同,第一节 名 词来对改错题目进行分类解析；在短文改错中见到名词时,应检查是否有数、格及名词前限定词用法等错误；汉语中的名词在形式上无复数变化,而是通过在名词前加数词来表示；英语就不同,除了在名词前加数词之外,假如是可数名词,仍应将该名词变为复数形式；1. 检查句中名词的单复数形式是否符合句意；2. 检查句中有无可数名词和不行数名词的误用；3. 检查句中有无全部格的误用；4. 检查句中有无名词前限定词的误用；练 习请改正以下句子中的语法错误,留意名词的使用；1. He is on good term with me. 2. He is a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again. 3. His opinion is considered to be great value. 4. He sent his daughter to a girlh school. s hig5. Give me three spoonful of sugar. 6. His eyes are as blue as a Scandinavian. 7. A few peoples live to be a hundred years old. 8. Aunt Mary returned home after ten years absence.9. He is a friend of my brother. 10. The observation of the law is the first duty of every citizen. 注 释1. term terms, term 的复数形式表示条件、关系,on good terms with. 意为“ 与 关系良好” ；2. friend friends, make friends with. 与某人交伴侣；3. be great value be of great value, value 是名词,be of+名词 =be+形容词；即of great value=greatly valuable ；4. girl s girls , 女子高中是a girlshigh school；5. spoonful spoonfuls, spoonful 是可数名词；6. scandinavian Scandinavians；. 7. peoples people 此处 people 作“ 人讲” , 是复数名词；名师归纳总结 8. years years ；第 1 页,共 18 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 9. brother brothers 应是 brother学习必备欢迎下载s friends, 其后做了省略；10. observation observance遵守 , observation 意为观看；其次节 动词的谓语形式一、 谓语动词的时态1. 把握各种时态的用法2. 留意时态的和谐一样1在简洁句中,时态要与时间状语一样；2当两个或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语时,其时态要求一样；3由并列连词连接的两个句子,时态上也要求一样；4当遇到宾语从句和间接引语时,如其主句是过去时,就在从句中也必需使用过去时；但是当宾语从句表示的是客观事实和真理时,一般用一般现在时；5与宾语从句一样,主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的时态也要求和主句的时态一样；6定语从句和状语从句也要与主句的时态相呼应,时发生时,要用相同的时态；二、 谓语动词的语态1. 检查句子是否该用被动语态；2. 检查被动语态形式是否正确；3. 检查被动语态的时态与句中其他时态是否相呼应,三、 谓语动词的语气当从句谓语表示的动作与主句的动作同其数是否与其主语一样；虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实,而是一种与事实相反的愿望、可能、估计、建议、要求、假设或主观的设想等；改错时应特殊留意：1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用；2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用；3. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用；四、 情态动词以下用法常是短文改错的焦点：1.must 表示“ 必需,不得不” 时,其否定式是 neednt 或 do not have to ； must not 就表示“ 不许,禁止” ；2. need 与 dare 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词；而作实义动词时,如要构成问句和否定句,就需要助动词 do/does/did ；3. “ can+have+过去分词” 结构用在疑问句和否定句中,表示对过去的事情所作的估计；4. “ could+have+过去分词”结构除用来表示对过去的事情所作的估计外,仍可用来表示某 事有可能在过去发生,但实际上并没有发生；“ 可能已经 5. “ may/might+have+ 过去分词” 结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的估计；了” “ 肯定已经 6. “ must+have+过去分词” 结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的确定判定；了吧” 含有自责或批评7. “ should/ought to+have+ 过去分词”结构用来表示过去应做而未做的事,的语气； “ 原来应当 的” “原来不必 的”8. “ need not+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去做了没有必要做的事；练 习名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instructor told them the principal points he wanted them to note. 2. When I reach at the end of a cigarette, my money has gone up in smoke. 3. The island has little vegetation 植被 , it scarcely raises above the surrounding sea. 4. In our school the teachers would leave most students go out early on Friday afternoons before football games. 5. Ours was the first group of swimmers who had dove into the new pool. 6. I will like to know where you were born. 7. I would like you read it again. 8. What will you like to do when you finish your course at Leeds. 9. I hope you can visit my country soon, because Id to show you some beautiful places near myhome. 10. My father mustnt have said such a thing.注 释1. had chose had chosen. 2. reach at reach, reach 是及物动词；3. raises above rises above, raise 是及物动词,rise 是不及物动词；4. leave let. 5. had dove had dived. 6. will would. 其后加不定式；7. you read you to read. would you like 8. will would. 9. Id to Id love/like to. cant 或 couldnt, cant + have + p.p. 表示对过去10.mustnt cant, 否定估计要用事情否定估计；第三节 动词的非谓语形式 一、 动词不定式1. 不定式可作主语；2. 当不定式的规律主语是动作的承担者时,后面,即使是这样,也不用被动式；3. 某些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语；一般要用不定式的被动式；但是在某些形容词4.当不定式作宾语,且后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用 it 作形式宾语来代替不定式,而把不定式后置；5. had better, would rather than 等词的后面只跟不带 to 的不定式；6. 动词不定式的一般式表示它与谓语动词同时发生,或在其后发生；其完成式就表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；但要留意动词 plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, wouldshould like 未做成的事情；二、 动词的 -ing 形式改错指导等后面的不定式的完成式表示原准备要做而最终以下动词只能跟-ing 形式作宾语,不能跟不定式；如：advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, appreciate, imagine, include, mention, miss, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand 等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载三、 过去分词改错指导留意以下几组动词的-ing 形式和过去分词之间的区分：surprising 令人惊讶的 ,surprised感到惊奇的 ；interesting令人感爱好的 , interested感爱好的 ； disappointing 令人扫兴的 ,disappointed感到扫兴的 ； encouraging令人激励的 , encouraged感到激励的 练 习1. I was used to go to the cinema once a week. 2. He has never been heard speak ill of others. 3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security. 4. He always enjoys to read a detective story. 5. His father would not let him to go. 6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English. 7. You should avoid to keep company with such people. 8. Smiling graciously, my offer was accepted by him. 9. You had better not to go there. 10. The doctor advised me giving up to smoke. 注 释1. was used to used to, used to +动词原形表示过去的习惯,示习惯的连续；be used to+名词 /动名词表2. speak to speak, 感观动词 /使役动词改为被动语态时,要将主动态时省去的“to” 仍原；3. say said, said 是过去分词作补足语,而 it 是形式主语；4. to read reading, enjoy 其后只可加动名词；5. to go go, let 是使役动词,其后接不带to 的不定式作补足语；6. understand understood, make oneself understood 译为“ 使别人明白自己的意图即自己被 别人懂得” ；7. to keep keeping, avoid 其后加动名词作宾语；8. my offer was accepted by him he accepted my offer, 分词短语 smiling graciously 的动作 执行者是 he, 而不是 my offer ；9. to go go, had better 其后接动词原形；10.giving up to smoke giving up smoking, advise sb. to do sth., 而 give up 其后接动名词或名 词；第四节 形容词与副词 在短文改错中见到形容词和副词时,检查句中是否误把形容词作副词或误把副词用作形容 词, 特殊是一些词形完全一样的形容词与副词；1. 检查句中形容词与副词的位置是否正确；2. 如句中有系动词,检查其后跟的是形容词仍是副词；3. 检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用；4. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误；5. 检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的使用错误；6. 检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载练 习1. He was impossible to find it out. 2. You should be respectable towards your teachers. 3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie. 4. Ill be convenient next Sunday.5. You must make your parents happily. 6. He looked differently after his return from Europe. 7. The number of girls is very few. 8. This shirt is woollen. 9. Let asleep dogs lie. 10. All the present students must cast their votes. 注 释1. impossible unable. Impossible 是非人称形容词,不行用来修饰人,或可用It is impossible or him to find it out. 2. respectable respectful敬重的 , respectable可敬重的 ；3. uncapable unable/uncap able to tell 或 incapable of telling, capable 的反义词是 incapable, be unable to+动词原形,be incapable of + doing 没有才能做 ；是非人 4. Ill be convenient next Sunday Next Sunday will be convenient to me ,convenient 称形容词；5. happily happy, 这里是宾语 +宾语补足语；6. differently different, look 是感观动词,其后要用形容词修饰其主语；7. few small, 主语 The number表示数目 用 small/large 表示大小；8. is woolen made of wool, 该句仍可写为“This is a woolen shirt. ”woolen 只可用作定语, 不行用作表语；9. asleep sleeping, asleep 是睡熟的,不行用作定语；Let sleeping dogs lie. 勿惹是生非,勿打草惊蛇 ；10.the present students the students present出席的同学 , the peasant students现在的同学 ；第五节 冠 词1. 检查有无两个不定冠词之间的误用；2. 检查有无定冠词不定冠词之间的误用；3. 检查有无漏用冠词的情形；4. 检查有无错用冠词的情形；练 习1. Last Sunday we went to school to play basketball. 2. Plato left behind him a view of the universe set forth in his dialogue in an unique combination of logic and drama. 3. I have read a interesting story. 4. What kind of a book do you have. 5. You re in right; its not your fault.6. The most of us are flattered when we receive a compliment. 7. Why are you at home in such a fine weather. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载8. He was elected the Mayor of New York. 9. Horse is useful animal. 10. Goldsmith is said to have traveled from a place to a place. 注 释1. school the school, 表示去某场所而不是去上学 go to school；2. an an uniqueju.蘖 nik 其第一音素是辅音；3. a an. 4. a book book, kind of 后面名词不加不定冠词；5. right the right, in the right 有理 , 而 in right 右边；6. The most Most, most 表示大多数时不加 the；7. in such a fine weather in such fine weather. weather 是不行数名词；8. The Mayor Mayor 独一无二的官职、头衔,职称作补足语或表语时不加冠词；9. horse A horse, horse 是可数名词单数形式其前面必需有冠词,不行单独使用在句子 中；useful animal a useful animal. 10.from a place to a place from place to place, 两个相对等的名词由 and 连接表示一种习惯用语时不加冠词；第六节 代 词 一、 人称代词改错指导1. 留意人称代词单复数的使用；2. 留意人称代词主格和宾格的区分；二、 物主代词改错指导对物主代词的考查主要涉及：1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的区分；2. 物主代词指代的使用；三、 反身代词改错指导表示“ 某人自己” 的代词称作反身代词；它在句中可作宾语、同位语和状语,但不能作主语；在使用反身代词时,同样要留意其单复数和人称必需与所指代的名词一样；四、 不定代词改错指导常用的不定代词有 some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both, either, other, another, others 及由 some, any, no, every构成的复合词； 不定代词的用法较复杂,需要 考生特殊留意；五、 指示代词改错指导 指示代词有 this, that, these, those, it, such, same 等； this 和 these 一般用来指时间和空间上较 that 和 those 就常用来指时间 近的人或物,也常用来指后面要提到的事情,有启下的作用；或空间上较远的人或物,也可用来代替前面显现过的名词,以免重复；练 习1. Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it. 2. Depend upon that he will come here. 3. Whom do you think is the writer of this book. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4. His brother学习必备欢迎下载s case is quite different from me.5. The population of London is two times as large as this city. 6. People find increasingly difficult to make their living. 7. “I must say good-bye now. ”“So I must.”8. He is taller than any one in his class. 9. I spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin. 10.Only yesterday the hotel manager assured my husband and me that he would accept our reservation for a room. 注 释1. whomever whoever, 这里是由 whoever 引导的宾语从句作for 的宾语,而 whoever 在从句中作主语；2. Depend upon that Depend upon it that, that 所引导的从句不行作介词宾语,必需加上 it ,再由 that 引导定语从句；3. Whom Who, 这里 do you think 是插入语,4. me mine；这里 who 是作句子主语；5. as this city as that of this city, 这里的 that 代替 the population 作比较的部分是不行省略 的；6. find find it , 这里的 it 是形式宾语,7. So I must. So must I. 而 to make their living 是不定式作宾语；8. any one anyone else, 这里 he 也包含在他的班级里,所以应加 else, 表示他比其他 的人高；9. spoke spoke to 10. I me, 这里与 husband 一起作 assured的宾语；第七节 数 词1. 检查有无基数词与序数词之间的误用；2. 检查在表示几百、几千、几百万等数字时表述是否正确；3. 检查分数的表达是否正确；4. 检查在表示“ 历史上的几十岁月和某人几十岁时” 的表达方式是否正确；5. 检查数词与其他词构成的复合形容词是否正确；练习1. About three-fifth of the workers of that steel works are young people. 2. When he was in his fifty, he moved to England. 3. 439 is four hundreds and thirty-nine. 4. The sun is 93 millions miles away from the earth. 5. This big steel plant has a thousand of workers. 6. Hundred of people attended the meeting last night. 7. People lived a hard life in forties. 8. 333 is three hundred thirty-three. 9. He wrote a two-thousand-words report. 10. There are about three hundreds people in the park on National Day. 注 释名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载分母用序数词,当分子大于11. three-fifth three-fifths , 分数表达法是分子用基数词,时, 分母应加 s；2. fifty fifties, in his fifties 在他五十多岁时 3. hundreds hundred. 4. millions million. , in the fifties 在 50 岁月 ；5. a thousand of warders a thousand worker. Hundred, thousand, million 等词在表示详细数字时,都不加 s, 在表示不确定数字时加 s, 同时加 of, 如：hundreds of 数百；thousands of 数千；6. Hundred Hundreds. 7. forties the forties, 指 40 岁月；8. hundred hundred and. 9. two-thousand-words two-thousand-word. 10. hundreds hundred. 第八节 介 词1. 检查介词有无误用；2. 检查句中有无遗漏介词,特殊要留意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介词；3. 检查句中有无余外的介词；4. 检查句中介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词等的搭配是否正确；练 习1. You must write your letter with ink. 2. A man is known to the company he keeps. 3. The field was dotted the great yellow hats of peasants. 4. Don t approach to a work of art in such a spirit.5. The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook. 6. I was impressed at the zeal which he spoke of the plan. 7. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money. 8. At last we reached to the village at the foot of the hill. 9. It is known to everyone that butter is made of milk. 10. The girl is proud of that her family is well descended. 注 释1. with ink, ink 用于使用之材料,with 用于工具或媒介；2. to by, be known to sb., 为某人所熟识,本句是谚语“ 观其友而知其人”；3. dotted dotted with, be dotted with 点缀着 ；4. approach to approach, approach 是及物动词；5. absorbed absorbed in, be absorbed in用心于 ；6. at with, which with which, be impressed with 被 所感动 , with which 起副词作 用；7. at on, insist on 坚持 ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载8. reached to reached, reach是及物动词；9.of from, made from. 是指制作过程中发生性质变化,made of 是物质质地未变；10. proud of that proud that, that 从句前的介词 of 必需省略；第九节 连 词1. 并列句中,检查并列连词的使用是否正确,有无遗漏并列连词的情形；2. 复合句中,检查从属连词的使用是否正确；3. 检查主语从句和同位语从句前的连词是否遗漏；4. 检查有无连词之间的误用,练 习特殊是 if 和 whether 之间的误用；1. We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on. 2. It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car. 3. At the age of six, my father took me to the circus for the first time. 4. He acted like he had never been in a museum before. 5. Youll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may keep track of the time during you are taking the test. 6. It was not long since they made their appearance. 7. It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that surprised him. 8. There may not be much choice between this one or that. 9. We must eat for we may live. 10. Which do you like better, coffee and black tea. 注 释1. when as,随着；2. when that, It iswasnot until.that是 not.until 的强调句型；3. At the age of six When I was six years old, At the age of six用于句中是指my father ；4. like as if, as if 可以引导虚拟语气的结构；5. during while, during 是介词,不行引导从句；6. since before, not long before 不久 就 ；7. but as, not so much.as与其说 不如说 ；