牛津译林版八年级英语上册unit5单元知识点归纳.docx

牛津译林版八年级英语上册第五单元知识点归纳18 一个受到保护的地区/地方19 走很长的路a protected areawalk a long way20 采取措施做某事take actions to do sth.一、单词:烤过的海鸥21 让某人做某事（使役动词用法） make sb. do sth.空间政府不受欢迎的不正确的软体虫包括返回come/go back = return2223回到学校come/go back to school = return to schoola (large) number of = manythe number of不平常的不能的垃圾防止许多（后接复数名词）的数目（单数）暴风雪洪水重要性24 一个申请表an application form重要的返回厘米25 愉快地向我们打招呼greet us pleasantly积极地安静地温柔的温柔地生气的生气地清楚的喧闹的喧闹地令人满意地轻柔地问候千米把某物忘/留在某地leave sth. sw.潮湿的度数26把垃圾留在那儿leave litter there等于27 乱扔垃圾drop litter carelessly无礼的美元28 有.的面积have an area of .规则的因此prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.=keep sb. from doing sth.take notes栖息处野生生物舒适的舒适地周而复始的然而不规则的不诚实的不必要的正确的百分之申请29 阻止某人做某事30 记笔记表格31 加入观鸟俱乐部的申请32 成为的一个成员/加入33 对做某事感兴趣34 迫不及待地做某事35 来参加俱乐部活动36 对别人有礼貌application to join the Birdwatching Clubbecome a member of = joinbe interested in doing sth.cant wait to do sth. = cant wait for sth.come to club activitiesshow good manners to othersduring the watch出生正确地地址普通的爱好容易地罕见的不可能的不友好的简朴的简直使。落下37 在观看（鸟）期间38 例如二、词组或短语序号for example = e.g.ChineseEnglish39 密切观察鸟40 兴趣和爱好Watch the birds closelyinterests and hobbies1 去观鸟2 在市场3 在入口处go birdwatching41 防止洪水（防洪）prevent floodat the market42 一个不同种类植物的理想家园 an ideal home for different kinds of plantsat the entrance (to)a nature reserve越来越少的空间越来越少的鸟类less and less spaceFewer and fewer birdsBe in danger4 一个自然保护区5 在中国东北43in north-east China = in the northeast of Chinaone of the worlds most important wetlands=44 处于危险之中6 世界上最重要的湿地之一45 保护濒于灭绝的鸟Protect the endangered birdsone of the most important wetlands in the worldall (the) year round = the whole year7 一年到头；终年8 提供某物给某人9 一个生活区46 发现关于野生生物文章的有趣 find the article on wildlife interestingprovide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.a living area47 用.号码打电话给某人48 用.地址给某人电子邮件Call sb one-mail sb at10 为某人/某物让出空间make space/room for sb./sth.go there for a short stay三、重点句子及句型：11 去那儿作短暂的逗留= stay there for a short time1. The science teacher encourages them to join the Birdwatching Club to get more information.2. The area provides food and shelter for them.=The area provides them with food and shelter .3. More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough space.4. Some people want to change the wetlands tomake more space for farms and buildings.5. This means there will be less and less space for the wildlife.12 数鸟do a bird count13 一年一次（提问）14 研究不同种类的鸟15 它们在数量上的变化16 明白湿地的重要性once a year ( how often )study the different kinds of birdsthe changes in their numbers6. Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round , while some only stay there for a shortUnderstand the importance of wetlandstime.17 濒临灭绝的（处于危险状态的） in a dangerous state = endangered7. This year ，members of our Birdwatching Club are going to study the different kinds of birds and thechanges in their numbers.第 1 页 共 5 页 8. We hope this information will help them understand and make themactively take actions to protect wildlife.9. We need more people to help uscount and do something to help the birds .The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a. m. You are to come before 10:00 a.m. tomorrow.(5)一般现在时表将来10. Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.11. The sun shone brightly as we got on the school bus .表示根据规定、时间表或计划进行的动作或事情，一般不容易发生改变。如飞机起飞时间，公共汽车出发时间，电影开始时间，毕业时间等，通常有表示将来的时间作状语：Our plane leaves at 6:00 a. m. . He retires next monthThe term starts on September 1stThe train leaves at 7：30 this evening火车今晚 7：30 发车。此外在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中表用一般现在时将来：I will visit the temple if I have timeI'll write to you as soon as I arrive there(6)be about to do 表将来12. He also told us to walk softly and not to frighten the birds .13. It has an area of more than 210,000 hectares. = It is over 210,000 hectaresin area.14. Zhalong is the home of a lot of plants and animals,including different kinds of birds.15. I think it is important for me to do something to protect birds.16. It is important for you to write your reports clearly .17. I will be very happy if I can become a member of your club .18. You can call meon 010-5558 6390 or e-mail me at amy.19. They simply cant wait for the party next week.表示此刻即将、正将要发生的动作，常与when 引导的从句搭配：He was about to leave when the telephone rang.1. 科学老师们鼓励他们加入鸡鸟俱乐部来了解更多关于鸟的信息中心2. 这个地区为他们提供食物和栖息地。2、形容词的否定构成 （加前缀 dis, un, im, in, ir 等）uncomfortable unhappy unnecessary unimportant unfriendly unwelcome unabledishonest irregular impossible incorrect3. 越来越多的你啊处于危险之中因为他们没有足够的空间。4. 一些人改变湿地为房子和农地制造更多空间。5. 这就意味着将由越来越少的空间留给野生动物。6. 许多种类的鸟一整年舒服地在野外生活，而有些仅作短暂停留。7. 今年，观鸟俱乐部的成员打算研究鸟的不同种类以及数量上的变化。8. 我们希望这个信息将帮助他们明白并积极地采取行动来保护鸟。9. 我们需要更多的人帮助我们数和采取措施帮助鸟。10. 研究扎龙帮助我们了解关于保护野生动物。否定形式规律例词中文释义dis-dishonest不诚实的不礼貌的不可能的不耐烦的在字母 p, m, b 前，初中impoliteimpossibleim-英语主要在字母 p 前impatient不正确的不活跃的incorrectinactivein-ir-11. 阳光明亮的照耀当我们登上汽车的时候。12. 他也叫我们轻轻走并且不要吓着鸟。在字母 r 前irregular不规则的13. 它的面积超过 21 万公顷。无用的粗心的useless14. 扎龙是许多不同种类植物和动物的家，包括不同种类的鸟。15. 我认为对于我来说采取措施保护鸟非常重要。16. 将报告写清晰对你来说很重要。carelesshomelesshopelessendless-less无家可归的没有希望的无尽的17. 如果我能成为你俱乐部的一员我将会很高兴18. 你可以用 010-5558 6390 打电话给我，或者用这个地址 amy 给我发电子邮件。19. 他们简直迫不及待下周的演出不重要的不流行的不舒适的不必要的不开心的不受欢迎的，讨厌的不普通的不能的unimportantunpopularuncomfortableunnecessaryunhappy四、语法：1、表示将来动作的不同方式比较：(1) 现在进行时表将来一般是表示位移的动词可以用现在进行时表将来。unwelcome(大多数形容词否定前 uncommonun-缀都是以un-开头）unable如：come, go, leave, drive, fly, start, arrive,move, stay, get, take, bring, have现在进行时表将来：表示近期的，事先已经计划安排好的- How are you getting to the airport?- By taxi. Bob is coming with me to the airport.(2) will do 和 shall do 表将来 表客观将来。shall 用于第一人称，will 用于第一、二、三人称。I will / shall finish middle school next month. 表有科学根据的预测。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow. 表客观必然。Man will make mistakes.(3) be going to 表将来 表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。I'm going to finish my homework tonight. 表根据已有迹象的预测。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain. be going to 不与 come, go 连用，而用 be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening.(4)be to do 表将来 表计划、安排、规定要做的事，有时表示义务、责任：unfriendlyunhealthyunsafeunfairunusual不友好的不健康的不安全的不公平的不同寻常的特别提醒：初中阶段，形容词否定前缀大多以 un-构成，除去少数几个以-less 否定后缀结尾外，不是以 un-否定前缀构成的形容词基本上只有 7 个。即上表中以 dis-, im-, in-, ir-开头的七个例词。换言之，如果把这七个词烂熟于心，那么记忆形容词否定前缀就将事半功倍。第 2 页 共 5 页 以 un-开头的形容词其前面的冠词用的是 an。例如：an unusual boy。dis-否定前缀除了形容词 dishonest 外，还常常用在动词前构成否定形式，如 dislike, disagree, disappear 等。数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如：His parents are teachers .（系动词和表语一起作谓语）用所给单词的适当形式填空：We study hard . （行为动词作谓语）We have finished reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English .（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.You will be_ (able) to pass the exam if you dont study hard.There are lots of _ (common) kinds of birds in Zhalong. Many people like to go birdwatching there.It is _ (necessary) for you to walk the little dog once a week to the park.It is _ (important) to keep quiet when you watch the birds and insects.He feels _(happy) because he lost his wallet.There is a _ (regular) rain in Sahara desert every year.Is it _(possible) to get to the city by train?Some people are _ ( friendly) to birds. They throw stones to them.Some people feel _ (happy) that government give poor people such small and _(comfortable) flats.（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。She is doing her homework now. （名词作宾语）She said （that）she felt sick. （宾语从句做动词宾语）10. It is _ (safe) to walk on the street at night.11. We should keep students staying away from the _ (healthy) books.12. These trainers are too small. They are _(comfortable) to wear.13. If someone does not show good manners to others, he is _(polite).14. Jim never tells lies and he is an _ (honest) boy.15. This girl is so _(care) that she often makes mistakes in her homework.江苏 13 城市中考试题汇编We often help him. （代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明 1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可做动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用做动词宾语。1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.It's _(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. (08常州)Don't get _(patient) about your personal trouble. (08无锡)说明 2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。直接宾语指物。间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟，如：give , show （给看），bring , pass , buy 等。如1. Our teacher told us a story .（us 为间接宾语）a story 为直接宾语。2. The sun gives us light and warmth.（us 为间接宾语，light and warmth 为直接宾语）3. We sent him a telegram.我们给他打了电报。（him 为间接宾语，a telegram 为直接宾语）间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后。在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。在这种情况下，间接宾语前加“to”的有：give , show , send , bring , read , pass , lend , leave（留给）, hand （交给）, tell , return , write , throw（仍）promise（答应）refuse（拒绝）等。for 的有：make , buy , do , get , play （演奏）,order （命令）,sing , pay （为交钱）例如：He seemed _(friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's warm and kind. (08 徐州)If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is _(polite). (08宿迁)Its so _(不公平的)! Mary gets more money for less work. (09镇江)The basketball team was _(luck) to lose in the final minute of the game. (09徐州)In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very_(comfortable). (09泰州)its _(possible) for us to finish so much work within so little time. We need help. (2010南通)Simon is such a _(honest) person that no one believes him. (2010扬州)10. Dont be _(patient)! You should listen to what he is saying first. (2010常州)11. It is _(possible) for me to design the poster without your help. (2010泰州)12. its not easy for those superstars to face _(无穷无尽的)interviews and doubts. (2010 镇江)（1）I gave him a book.改成：I gave a book to him.（2）He passed me the book. （他将书递给我）改成：He passed the book to me.（3）He wrote me a letter.改成：He wrote a letter to me.3、句子的成分及句子结构一、句子的成分（4）He will buy me some books.改成：He will buy some books for me.（5）She made me a cake.改成：She made a cake to me.（ 四）宾语补足语：在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语等（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：在某些及物动词后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思。在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式，分词等可用做宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。1. Comrade Chen is a well-known scientist.陈同志是著名的科学家。（名词作主语）2. He reads newspapers every day .他每天读报。（代词作主语）如:They made her happy . （形容词）3. Smoking is harmful to the health .吸烟对健康有害。（动名词作主语）I saw her dance. （不定式）Well help make the Olympics a success. （名词）4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure .在昆明湖里游泳是非常愉快的事。（不定式作主语）5. What we shall do next is not yet decided .下一步我们做什么还没定下来。（主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和Please let him in . （副词）We heard her singing a song. （分词短语）（五）表语：表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词，不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如：I am a teacher . （名词）He is always happy. （形容词）They are on the playground now. （介词短语）第 3 页 共 5 页 It gets cold. （形容词）等；3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词：remember, forget, stop, go on, try, like, mean,regret系动词除了有 am , is , are 还有 get（变得），sound（听起来），seem（看起来）feel 等特殊的词。如：It sounds interesting. （sound 为系动词，interesting 为表语）（六）定语4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，hate 等。For example :1).记住在你离开之前把窗子关上。 (还未做)Remember to close the window before you leave.定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。2).我记得关了啊。(已做过)But I remember closing it(还未做)I see. You forgot to turn off the lights(已做过)I forgot finishing my homework alreadyMary stopped to take/have a walkHe stopped singing.如：The black bike is mine. （形容词）这辆黑色的自行车是我的。Whats your name ? （代词）They made paper flowers. （名词）说明 1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语如：I tell him something interesting .我告诉他一些有趣的事情。（形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语）He has something to do .他有一些事情去做（to do 为不定式作后置定语）说明 2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：The boys in the room are in Class Four.这间屋子里的男孩子们是 4 班的。in the room 是介词短语作 the boys 的后置定语。（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：He did it carefully . （副词）We often help him. （副词）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday . （介词短语）When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （从句作时间状语二、句子结构3).哦，你忘了关灯了。4).我忘了已经写完作业了。5).Mary 停下来去散步。（stop）6).他停止唱歌了。7).然后，他接下来去玩足球了。（go on）Then he went on to play football.8).Tom 继续玩电脑游戏。Tom went on playing computer games.We try to finish the task.9).我们尽量完成任务。（try）10).我试着修理自行车。(看有无结果) I tried mending the bike.4.SVtIODO例如：He主gave谓me间宾a pen.直宾1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或 for(目的)；例如：They主lentthe bike直宾tothe boy.间宾谓2)在间宾前加 to 的：For example:英语五种基本句型列式1. 昨天爸爸给我姐姐一个礼物。（ give ）My father gave a present to my sister yesterday.2. Li Hua 给 Mary 他的照片。（ show ）Li Hua showed his pictures to Mary.3. 我的朋友给老师了一封信。（ send ）My friend sent a letter to his teacher.4. 姐姐给妈妈带来一件漂亮的裙子。（ bring ）My sister brought a beautiful dress to Mother.5. 请把盐递给爸爸。（ pass ）Pass the salt to Father please.1.SV例如：Iwent谓to school at 7：00.状主这一结构中的动词为不及物动词，其后没有宾语,后面可以跟副词、介词短语做状语。go, live, die, talk, swim, stay, 用以上词语造句（肯定，否定，疑问）Examples:1).We go to school everyday.3).My love for you will never die.5).Jerry can swim well.6. 他把自行车借给那个女孩了。（ lend ）He lent his bike to that girl.7. 以前，奶奶常给孩子们讲故事。（ tell ）My grandma told stories to children in the past.2).I live in Xiangyang District now.4).I want to talk with a foreigner.6).Mr. Green will stay in China for a year.8. Tom昨天教学生一首英文歌曲。（teach ）Tom taught an English song to his students yesterday.2.SVP3) 在间宾前加 for 的：例如：The food主smells系delicious.表1. 他给我亲手做了一个生日礼物。（ make ）His made a birthday present for me.2. 她的丈夫给她买了一个漂亮的项链。（ buy ）Her husband bought a beautiful necklace for her.3. 我们应该为残疾人做点什么。（ do ）We should do something for the disabled people.4. 我们给老人们唱歌。（ sing ）We often sing songs for the old people.4)最好用 SVtIODO 结构的情况：句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem 等属一类，表示状态；get, grow,become, turn 等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。如 look