读写译教师用书Unit-Two-Life-Style-and-Health.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date读写译教师用书Unit-Two-Life-Style-and-Health出处： http:/wwwUnit TwoLifestyle and HealthThe Text Introduction Due to the advancement of science and technology, many modern devices make it much easier for people to perform their daily tasks both in workplace and at home. As a result, people have become more and more sedentary, that is, they do much of their work and they entertain themselves just sitting there, with much less physical activity involved. But a sedentary lifestyle is very harmful to peoples health. Numerous studies have shown that there is a correlation between a persons physical activity and his health, and lack of physical activity can affect not only physical health but also psychological well-being of an individual. This article focuses on the problem of sedentary lifestyle in the workplace, and it also mentions the problem at home and in school. By citing many research findings, the author warns us of the harmful consequences of adopting a sedentary lifestyle. Whats more, he suggests what should be done on the part of both individuals and employers to eliminate the negative effects of sedentary habits on peoples health. Language Points1. sedentary a. (Par. 1): characterized by much sitting and little physical exercisee.g. If you have a sedentary job, you must try to set aside time to take exercise. 2. Students are subjected to long periods of being immobile, and they lose concentration because of it. (Par.1): Because students have to sit there for long periods of classes being unable to move, they cant concentrate on their studies.subject v.: (often passive) to cause to experience or suffere.g. He was subjected to torture in prison.We have to take it into consideration that we may be subjected to extreme weather. 3. correlation n.(Par.2): a shared connection of cause and effecte.g. The statistics indicate that there is a high correlation between unemployment and crime. 4. obese a. (Par.3 ): unhealthily fate.g. The doctor asked the obese patient to go on a diet and exercise more.5. “Participants who reported a prior diagnosis of one or more components of the metabolic syndrome took fewer steps/day than healthy participants.” (Par.4): “Participants who reported that they had been diagnosed with one or more metabolic diseases took fewer steps/day than healthy participants.” prior a.: coming or planned beforee.g. Im afraid I cant attend the party because of a prior appointment.diagnosis n.: the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptomse.g. diagnosis of Swine Flu Assigning a type of diabetes to an individual often depends on the circumstances present at the time of diagnosis.component n.: a constituent part or aspect of something more complex e.g. the components of a car / computer Export earnings are the biggest component in the countrys income.syndrome n.: a group of symptoms which consistently occur together or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptomse.g. adult respiratory distress syndrome / adaptation syndrome / familial Down's syndrome6. retain v. (Par.5): to continue to have; to keep possession of e.g. Grandpa is 75 years old, but he still retains his habit of getting up early in the morning. 7. stimuli n. (Par.6): plural of stimulus Stimulus n.: something that causes activity or response e.g. The government has come up with an economic stimulus plan to cope with the global financial crisis.8. and thus people have a predominantly sedentarily conditioned lifestyle. (Par. 6): and people have a lifestyle that is mainly conditioned by sedentary life and work. predominantly adv.: mostly; mainly e.g. The migrant workers in this factory are predominantly from Sichuan Province. conditioned: past participle of condition condition v.: have a significant influence on; determine e.g. The economic development of a region is conditioned by its geographical environment. 9. parallel n. (Par.7): similaritye.g. Obviously there are some parallels between the political systems of the two countries.10. prone a. (Par.7): likely to suffer (usu. something undesirable)e.g. Children are especially prone to this disease, so they should be inoculated against it.11. compose v. (Par.7): to make (esp. oneself) calm, quiet, etc.e.g. Whenever her husband loses his temper, Mary can compose herself and never quarrels with him. 12. eliminate v. (Par.8): to remove or get rid of e.g. To eliminate poverty, the families need not only financial help but also technical training.13. squad n. (Par.8): an athletic team; a small group of people engaged in a common activitye.g. a squad of workmen/policemen On arriving at the camping ground, the students were divided into squads to perform different duties. afdeling drustvo patrulje die Gruppe jagu, salk ryhmä escouade , vod, desetina szakasz regu deild, sveit squadra 分隊 brys vienba; vads skuad sectie lag, patrulje oddzia grupo brigad ; ; rota, ata, oddiel; drustvo vod odred grupp, trupp tim, ekip 班 ; t 班Chinese Translation职场沙发土豆：如何克服久坐不动的习惯贾斯廷沃尔夫(1)现如今，人们越来越青睐久坐不动的生活方式。他们坐着吃饭，坐着玩游戏看电视，坐着旅行，甚至坐着工作。学生们被迫久坐不动，其结果是注意力下降。很多成人去上班，连续几小时坐在办公桌旁。下班他们坐车回家，吃饭，做账，写作业，之后花数小时看电视，打游戏直到就寝。显然，现在的男女老少都缺乏运动，其中一些人还面临肥胖症、心脏病一类的健康问题。这些疾病反过来又引起诸如抑郁或焦虑的心理问题。因此，要恢复人们的身心健康，这些人必须参加运动。(2)北美肥胖症研究协会进行的一项研究表明，一个人的活动量和某些健康问题的有无存在着相关关系。首先，他们在加拿大的爱德华王子岛选了5个相当缺乏体力活动的工作场所， 从中挑选了约100名员工着手研究，接着要求每位员工佩带记步器一种能计算一个人每天所行步数的装置，以期获得他们的体力活动情况。(3)他们的研究数据说明人的体力活动和健康之间存在着高度相关。走路最少的人体质指数最大，舒张血压最糟糕，腰围也最大，这些都是肥胖症的指标。研究还发现，从事办公室工作的每5个人中就有4个体质肥胖。(4)该研究还发现，那些曾诊断出代谢综合症的受试者比健康的受试者每天的步行量要小，这些代谢综合症包括高血压，血胆脂醇过多，心脏病，或型糖尿病。因此可以说，久坐不动的生活方式所引起的缺乏运动很可能导致代谢综合症的出现。总之，活动量太小很有害健康。(5)该研究针对的是活动量小的职业场所，但久坐不动的生活方式已延伸至家庭生活。节省劳力的现代技术(像洗碗机、吸尘器、洗衣机)使人们无需多少劳作就能打理好家务。学校甚至也保持久坐不动的模式。不到36的学校开设体育课。学生没有体育活动，其结果是注意力下降。要培养出更好的学生，学校必须想办法让学生参加更多的体育活动。(6)牛津布鲁克斯大学琼甘地博士的一项研究表明，一般男士每天消耗的卡路里比正常值要少180，一般女士则少142。由此可以推断: 为了消遣，人们一般玩电子游戏、看电视，而这类娱乐性设施使得人们只对坐在那里享受刺激感兴趣。所以说，技术使人们生活中的体力活动减少，人们也就渐渐习惯了坐多动少的生活方式。(7)体力活动不够还会影响人的心理健康。许多研究表明，身心两方面的健康有很多相似之处。运动释放出内啡肽（体内产生的一种起镇痛作用的荷尔蒙），这种化学物质进入血液，到达脑部，使人产生兴奋感。此外，运动可以降低血压，增强人的抗压能力。数以百计的研究和对30例口头报告的研究也表明，运动能治愈临床及亚临床抑郁症和焦虑症。因此，运动是改善心理健康的有效手段，它帮助人们在面对学业和工作负担时镇定情绪。(8)两种方法可以消除久坐不动的习惯对健康的不良影响。首先，个人要做主观努力。可以去慢跑、散步、参加健身俱乐部, 或者(对学生来说)参加一个运动队。其次，雇主和学校要想办法让员工和学生健身。学校要给学生更多休息时间，课间休息可以再长点，并开设体育课。雇主可以让员工每隔一小时围着办公楼走一圈，提出员工健康要求，或者让他们做一些富有创造性的劳动，例如做一个椅子自行车，在午餐之前骑半个小时的自行车等。总之，人们需要运动，不管何种方式都行。Key to the ExercisesPart One: ReadingPre-reading Activities:I. Topic PreviewAnswers will vary.II. Vocabulary previewA. 1. b, c, a 2. b, a, c 3. a, c，b 4. c, a, bB. 1. retains 2. prone 3. parallel 4. prior5. eliminate 6. stimuli 7. components 8. diagnosis9. composed 10. syndrome 11. obese 12. squadPost-reading Activities:I. Discussion1. The author means that people sit too much and lack physical activity. Many health problems such as obesity and heart disease.2. They picked five sedentary workplaces with about 100 employees and asked them to wear pedometers in order to learn about their daily physical activity.3. The people with the fewest steps/day had the greatest BMI, the worst blood pressure, and the largest waist circumference. Etc. It refers to the diseases such as hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.4. People are required to do very little to maintain a household. The schools even retain a sedentary model.5. Technology advancement. 6. Studies show that exercise lowers blood pressure, which, in turn, makes a person less prone to stress; exercise could cure clinical and subclinical depression or anxiety.7. By getting enough amount of exercise both at home and work.8. Answers will vary.II. Vocabulary Review and ExpansionA. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B B.Chinese wordsEnglish translation Chinese words English translation 亚热带的 subtropical 小标题 subtitle潜意识的 subconscious 潜水艇 submarine低于标准的substandard 再分 subdivide 次要情节 subplot 转租sublease / sublet 零度一下的 subzero 亚文化群 subcultureColumn AColumn BColumn Ccriticalhypercritical吹毛求疵的sensitivehypersensitive超级敏感的Texthypertext超文本hyperlinkhyperlink超链接bucksmegabucks大钱starmegastar巨星successfulultra-successful极其成功的modernultramodern超现代的cautiousultracautious极其小心的coloredmulticolored多色的tankersupertanker超级货轮heatedsuperheated过热的enemyarchenemy头号敌人bishoparchbishop大主教rivalarchrival主要对手III. ClozeA. (1) likely (2) obesity (3) sedentary (4) workplace (5) technology (6) maintain (7) entertain (8) video (9) eliminate (10) physical (11) lap (12) pedalingB. (1) persists (2) Chronic (3) quality (4) to (5) what (6) well-being (7) visits (8) level (9) financial (10) workloads (11) troubled (12) originates(13) wherever (14) caring (15) healthierPart Two: WritingExercisesA.To: Fred Chen, Office ManagerFrom: Henry Hu, Facilities ManagerDate: June 12, 2008, Subject: Save electricityDue to a short supply of and a great demand for electricity in this summer, power cut has often occurred in our factory recently. So please urge all office staff to practice economy in the use of power, and remind them to set the temperature of the office air conditioners above 25 degrees and shut off all the office facilities timely.B. Answers will vary.Part Three: Translation TipsExercisesA. 1. 作为理科学生，你应该更好地了解电脑，使用电脑。2. 不要太认真嘛。我只是开玩笑而已。3. 无论如何，劳资双方之间的谈判是富有建设性的。4. 飞机旅行比火车旅行更舒适。5. 我们期待着暑假的到来。6. 我花了三个月才写完这篇会议论文。7. 他有很多好点子，但从不付诸实践。8. 如果早点出发，我们就不会误机了。9. 政府立即采取措施是必要的。10. 听到这个好消息时，她面露喜色。 B. 北美肥胖症研究协会进行的一项研究表明，一个人的体力活动量和某些健康问题的有无存在着相关关系。首先，他们在加拿大的爱德华王子岛选了5个相当缺乏体力活动的工作场所， 从中挑选了约100名员工着手研究，接着要求每位员工佩带记步器-一种能计算一个人每天所行步数的装置，以期获得他们的体力活动情况。Part Four: Supplementary ReadingExercisesA. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. DB. Answers will vary. QuizA. Match each italicized word in Column A with its synonym or definition in Column B.Column AColumn B_ 1. a fire-fighting squad a. likely to suffer_2. eliminate the toxic chemicalsb. team_3. be prone to coldsc. the condition of being very fat_4. pedal to the botanical gardend. get rid of _ 5. a complete diagnosis of the accidente. keep in memory_ 6. high risk for obesityf. ride (a bicycle)_ 7. retain some French wordsg. preceding in time or order _ 8. a prior appointment h. the identification of a problemB. Translate the following paragraph into English.随着科技的进步，人们的生活方式发生了很大变化，各种现代化的新奇装置使人们无须付出太多体力劳动，就能轻松应对居家生活和办公室工作，久而久之，人们坐得多，动得少，习惯了久坐不动的生活方式。但是，这种生活方式会带来很多健康问题，如肥胖症，心脏病等。要保持健康，人们就必须留出足够的时间锻炼，而不是坐在那里看电视或打游戏.Key to the QuizA. 1. b 2. d 3.a 4. f 5. h 6. c 7. e 8. gB. With the development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in peoples lifestyle. A large variety of modern gadgets makes it possible for people to handle household and office work without having to exert themselves too much physically. Day by day, they sit more, exercise less and become used to being sedentary. But the sedentary lifestyle can bring about a lot of health problems such as obesity and heart disease. To keep healthy, people should set aside adequate time to work out instead of sitting there watching TV or playing video games. -