现代大学英语听力2Unit-3.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date现代大学英语听力2Unit-3现代大学英语听力2Unit-3Unit  3Task  1【答案】A. 1) Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs.2) The most stressful professions are those that involve danger and extreme pressure and those that carry a lot of responsibility without much control.3) The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer is to fight back or walk away.B.1) Three-quarters 2) psychologists, doctors  3) nervousness, anger, frequent illness, forgetfulness, mental problems【原文】Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs. Three-quarters of the office workers today say they suffer from stress at work. Recently, psychologists and doctors have begun to study the problem more closely. They have discovered that the most stressful professions are those that involve danger, extreme pressure and those that carry a lot of responsibility without much control.The sign of stress range from nervousness, anger, and frequent illness to forgetfulness or even mental problems. The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer is to fight back or walk away.Task 2【答案】A.1)      give in so easily to hijackers demandsa) threaten to blow up a plane, commit some other outageb) hold out against this kind of blackmail, always have terrorists, Start executing terrorists automaticallyc)      be prepared to face the consequences of evil2) a) Its the lesser of two evils. Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business.b)      Innocent lives, threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.B. She implies that if the first speaker was one of the victims of terrorism, she would want the government to give in to the demands so that she wouldnt die.【原文】Margaret: Governments give in so easily to hijackers demands. A hijacker only has to threaten to blow up a plane or commit some other outrage, and a government gives in to his demands.Valerie: Naturally. Its the lesser of the two evils. What government would risk innocent lives just to see if terrorists will really do what they threaten to do? Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business.Margaret: Yes, but if a government doesnt hold out against this kind of blackmail, we will always have terrorists. Governments are afraid to punish these people. They almost always let them go free. Start executing terrorists automatically wherever they land, and terrorism will stop.Valerie: And what about the innocent lives that will be lost in the process? Terrorism is based on the simple idea that threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.Margaret: You cant get rid of evil without being prepared to face the consequences of evil.Valerie: So long as youre not one of the victims!Task 3【答案】A.  1) thirty-five, natural light, a small window, hot, airless, very noisy  2) Mexico 3) ought to, shouldntB.1) It is located in a narrow street with five-and six-storey buildings eight kilometers from downtown Los Angeles.2) This factory makes shirts and jeans3) Shes already been working for ten hours, but wont stop for another two hours.4) She cant complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.【原文】Eight kilometers from downtown Los Angeles there is a narrow street with five- and six-storey buildings. Inside one of these buildings there is a small factory making shirts and jeans. The women working in the factory sit close together, each with a small table, each with their own sewing machine. The women say nothing, and work hard. In one of the rooms there are thirty-five women. There is only a little natural light, and this comes from a small window in the roof. The room is hot, airless, and very noisy. On the left-hand side of the room there is a young girl sitting next to the wall. Every now and again she closes her eyes, and her fingers stop working. She's already been in her chair for ten hours, but she'll be here until the bell rings and that won't be for another two hours. Her name is Maria, and she comes from Mexico. She won't complain about her work. She won't say that the working hours ought to be changed; she won't say that the working conditions shouldn't be permitted. Task 4【答案】A.Every year the British government publishes statistics about social trends. Their findings show definite patterns in the British way of life.1)      marked differencesa)       one hour more every day, three hours more every weekb)      1 percent, cleaning and ironing, keep household accounts, do repairs or improvementsc)      30 percent2)      leisure activities, watching television, 20 hours a week, going for walks, Swimming, British womenB. Unlike the other couples, Carla has always kept her won accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.【原文】When Adrian Hutton and Carla Leone get married they will move into a new house that they have bought. But what sort of life will they have? What can they expect in modern Britain? Every year the British government publishes statistics about social trends. Their findings show definite patterns in the British way of life. In most marriages there are some marked differences between husbands and wives. Working wives, for example, sleep (on average) one hour more a day than working husbands. Housewives, on the other hand, sleep only about three hours more every week than their working husbands. And what about housework? The government survey showed that only 1% of men do the household chores like cleaning and ironing. But they do usually keep household accounts and it is always men who do repairs or improvements in the house. 30% of all marriages end in divorce. The government survey also looked at leisure activities. They found that the two most popular leisure activities in Britain are watching television (the average family spends 20 hours a week in front of the TV set) and going for walks. Swimming is an especially popular activity among British women.Carla and Adrian's life, though, will probably be different from the average marriage. In the first place Carla has always kept her own accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.Task  5【答案】A. Topic: How a city in Japan solve the problem of garbage disposal.Supporting details: 160 million, every year, 10 percent, 10 percent, the rest, public cooperation1) garbage that can be easily burned, kitchen and garden trash2) electrical appliances, plastic tools, plastic toys3) are poisonous, cause pollution, batteries4) bottles and glass containers that can be recycled5) metal containers that can be recycled6) furniture and bicycledon different days, on request, fertilizer, to produce electricity, recycled, cleaned, repaired, resold cheaply, give awayB.1) The garbage will be taken to a center that looks like a clean new office building or hospital. Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort and process the garbage.2) Official from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.【原文】Disposing of the garbage we produce every day is a major problem in cities around the world. In the United States, over 160 million tons of garbage are produce every year. Ten percent is recycled, ten percent is burned, and the rest is put in landfills. But finding land for new landfills is becoming more difficult.A city that has solved this problem in an unusual way is Machida, in Tokyo, Japan. They have developed a totally new approach to garbage disposal. The key to the operation is public cooperation. Families must divide their garbage into six categories:1. garbage that can be easily burned (that is, combustible garbage) such as kitchen and garden trash?;2. noncombustible garbage, such as small electrical appliances, plastic tools, and plastic toys?;3. products that are poisonous or that cause pollution, such as batteries and fluorescent lights?;4. bottles and glass containers that can be recycled?;5. metal containers that can be recycled?;6. large items, such as furniture and bicycles.The items in categories1 to 5 are collected on different days. Large items are only collected upon request. Then the garbage is taken to a center that looks like a clean new office building or hospital. Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort and process the garbage. Almost everything can be reused: garden or kitchen trash becomes fertilizer; combustible garbage is burned to produce electrical; metal containers and bottles are recycled; and old furniture, clothing, and other useful items are cleaned, repaired, and resold cheaply or given away. The work provides employment for handicapped person and gives them a chance to learn new skills.Nowadays, officials from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.Task  6【答案】1) They were talking about Mrs. Carter.2) She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a week.3) She lived alone in a large house on an old farm-about three miles from the shop.4) He was absolutely certain, otherwise he would never call the police. His evidence was this: First, he saw her do it; second, he found the things in her bag; third, she had done it before.5) Because two young people saw her. The shopkeeper believed that if they didnt punish her, young people would think that stealing didnt matter.6) The judge thought that it was difficult case from a humanitarian point of view. The excuses her found for her were: First, the woman was old and she lived alone-she was lonely. Second, she wasnt poor-she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didnt need to steal. Te items were only worth a pound or two. Third, she pleaded not guilty and she didnt know that she had done it.【原文】Shopkeeper: I knew Mrs. Carter very well. She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a week. She lived alone in a large house on an old farm about three miles from here. People ask me if I am certain she did it. The answer is yes. I was absolutely certain, otherwise I would never have called the police. In the first place, I saw her do it. I watched her put the things into her bag and I watched her walk out of the store. In the second place, we found the things in her bag, and finally, she had done it before. It wasn't the first time. I think she was in such a confused state that she didnt know what she was doing, but two other people say her two young people. We had to punish her, otherwise young people would think that stealing didnt matter.Judge: It was a difficult case from a humanitarian point of view. The woman was old and she lived alone she was lonely. She wasnt poor she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didnt need to steal. The items were only worth a pound or two. She pleaded not guilty and said she didnt know that she had done it. From the legal point of view the case was straightforward. The woman stole; she was caught and reported. There were witnesses. She had to be punished or else no one could be punished for stealing.Task  7【答案】A. not all modern cities are alike; modern city.1) a single high-density center, skyscrapers, motorways, as far as you can see2) the low-density multi-center city, a large collection of a number of small centers, shopping centers, factories, businesses, skyscrapersB.1) He thinks that the second type( the Los Angeles model) is more sensible.2) He considers it highly likely that the kind of city we know now will completely disappear.【原文】Interviewer: Would you say then that all modem cities are pretty much alike?Urban Planner: Quite definitely not. There seem to be two types of modem city. In type one there is a single high-density centre, and that's where you'll find the skyscrapers. This is surrounded by motorways. And all around this centre, low-density suburbs stretch as far as you can see. This is like Houston, or Calgary, or Toronto. Interviewer: And the second type?Urban Planner: The other type is like Los Angeles the low-density multi-centre city. As I'm sure you know Los Angeles is really a large collection of a number of small centres, each with its shopping centres, factories, businesses, and skyscrapers scattered everywhere. In a way it's almost one enormous suburb.   Interviewer: Do you. think one type is better than the other?Urban Planner: I think the Los Angeles model is more sensible.  Interviewer: And so do you think Los Angeles is the city of the future?Urban Planner: Well, it is arguable that the next step after Los Angeles is the complete disappearance of the city, with no real centre, where well-designed forms of urban life-modem factories and office blocks which are clean and quiet, and beautiful forms of rural life the trees and parks of suburbs, live side by side.   Interviewer: So are you saying that the city as we know it will disappear.Task  8【答案】A.1) He thinks that this countrys problems all come from inflation, which is the result of the Democrats careless spending.2) No, she doesnt agree with Ned. She believes that the problem is unemployment. If the government cuts spending too much, people will fall into a vicious circle of more unemployment and fewer taxpayers to share the burden.3) She agrees with Barbara. She believes that unemployment is a big problem, especially in the big industrial cities. And the government isnt doing very much to help the big industries out.4) He believes in the free market system rather than government regulation or protection. He thinks that without a lot of government interference everything will be okay.5) No, they think its bad for the weak, the poor and the unprotected/ its bad for the underprivileged.B.more and more money, come from somewhere, higher taxes and higher prices【原文】Ned: . you know, I think this country's problems all come from inflation. That's the main cause of our troubles right now. And what's causing the inflation? It's the reckless spending of the Democrats! Every year they spend more and more money, and that money has to come from somewhere. So we pay it in t