春季高考英语语法专项复习——非谓语动词ppt课件.ppt
非谓语动词非谓语动词考纲解读考纲解读非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式与分词动词不定式与分词一般说来,动词不定式表主动、将来;一般说来,动词不定式表主动、将来;现在分词表主动、进行;现在分词表主动、进行;过去分词表被动、完成。过去分词表被动、完成。1.谓语动词:谓语动词:概述:概述:2. 非谓语动词:非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分动词不定式(动词不定式(The Infinitive)一一. 动词不定式的基本构成:动词不定式的基本构成:由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式:肯定式:to do sth 否定式:否定式:not to do sth. 被动式:被动式:to be done 完成式:完成式:to have done二二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。(1)作主语作主语 不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注:注:常用常用it做形式主语,将做形式主语,将to do放在位于之后,使句子放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。保持平衡。句型句型1:It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2:Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor.句型句型3:It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth(是形容是形容人人的品质的的品质的) ( Kind/nice/good/clever)(是形容是形容事物事物的性质的的性质的 )It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.常见动词有:常见动词有:(2)作宾语作宾语 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等等I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语remember/forget/regret+to do :记得/忘记/后悔去做某事 (未做)remember/forget/regret+ doing :记得/忘记/后悔做过某事 (已做)+to do 做另一件事情(已经完成一件工作) +doing 做同一件事(还没完成)mean to do 打算,想mean doing 意味着(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1. Mother told me _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him oblige(3)作宾语作宾语补足语补足语(3)作宾语作宾语补足语补足语2).I often hear them sing this song. I would have him wait for me for a long time. 注意:注意: 当这类动词转为被动语态时,当这类动词转为被动语态时, 其其后的不定式则要加上后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如:如: He is often heard _ the song. He was seen _ the room. to singto enter4. it作形式宾语作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意:注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 主语主语+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.三三.动名词的功用动名词的功用1.可作主语可作主语Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingIts a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.动名词(动名词(gerund)2.可作宾语可作宾语 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的这类动词有:这类动词有:避免错过避免错过 (少) 延期延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建议完成建议完成 (多) 练习练习 suggest / advise finish practise喜欢想象喜欢想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承认承认 否定否定 (与) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱逃脱 冒险冒险 (莫) 原谅原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 (不) 在意在意 stand keep / keep on mind注:在动词注:在动词advise, allow, advise, allow, forbid(forbid(禁止禁止) ),permitpermit(允许)(允许)等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟等后,如果没有人称宾语,后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人们不准在这儿钓鱼。人们不准在这儿钓鱼。doing主动表被动主动表被动: want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + be worth (值得)使用动名词作宾使用动名词作宾语时,用主动形语时,用主动形式表达被动含义式表达被动含义to be done使用不定式作使用不定式作宾语时,依然宾语时,依然用被动形式表用被动形式表达被动含义达被动含义 The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). This pair of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question is well worth (discuss)分词:分词:Participles一一 分词的概述分词的概述1. 分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式,它有两种形的另一种形式,它有两种形式:现式:现 在分词(在分词(Present Participle)和过去分词)和过去分词(Past Participle)。)。 2. 现在分词:现在分词:doing 过去分词:规则动词过去分词:规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词不规则动词 3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别:现在分词与过去分词的区别:1.语态上:语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上:时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water总之,总之,分词表分词表;分词表分词表。二、分词的作用二、分词的作用1、作定语、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。(1)前置定语)前置定语Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。(2)后置定语)后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词,放在被修饰的名词现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是短语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。前;如果是短语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing. 上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。(3)过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被)过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被动和完成,只表完成。如:动和完成,只表完成。如:the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题 (既表示被动也表示完成)(既表示被动也表示完成)the fallen leaves 落下的树叶落下的树叶 (只表示完成,不表示被动只表示完成,不表示被动)2、作表语、作表语现在现在分词多表示主语所具有的分词多表示主语所具有的特征特征或或属性属性;过去过去分词分词多表示主语所处的多表示主语所处的状态状态。现在分词表示。现在分词表示“令人令人的的”,过去分词表示过去分词表示“感到感到”. . 分词作表语表示主语的某分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如:种性质或状态。如:She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从你所说的真令从鼓舞。鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。等词。I saw him walking in the street. We found the boy sleeping. A)I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B)I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 1. I found them painting the windows. (现在分词表(现在分词表主动、进行主动、进行)2. I found the windows painted. (过去分词表(过去分词表被动、完成被动、完成)现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语四、作状语现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.