人教新目标八年级下册英语讲义：Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet 语法及写作.docx

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 语法及写作Grammar 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Its so dark. 太黑了。Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿)Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿)(3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have. / No, I havent, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg. -Where is your father?-He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)Eg. My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.(5)现在完成时的标志：常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化：1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clapped不规则变化：5. 以不变应万变。如：let let let; put put put; read read read6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept slept7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend lent lent; build built built; send sent sent8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy bought bought;bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taught作文专题请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。背景1.认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的;2.走向社会后没有感恩意识。学会感恩1.感谢社会提供良好的教育机会;2.感谢父母供养自己上学;3.感谢老师传授知识;4.感谢朋友的鼓励与帮助。参考词汇：enter society 进入社会， sense of thanks 感恩意识， behavior 行为要求：1.短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译;2.演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息;3.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考范文：Good morning, boys and girls! The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they dont know how to show any sense of thanks. I think this behavior is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us to go to school. Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they can always give us courage and help. In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and friends. At present, we should study harder to make our world more beautiful. Thank you for your listening!