专升本虚拟语气讲解ppt课件.ppt

虚拟语气If I were a boy, I think I could understand how it feels to love a girl. 历年考题 07年17题单选， 08年25题单选, 09年21题单选， 09年49题翻译， 10年18题单选， 10年47题翻译， 11年22题单选， 12年24题单选， 13年单选。四种语气 陈述语气.Her figure makes me feel greasy. 祈使语气.Get out! 疑问语气.Have you ever eaten any detergent? 虚拟语气 .If I were you, I would eat some detergent. 定义：虚拟语气是以动词不同形式来体现说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义的一种语气。虚拟语气所表达的含义是客观不存在的，或不能实现的事情。虚拟语气1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用。（事态倒退）2.should do形式的虚拟语气二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用。（事态倒退）1.区别真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。（1）.真实条件句：表达现实或可能变为现实的条件。Eg：If I have time, I will study German.(我确实有可能有时间，然后我就去学习德语。) If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 If it rains, we will stop playing.如果天下雨，我们就不玩了 。（2）.非真实条件句：表达非现实或不可能变为现实的条件。 Eg：If I had time, I would study German.(我由于某些原因，而不可能有时间去学习德语，表达愿望。) I would have arrived much earlier, if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车，我会到的早一点儿。 If I had gotten there earlier, I would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） 2.表达形式从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式现在虚拟 did/were Would/should/might/could+do 过去虚拟 Had done Would/should/might/could+have done 将来虚拟 Did(were)Shoud doWere to do Would/should/might/could+do examples 现在虚拟条件句 If all candidates were girls, the boss would be very enthusiastic. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 曾经有一份真诚的爱情放在我面前，我没有珍惜，等我失去的时候我才后悔莫及，人世间最痛苦的事莫过于此。如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是一万年！ If God gave me another chance, I would say three words to the girl “I LOVE YOU”.从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式现在虚拟 did/were Would/should/might/could+do 过去虚拟 Had done Would/should/might/could+have done 将来虚拟 Did(were)Shoud doWere to do Would/should/might/could+do examples 过去虚拟条件句 If the wars had not broken out, the world might have been more peaceful. If I had gotten there earlier, I would have met her. If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 翻译 如果你想死，那就找块豆腐吧。（用过去虚拟翻译） If you had wanted to die, you could have found a piece of tofu. 从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式现在虚拟 did/were Would/should/might/could+do 过去虚拟 Had done Would/should/might/could+have done 将来虚拟 Did(were)Shoud doWere to do Would/should/might/could+do examples If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. did/were Would/should/might/could+do Had done Would/should/might/could+have done Did(were)Shoud doWere to do Would/should/might/could+do If3.错综时间条件句 有些句子主句谓语（主句一般有明确的时间状语，或者从各自的动词形式可以看出）和从句谓语表示的动作在发生时间上不一致，这类句子我们成为“错综时间条件句”。 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. If he were free, we would have sent him to the moon last month. If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer now. If the wars had not broken out, the world might have been more peaceful. If the wars had not broken out, the world ( ) more peaceful now. might be(10年47题翻译） They wouldnt be feeling so tired if they hadnt been walking for a whole day. 要不是之前走了一天的路，她们现在不会这样疲倦。4.虚拟语气中的省略倒装 如果在if等词引导非真实条件句中有情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had，可将if等词去掉，再将情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had提到句首。 If all candidates were girls, the boss would be very enthusiastic. Were all candidates girls, the boss would be very enthusiastic. If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. If the wars had not broken out, the world might have been more peaceful. 此句需不需要将not和had一起提前呢？ 注意 如果情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had为否定形式，则只提前情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had，不提前not。 Had the wars not broken out, the world might have been more peaceful.怎么变倒装？ If I had a million dollars, I would quit the job. Had I a million dollars, I would quit the job.错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错 Have可以是实意动词，也可以是助动词。 Have助动词，表“已经”，have done。倒装是这种形式。 Have实意动词，表“有”，have+sth。 这种形式不能倒装。 If I had a million dollars, I would quit the job. 这里这句话是对现在的虚拟，had是实意动词，不能省略倒装。区别have用法的不同 If I had a million dollars, I would quit the job. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. If Sun Wukong had no golden cudgelkd()l , it would just be an ordinary monkey. If the wars had not broken out, the world might have been more peaceful.5.含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句中没有明确的虚拟条件句，而是用其它形式来暗示存在虚拟条件。 （1）.时态和主句保持一致的词。如：but for+词, otherwise+句子, without+词。 Eg：But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work. =If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work. Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. We didnt like the party, otherwise we would have attended it. （09年21题） I didnt know her telephone number, otherwise I_ her. A.telephoned B.had telephoned C.was telephoning D.would have telephoned D(2). 时态和从句保持一致的词。如：wish，would rather, would sooner, as if（需要主句）, as though（需要主句）, if only等。表将来虚拟时用would/could do比should do多。 If only she didnt get married.(现在虚拟) If only Er Kangs nares were smaller. I wish lives could be infinite. I would rather/sooner that he were alive. He looked as if/though he had been struck by the lightning.（10年18题） Mr. Brain wishes his wife_in America for one more month. A.could stay B.is staying C.stays D.has stayed A6.固定句型 It is the/(the)high/(the)very time that+主语+did It was the/(the)high/(the)very time that+主语+had done It is the time that we dismissed the class. It was the high time that we had dismissed the class.三、should do形式的虚拟语气1.表命令，建议，要求，请求等词+从句(如：advice, decision, demand, desire, insistence, motion, necessity, order, preference, proposal, pray, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution, suggestion等。)动词+宾语从句 +（Should） do 名词+同位语从句 名词+be+表语从句 It is+形容词+that主语从句 examples They demanded that the right to vote (should) be given to every adult. We made the suggestion that he (should) go by train. I insisted that he (should) stay. It was decided that he (should) go.(13年单选) suggest her 选doing。很多人当成虚拟语气，选了should do。 这里的her是宾格，不是主格。所以注意！（12年24题） The doctor suggested that he_up smoking immediately. A.would give B.gave C.give D.gives c2.It be ( )+that+主语 (should) do It is/was形容词表命令，建议，要求，请求等词的形容词形式 +that+主语（should）do Important，essential，necessary等 表命令，建议，要求，请求等词的done形式 名词（如：a pity, no wonder, a shame, an urgency） It was decided that he (should) go. It is strange that such a person （should） be our friend. （07年17题） Its essential that the application forms_back before the dead line. A.must be B.would be sent C.be sent D.were sent C(08年25题) Its essential that the application forms_back as soon as possible. A.must be sent B.will be sent C.are sent D.be sent D3.主句+for fear that/lest/in case（should）do.(状语从句) He got up early lest he (should) miss the bus. She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. He started out earlier in case he (should) be late. 四 、情态动词+have done。（表“本”的意思。） Need（这里是情态动词，不能写成needed）/must/could/might/would/should/ought to(=should。不要写成了oughted) +have done，but动词的过去式 I could have given you some money, but I was too poor. 五、表“愿望，心里活动”的动词的过去完成时可以表示“本想做，但又没做”。(讲过去完成时的时候，已经讲过了。) had expected/thought/believed本想/以为。但是却没。 Eg:I had expected to go to shanghai.（09年49题翻译） She had thought it was going to be all right. But it was as if the heat had drained their love. 她原以为一切都会好的，但是事情就像酷热已经把他们的爱抽干了一样。