医学词汇构词法(医学)ppt课件.ppt
o By Wang Lanyingo Foreign Language DepartmentThe Formation of Medial Vocabulary A Course of Learning English for Medical PurposesI. Target1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with MLI. Target3. Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guideIII. Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning eye doctor,are examples. The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood. What is medical language?Basic elements of medical wordsMost medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45 letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.1. To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/ logyrootrootsuffixCombining formElectr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrootroot心电图2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of PronunciationMedical TerminologyoSystemsoOrgansoTissuesoCellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical WordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical termsThe 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studyDistribution of vocabularyCombining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetrans- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo- :deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cuttingHow to improve your word poweroI. ConversionoII. derivativeIII. Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gicoasymptoma aticoantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳（后缀） 透入I.Conversionhost 大批、许多、东道主、主持人、 宿主sympathetic block交感神经阻滞术sympathetic nerve交感神经cell 隐士的小屋，巢室， 电池，小修道院 capsule 小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜oreservoir 贮主(zhu)oto protect trachea from collapsing othe uncompromised host ospace occupying lesionoopportunistic infection oTarget therapyII. DerivativeAtypical AsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspid MuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/ microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologic toleranceimmunomodulationo Prefix: oir- oil- oim-omis-oirregularityo irresistableoillegal, oilliterateoimmature oimmobileoimmodestoimmoralityomisbehavioromisleadomisfortuneomisunderstand oPrefixoDis/dys- dishonesto dysphoniao disordero dyspneao diseaseoin- inexperiencedo insufficiencyo inadequateo inactivatedonone-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonselfo非抽烟者o非电解质o无应激实验o非溃疡性消化不良o非特异性免疫o无义突变o非自我的oun- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 oSuffix: n. oreliance oresistance existence ocoldness consciousnesso decision ocollisiono inclusionotreatmentoencouragementoAdj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially oex-oexclusionoexcretion oexhaleoex- presidentoex-wifeoexcludeo排斥o排泄o呼气o前总统o前妻o排除在外oV.-en.(a.+ en)owhitenowidenofasten(tie)olengthenoshortenoworsenoweakenobrightenolighten o-al n.osurvivalorefusaloarrivaloproposalowithdrawaloremovalo(but not: compose, compromise)III. CompoundingImmunostimulant 免疫兴奋药Polyneuropathy 多神经病Polyomavirus 多瘤病毒 syngenesiotransplantation同血统移植术Traumatic encephalopathy外伤性脑病Cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的Cerebrotomy 脑切开术Cerebrovascular 脑血管的Cardiomyopathy 心肌病Cardiohepatic 心肝的Cardioinhibitor 心动抑制药Postnasal drip 后鼻滴注Postmenopausal 绝经后Organ root combining wordsliver hepato/a- hepatocarcinomalung pulmono- pulmonoaortic kidney reno-/nephro- nephrotoxin heart cardio- cardiovalvularnerve neuro- neurocytomaspleen splen(o) splenemia 脾充血brain cerebro- cerebrovascularhead cephal(o) cephalosporin P 头孢菌素Peye ophthalm/ ophthalmoscope 检眼镜skin dermo- dermopathy 皮肤病ear oto- otologychest thorac/o- thoracolumbarnose naso- nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo laryngitis 喉炎Pharynx Pharyng pharyngectomy 咽切除arteri/o artery arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄vaso vessel vasodilation描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带posterior posterior teeth 后牙superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉inter between interatrial 房间的 Intra inside intracellularEndo intra- endocarditisPoly many, much polyarthritisMulti many, much multicuspid 多尖的Hyper high, extra hypertension hypo- low, less hypotension homo- same homolateral同侧的 homograft hetero- different heteroantigen 异种抗原dys- abnormal dysplasia 发育不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难counter- against countercurrent 逆流 countertransport 反向转运 psycho- mental psychology psychiatryelectro- electricity electrosynthesis staphyl/o- 葡萄、悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty悬雍垂成形术 thrombo-血栓 thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎 thromboendocarditis 血栓性心内膜炎meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜 meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎 meningoencephalitis 脑膜脑炎radio- radiation radionuclideangiocardiography 放射性核素心血管造影术immuno- immunity immunosuppressionlympho- lymphoatic lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 Strepto 链球菌的 streptococcus streptomycinOsteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的Syn- combining /together synchromism 同步现象 synchronized sleep 同步睡眠Tri-three tricuspid triphosphate 三磷酸盐De- removal dehydration 脱水 deceleration 减速 Suffix:-itis inflammation hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎-tomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法- gram imaging cardiogram 心动图 o-scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope-cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci-logy (science Psychology Pathology Pharmacology dermology -ist scientist Physiologist -cian specialist physician pediatrician technician clinician-oma (neoplasm) hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤-emia disease leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblaste 成红细胞血症-pathy (disease) pathophysiology myopathy 肌病-osis 异常，增多 leukocytosis erythroblastosis 成红细胞增多 -ia ( abnormal condition) otitis media otoneuralgia 耳神经痛hypogammaglobulinemiacytomegalovirusmononuclear leukocytosisosteomyelitisencephalitismeningitis低丙种球蛋白血症细胞巨化病毒单核细胞增多骨髓炎脑炎脑膜炎Test YourselvesPoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferative syndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangiosarcoma脊髓灰质炎免疫细胞化学免疫抑制淋巴细胞增生性 综合症淋巴管学淋巴管切开术淋巴管肉瘤
