专四大作文写作ppt课件.ppt

专四大作文写作指导专四大作文写作指导专四大作文考题分为3大类1.Fixed topics 固定观点型 2. Alternative topics两选一观点型 3.Free topics 自由发挥型年份 作文题目题材题型体裁1999 A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Television社会现象利弊讨论议论文2000 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities学生生活观点说明说明文2001 Travel Broadens the Mind大众生活观点说明说明文2002 The to Stay Healthy大众生活提出建议说明文2003 The Importance of Keeping a Good Mind 大众生活观点说明说明文2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?社会现象观点讨论议论文2005 My Idea of a University Arts Festival校园文化生活提出建议说明文2006 Saving Money or Spending Tomorrows Money大众生活观点讨论议论文2007Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?社会现象观点讨论议论文2008The Benefits of Volunteering大众生活观点说明说明文2009Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? 社会现象观点讨论议论文2010Should College Students Hire Cleaners?学生生活观点讨论议论文2011Should Private Car Owners Be Taxed for Pollution?大众生活观点讨论议论文2012The Dragon Boat Festival大众生活观点说明说明文2013The Advantages of Being Careful with Money in Daily Life大众生活观点说明说明文2014Should English Majors Study Maths?校园生活观点讨论议论文 I. Different paragraphs in a composition 1）主题段（Topic Paragraph）：引出并点明支配全篇文章的主题，指出主题所包含的几个方面，确定推展段的内容和形式。 2）支撑段（Supporting Paragraphs/the body）：由若干段落组成，对主题段所引出的主题展开讨论。其直接作用是支持各段的主题句，间接作用是辅助各段的主题句支持主题段中的主题思想。 3）结尾段（Concluding Paragraph）：对全文归纳总结。 观点说明类作文（意义、重要性、危害性等）观点说明类作文（意义、重要性、危害性等） 1.典型题眼：The Importance of /Travel Broadens Mind The harm of 2.结构模板 第一段：引出要说明的事物，明确自己对这一事物的态度. 第二段：第一句：承接首段观点，对本段内容及其发展方式加以限制（一般用举例法），说明重要性(危害性、有利之处)表现在以下几个方面： 分主题一：重要性(危害性、有利之处)之一（一句话）+拓展观点（2-3句）； 分主题二：重要性(危害性、有利之处)之二（一句话）+拓展观点（2-3句）； 第三段：结论：重要性+建议或展望（危害性+警示；有利性+建议）The Harms of College Students Renting and Living Out There is a popular tendency that college students live in rented houses, enjoying their freedom. No matter how popular it is nowadays, however, I hold a disapproving opinion to such a behavior. Money is the first and the most important reason for me to say “no” to this practice. Renting a house out of campus would cost them much more money on water supply, electricity supply, house maintaining and so on. This is a heavy burden for college students who are still economically independent. Why not spend such money on books or studying materials? The second reason for my disapproval is that living out of campus and separating from your classmates would bring about much communication inconvenience and consequently lead to little sense of belonging to your class, which will block you from much informal but useful information while talking with your pals. The last reason I want to point out is security. Living in students building, you are protected by school guards; living out, it is yourself to turn to. There may not be anyone to guarantee your safety when something happens. When students talk about renting houses out of campus, romantic scenes bubble. But thinking about the real life, we all have to be realistic enough. 比较选择类作文比较选择类作文 比较选择题型比较选择题型A：比较两个事物的优缺点并表明倾向：比较两个事物的优缺点并表明倾向 典型题眼：典型题眼： Borrowing Books Outweighs Buying Books A Balanced Diet: A Better Way to Stay Healthy 变通形式1：Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? (TEM 4: 2004) 变通形式2：The Difference of My College Life and My Middle School Life (Which one do you prefer?) (TEM4: 1996) 结构模板：结构模板： A1、B1； A2、B2对比比较法 第一段：用现象或者事实引出要比较的A和B的上义词C，说明A和B是C的两个重要或者流行的选择，用一句话表明自己观点或倾向（假如说选择是A）. 第二段：第一句承接首段观点，引出下文的发展模式（列举） A优点之一（1句），用拓展句加以说明（2-3句）；转折关联词说明B相应的缺点（1句），并用拓展句加以说明（2句）。 A优点之二（1句），用拓展句加以说明（2-3句）；转折句说明B缺点（1句），并用拓展句加以说明（2句） 第三段：结论Major is More Important than School Brand in College Choice After years of preparation for high education, it is time for high school students to decide which school to enroll. Among various factors, school brands and majors become the most important factors to be taken into consideration. Between them, I believe, major is more important than school brand. My preference for a good major rather than school brand lies in the following two reasons. The first one is that an ideal major can motivate me to make greater efforts in academic study. As a popular saying goes, interest is the best teacher. With a major of great interest, I will exert more efforts on it and more inspiration will come out. But in a famous school with no ideal major, though there are learned supervisors and excellent teaching facilities, I will feel dull with no academic interest. The second reason is that a good major means a good occupation in the future. The reputation of a famous college is very important in job hunting. But what employers need are faculties who can do special jobs. So they pay more attention to the employees quality and ability in specialties. From what we have discussed above, we can safely get the conclusion that major outweighs school brand in our decision of college entrance. 观点论证类作文观点论证类作文 形式形式：1） 疑问句：Is Money Powerful? 2) 在情景中交代一种社会现象或者一种做法，让读者发表观点。 Do you agree or disagree? / Whats your opinion? 典型题眼：典型题眼： Is Thrift Necessary in Modern Society? Do You Agree with “Euthanasia”? Whats your opinion about reducing childrens excessive assignment? 结构模板：结构模板： （当作文题目只出现单方面观点时） 第一段：引题，或者描述一个情景，或者提出别人对这一问题的观点来引出主题。或用反转法，引出和别人相反的观点；或顺承别人的观点表示同意。 第二段：观点段，承接首段观点，对本段内容加以限制；观点不同方面的体现+证明、解释、说明。 第三段：回顾、总结观点，一般会有一个引导的词或是短语+回顾点题的句子。My View on Man-Made Beauty The traditional Chinese saying “clothes make a person” reflects the importance of “appearance”. Nowadays, such a belief has its new content. Many people, especially young girls or ladies, are not content with getting more beautiful by clothes. They turn to a more challenging practice of physiological reform. I dont think this man-made beauty practice should be advocated. The desire for beautiful appearance is one of human natures. The operations may really mean something to some people. At least they turn more beautiful. But a coin has two sides, and so does man-made beauty practice for the two following reasons. Firstly, ones appearance is Gods blessing, and has been one part of our life. The reform of the original physiological structure may bring great harm to our body. After breast enlargement surgery, many women look sexier than before. However, many of them are found mammary gland disease. The more serious effect is that they risk being unable to breast feed. Secondly, the advocating for such a practice will mislead people in the judgment of true beauty. The concept of beauty is quite rich in its content. It should include many virtues like honesty and diligence, which should be the real mainstream of our spiritual life. The practice and some contents about man-made beauty will confuse those who are to develop correct concept of beauty. Concerning the above possible harms the practice may bring about, we are strongly against it and advocate seeking true and natural beauty. 提出建议、解决问题类作文提出建议、解决问题类作文 典型题眼：典型题眼： One Way to Solve the Problem (1998) The Best Way to Stay Healthy (2002) Present a suggestion to Arts Festival (2005) One Way to Solve Transportation Problem The Best Way to Save Power 结构模板结构模板 第一段：1）引出所要解决的问题及其严重性或必要性； 2）明确提出建议。 第二段：承接首段观点，对本段内容加以限制，即建议从哪个角度、哪个方面讲能解决问题。 角度1（方面1）：用推理、举例等方法拓展自己的观点； 角度2（方面2）：用推理、举例等方法拓展自己的观点； 第三段：做出结论，建议行动，展望建议实施后的前景。The Best Way to Stay Healthy In such a fixed society, people have to bear burdens from education, work and families. Therefore it is necessary for them to attach more importance to their health. As to the way to keep healthy, some people insist on a balanced diet, and some others agree for physical exercise. I agree with the latter. My suggestions of sports as the best way to stay healthy lie in the following reasons. Firstly, doing sports can keep you fit. It helps you burn excessive fat, which is much safer than any wonder drug, miracle diet or liposuction to lose weight. Secondly, doing sports can contribute a lot to a patients recovery. However severe ones illness may be, the process of exercise can more or less do good to him, for it can speed up blood circulation, and help him or her to inhale more fresh air. In this way exercise can quicken the process of recovery. Thirdly, by doing sports you can get brain refreshed, which is of vital importance to the people working at offices and students in intensive study. The benefits of sports are more than I have listed. I believe doing sports will make us fit, strong and in good working condition, namely, it helps us stay healthy. II. The requirement of the beginning? Remember the requirement in TEM4 1. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. 2. It should attract the readers attention. 3. You should not make any mistake in this paragraph.1. 开头技巧一：名人名言开头技巧一：名人名言开头引用名人不仅能够作为很好的切入点展开话题，而且还能够显示考生深厚的英语功底。可能有的考生会疑惑：“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？” 一般来说，引用名人名言不一定要记住每个单词才行。如果考生能够记住大致的内容，也可以引用。引用名人名言的经典句型：A proverb says, “you are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于只记住大致意思的名言）TOPIC：Success and opportunity “Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success. 2 开头技巧二：数字统计开头技巧二：数字统计要想使自己的论证更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试考生只需要记住一个大概得数据即可。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9 of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.A recent statistics shows that Topic： Cyber Romance A recent survey indicates that nearly half of young students have experienced the so- called cyber romance or have shown great interest in it. It is now even a trend or fashion. Someone even indulged himself or herself in it without realizing the potential dangers or peril. In my point of view, there are some reasons for it. 3对立法对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题.1） When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently. 2） When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the proffer/latter .)3) Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledgedthat . They claim/believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether. 4 现象法现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .1） Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern. 2) Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention)3）Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. 4) Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality .was greeted with universal acclaim as. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job. 5直接亮出直接亮出观点法观点法 -开门见山,直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.1) Never in history has the change of . been as evident as .Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . been more visible/popular than.2) Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.3） There is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .4） Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that. 6. 故事法故事法 -先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.1） Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenomenon of. has aroused public concern.2） I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma we areoften confront with in our daily life.3） Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story may be(unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance. 7问题法问题法 -先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly, some ., others .But in my opinion, . Topic: Factors Influencing Young Adults Of the various factors that can have influence on young adults, the family and friends stand out most. Which of the two is more important? My view is that it is friends who have more important influence on young adults. 常用与开头的短语、句式 1) (Computers/private cars) are witnessing the (rapidly) growing popularity in China, the fact of which has been considerably changing the quality of our lives. 2) Currently, there is a widespread/serious/heated/major concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures). 3) Nowadays, a heated debate/ discussion aboutis under way in China. Some people believe that , whereas others argue that 4) There is a public debate today that . 5) A is a common way of ., but is it a wise one? 6) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 7) When it comes to ., some think . 专四写作主体段落写作原则专四写作主体段落写作原则 1. 长短句原则长短句原则 As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，更能够使文章文采飞扬。 2. 主题句原则主题句原则 英文写作和中文写作的一个很大的区别在于：中文写作喜欢水到渠成，只有在最后才透露观点，然而英文写作往往却开门见山，在文章的段首就讲明白整段的内容。 o begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 3. 一一 二二 三原则三原则 1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all, moreover, finally9）on one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 4. 短语优先原则短语优先原则 使用短语，有两个好处：其一、短语会使文章增加亮点；其二、关键时刻思维短路，凑字数。 I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 5. 多实少虚原则多实少虚原则要多用实词，少用虚词。比如我们说一个人很好的时候，不应该直说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warmhearted, hospital 之类的形容词。再比如：走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room，但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room，小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room，老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room，所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩英语专四写作怎样使句子多样化英语专四写作怎样使句子多样化 以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列 句句，复合句，复合句和复杂句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词和短语等。 (1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2)(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句) IV. How can we write the ending 1 restatement 重申式重申式(含习语和名言式的含习语和名言式的重申观点重申观点) 2 summary总结式总结式 3 Solution 问题解决式问题解决式 4 preview the fortune 前景展望式前景展望式 5 call upon the people 号召式号召式 6 Mix patterns 1 restatement 重申式重申式 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 但需要与你的主题表达的句型或用语不同，即换种说法表达或