高中情态动词讲解.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高中情态动词讲解高中情态动词讲解情态动词专项讲解1. China is developing its high-speed train technology fast, so it _be good enough to catch up with the best. A. may B. might C. must D. should2. Then some other interesting reasons appear, such as “It's so smoggy that I _find my way to office."A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. shouldnt3. "The world is big, and I want to see it," wrote a teacher in her resignation letter. _ you quit your job to travel the world? A. Must B. Might C. Should D. Would 【答案揭晓】CCD一、情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形或其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能.应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。1. No driving electric motorbikes in some areas is a rule that we shall obey in Fuzhou. 必须.一定（法律.法规等） 动词原形2. Women who are exposed to second-hand smoke during their pregnancy can be at risk of abortion.能，会，可以(表示有能力或机会) 动词原形二、常考情态动词的关键用法(一) can1. Jim，it is time you went to bedYou need to get up early tomorrow.Its not fair，Mary can stay up till ten hut I have to go to bed at eight.可以(表示允许)2.If it were not for the fact that she can't sing，I would invite her to the party.能，会，可以(表示有能力)3. Luckily, iron can be reworked and mistakes don't have to be thrown away能够，可以(表示某事物的特点)4.Peter can be really difficult to get along with at times even though hes a nice person in general. 有可能;有时会5. I cannot choose but to go.不能，无法 (用于否定句，表示情况不允许)6.I cannot thank you enough,it has been a wonderful day. 再.也不为过 ( 也可以用can never/hardly.too much)7.Is Jack on duty today?It can't be him.Its his turn tomorrow.不可能 (can可用于否定句/疑问句中表猜测，此句表对现在的猜测)8.Can he have been chosen as captain of the football team? Yes, he must have. 可能 （can可用于否定句/疑问句中表猜测，can have done表示对过去的猜测猜测）9. This old lady was struggling out of the train and I said, 'Oh, can I help you?'能 (通常用于疑问句，表示建议或提议帮忙)10. Can you just lift the table for a second?(用于疑问句时,can 表示礼貌的请求，而 can't 表示强烈请求） (二) could1.For my return journey, I felt I could afford the extra and travel first class能;会 (表示发生在过去的能力)2.I feel bored with nothing interesting to do.-You could watch TV. There will be a very good Hollywood film on this evening.可以(表示提议或建议)3. Could I have a look? -Of course you can. 表许可（委婉的语气用could，回答时用can）4. An improvement in living standards could be years away.可能(表示某事可能属实或可能发生，对将来或者现在发生事情的肯定猜测)5.When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board couldn't have thought_ that only half of 可能 (could have done，只用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去发生事情的猜测)them would return again. 高.考.资.源.网6. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed  it differently.(could have done用于肯定句中，表虚拟语气，表示过去本有可能发生的事情但却并未发生，不能使用 cant have done的形式)（三）be able to1.Even if standardized tests like the SAT could show a students academic proficiency（学业水平）,they will never be able to test things like confidence, efforts and willpower, and are unable to give us the full picture of a students potentialities（潜力） 【解析】be able to 解释为“能够”，有各种时态的形式。注：can 和be able to 都可以表示能力.can泛指一般的能力,而且只有两种形式,即:can, couldbe able to 则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力，其形式主要是靠be 发生变化，所以形式比can 多可以说：I can swim. I am able to swim. 但是不能说：All the people could escape from the big fire in time. 只能说：All the people were able to escape from the fire in time.(四) may1.Every one of us may plant a tree in the school, or organize a thorough cleaning on the campus.可以(表许可)2. （1）Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they may just be quiet people.有可能，也许(may表猜测，用于肯定或否定句中，此例表示对现在某种情况的猜测）（2）You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customersmay not like the design of the furniture. 也许，可能(may表猜测，用于肯定或否定句中，may not 为“可能不”的意思)（3）I cant find my purse anywhere.Youmay have lost it while shopping.(may表猜测，may have done表示对过去或者现现在已经完成的动作的肯定猜测) 3.May God bless you! 祝;但愿(五) might1.I was wondering if I might ask you a favor? 可不可以，能否(用于礼貌地打断别人.提出问题.做出请求或引出接下来要说的话)2.Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry，I am not sure.But it might be.可能(表不是很有把握的猜测，语气比may 弱)3.Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.You might have put it in the wrong place.(might表猜测，might have done则表示对过去或者现已完成的动作的肯定猜测=may have done)4. I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I might have driven her there.（此处，might have done表虚拟语气，意为“过去原本可能/可以做到的事而未做”）5.This holiday isnt much fun; we mightmay as well be back home.只好(做);(做)也无妨(六) will1.The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.将（表示将来）2.You will carry out these instructions and report back into this afternoon.(表示将来的正式安排)3.He will become her senior adviser- her deputy, if you will.愿意4.-Anyone, answer the phone? - I will. 临时的决定5. Mary will sit for hours reading. The window will not open, however hard he tries. 表现在经常反复的动作或者趋向6. Man will die without air.表必然性(七) would1.John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.（will 的过去式，用于转述）将2.Hurry up! It would be a shame to miss the beginning of the play.Shed be a fool to accept it.将，将会(表示判断或看法)3.She wouldnt change it even though she knew it was wrong.不愿(表示意愿) 4.When he had a problem to solve，he would work at it until he found an answer. 常常（表示过去的习惯）She would be always the first to offer to help. The car wouldnt start this morning.老是，总是（表趋向） (八) shall1.We/I shall call you back this afternoon.(表将来用于No.1人称)2.- Has Mr. Tom White arrived? - Yes, already. Shall he wait outside or just come in? (shall用在疑问句中，且主语为No.1/No.3人称，表示征求对方意见)3.（1）What does the sign over there read?“No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”（2）“The interest shall be divided into five parts，according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge.（3）You shall get the answer tomorrow.（4）They shall not be allowed in after 11 p.m. (shall用在陈述句中，且主语为No.2/No.3人称时，表示允诺、命令、警告、决心或规定)(九) should/ought to1. I think Ill give Bob a ring. You should. You havent been in touch with him for ages.应该;应当2. (1) Margaret should not stay at home all day long in front of the TV.应该，必须(表示给出指示或公布官方命令)(2) That' s rightShe ought to go to the fitness center with us. 应该，必须3.There should not be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot.应该，可能 (表示预期或可能性)4.If you should be fired, your health and pension benefits will not be automatically cut off将要，假定要 (用在虚拟条件从句中表示事件发生的可能性)5.I insisted that we should have a look at every car应该(用在某些动词、名词之后that引导的虚拟语气从句中) 6. Its surprising/strange that he should be a thief. 竟然 （用在某些adj./n. 之后that 引导的虚拟语气中）7.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You should have told her last week. (should have done=ought to have done， 表示本应该做的事而未做)8.You oughtnt to have been late for yesterdayS class meeting，as it was so important (ought not to have done=should not have done，表示过去本不该做的事却做了) 注：ought to与 should的用法区别如下1. 一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。如：You ought to/should go and see Mary. 你应该去看看玛丽。2. 表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则强调个人意见、主观看法。如：We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will. 明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们去不了。 (此句不宜用should)。3. 在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should. 如：You should not run alongside the swimming-pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑(十) must/ have to1. Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry.必须，应当 (通常因为规定或法律)2. In crowded places like airports and railway stations， you must take care of your luggage.务必，一定要 (用于表示建议或邀请)John，look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour?偏偏，非要 (用于问句中表示生气)4. Tom，you mustn't leave all your clothes on the floor like this!一定不要Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She_must be_in the classroom. I saw her there just now.很可能是，想必是，肯定是(must表猜测，只用于肯定句中，此句是对现在的猜测)Guess what？ I have got A for my term paper.Great!You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it. (must have done表示据已知情况对过去情况进行肯定的推测，只用于肯定句中)Some aspects of a pilots job can be boring，and pilots often have to work at inconvenient hours.必须，不得不What do you think we can do for our aged parents?You dont have to do anything except to be with them and be yourself.不必【解析】have to和must1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2) have to有人称.数.时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必" mustn't 表示"禁止"，You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。(十一) need/ dare1. What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well， it need not be bigthats not important.必要(need作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中)2. Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You neednt have done it.I could manage it myself. (neednt have done 表示过去本不必做的事却做了)3. I dare say you are British but you still need a passport to prove it.可能，大概;想必，我想【固定搭配】4. The goverment dare not raise interest rates again. 敢(dare作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中)5. How dare you talk to me like that? 竟敢(dare作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中)【解析】1.need/dare作情态动词无人称或数的变化， 后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中，但I dare say 例外。2.need 作为行为动词有人称和数的变化， 后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to 的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。如：（1）She needs help.她需要帮助。（2）-Do I need to go at once? 我需要马上走吗？ 区别 Need I go at once?- Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.（3）It was Sunday and she didnt need to go to work. So she stayed at home. (后加to，实义动词) She neednt have gone to work that day. She could have stayed at home.（后加原形，情态动词）3.dare用作实义动词，其后可带动词不定式，否定句中也可带省to不定式，且有人称和数以及时态的变化。例如： (1) I dare to jump down from the top of the wall. 我敢从那墙头上跳下来。 (2) She doesn't/didnt dare (to) meet her teacher's eyes. 她不敢与老师对视。 三、情态动词重点用法小结表示猜测（可能性）词形肯定式否定式疑问式must必然.必定/should按说应该/ought to按说应该/can/不可能有可能吗？could微弱的可能不可能语气比can弱may或许，也许，可能不/might比 may 还弱比may not 还弱/【注】对现在或者将来可能发生事情的猜测的结构为： must/should/ought to/cant/could/may/might + V(原形) 对过去可能发生事情的猜测的结构为： must/ cant/couldnt/may/might + have V-ed 例如：He may/might/must/should be on his way home now.(现在) I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.（过去）情态动词+have done情态动词+完成式用法例句must have done(过去)想必/准是/一定做了否定为：cant/couldnt have doneIt must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.can/could not have done用于疑问句/否定句，表猜测，(过去)可能做了某事Can he have gone to his aunts?He cannot have forgotten it.could have done表虚拟，用于肯定句，“过去本可以做而未做”Tom could have done better in the exam.may/might （not）have done1.也许，或许（肯定句）2.可能不（否定句）3.表虚拟语气，“(过去)本可以做到而没做到”Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.He may not have finished the work.You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.should/ought to have done(过去)本该做某事，而实际上未做You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.should not/ought not to have done(过去)本不该做某事，而实际上做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.neednt have done(过去)本不必做某事而做了You neednt have taken a taxi there, for it was very near to my house.had better （not） have done(过去)最好（没）做了You had better not have scolded me.would rather （not） have done宁愿(过去)（没）做了I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.would like/love （not） to have done(过去)本（不）打算做但未做成I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.情态动词解题技巧关键词：一情，二境，三时(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气.情感.态度.观点等。 (2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。    (3) 要注意把握时间概念。 例如： Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. 过去 “（要）没你” A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A.C两项，再结合could (not) have done表示猜测可知说话者想表达的意思是：要没你，我们不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。情态动词经典考题1. I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't2. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need3. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced4. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol. A. wouldn't B. needn't C. won't D. mustn't5. Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on yet.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt6. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt 7. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had had C. have D. had8. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will9. I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 10. _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would11. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 12.We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneednt Ccant Dmustnt 13.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been14.Its nearly seven oclock , Jack be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.should D.can15.We last night , but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would study参考答案：DACDC CDCBC BBDCC-