2022年必修五第四单元知识点 .pdf

必修五 Unit4 1.occupation n. 职业，工作Please state your name, age and . 用法： occupy v. Reading occupies (=takes up) most of my free time. 阅读占去了我空闲时间的大部分。The bathroom is occupied. 浴室有人在用。Occupy oneself( in doing sth/with sth)=be occupied (in doing sth/with sth.) =keep oneself busy (doing sth/with sth) 忙着 (做某事 );忙(于某事物 ) He s occupied in looking after/ with three small children.by occupation=by profession 就职业来说He is a bus driver by occupation. 他的职业是公车司机He is a lawyer by profession. （profession 职业 -professional 职业的 -professor 专家）2.suppose表示“猜想；认为”之意，相当于think 或 guess ，常见用法有：后接宾语从句。如：John supposed that he could find some coins soonI dont suppose she will agree with us ，will she ？后接名词或代词不定式（不定式为to be 时常可省略）。如：We all suppose him（to be）an expert in this field 与 believe，think ，guess，expect 等一样，后接so或 not，后面省略了宾语部分。如：Will he come with us ？他会跟我们来吗？Yes，I suppose so我想会的。Will it rain tomorrow？明天会下雨吗？No，I suppose not I dont suppose so我想不会。与 believe，think ，guess，expect 一样，可构成复杂特殊疑问句（特殊疑问词do you suppose 宾语从句的其它部分）。如：When do you suppose they will take the exam ？你认为他们什么时候考试？Who do you suppose turned up last night ？你认为昨晚谁来过？suppose或 supposing 放在句首，表条件，引导状语从句，相当于if 或 in case 等。如： Suppose Supposing the car breaks down，what shall we do ？万一车子抛锚，我们怎么办？Suppose Supposing they didnt believe it ，how should we try to persuade them ？suppose 宾语从句可用来表建议，意为“怎么样？”或“何不？”。如：Suppose we go for a picnic tomorrow 我们明天去野餐怎么样？Suppose we put off the meeting 我们把会议推迟吧。be supposed to. 意为“应该”；“被期望”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike. 老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - be supposed to后面接“ have + 过去分词”时，或 was/were +supposed to do 表示“本应该做某事而没做”。如：You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now. 现在你应该已经把作业交上来了。He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他应该一小时前就到了。We were supposed to be here at 8.00, but we are late. 3. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular local newspaper. 这里是倒装 , 此句的正常句序是: Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment at the office of . 注意 : 当一些 否定词 ,如: never, little, hardly, scarcely, seldom, not, not only, no sooner（ than 刚就）放在句首 时,句子 部分倒装：Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else can you find（你能找到） such a beautiful place. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life had I felt （我感到） so happy.Only+ 状语放在句首，部分倒装Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. Only by seizing every minute can we finish it on time. Only then did we realize that the man was blind. Only when his dream comes true does she feel relieved. Only 修饰其他成分，如主语不引起倒装Only Mike has got the invitation. 4. His discussion 讨论 with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.新闻工作者be to +动词原形 ,这里表示 将来的时态 ,有注定的意味。His continuous effort is to make him a successful man. （注定）You are to be back before 10pm.(必须）The letter is to be handed to him in person. ( 必须）When are you to leave for home? （按计划或安排要做）She is to be married next month. （按计划或安排要做）You are to report to the police.( 应该）You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room. （应该）If we are to be there before ten, we ll have to go now. （想，打算）Such books are to be found in the library. （可能性）If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.(用于“ if were to do”，表示虚拟语气 ) was/ were to have done, 表示“本打算”、“本计划”或“本应当”做的事而没有做成或没有发生。We were to have told you, but you were not in. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 5. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England.但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响。influence vt. & n. 影响，感化 ,影响力have a bad, good, beneficial, harmful, influence with / on 对.有影响under the influence of在影响下The book had a great influence on his life. Under the influence of my friend, I bought a red coat. 6. delight n.&v. 愉快，乐趣，快乐to ones delight 令感到愉快的是take delight in sth /doing sth 乐于 , 爱好delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴delight in 喜欢 , 嗜好delighted adj. be delighted to do The kids rushed down to the beach with/ in delight. 高兴地To my secret delight, Sarah announced that she was leaving. 令某人暗自高兴Tom takes great delight in making fun of his sister.喜欢 以为乐趣The teacher delighted us with his humor. There are so many delights in travels. 介词填空：1) I took delight _ books. 2) _ his delight, he passed the driving test. 3) She delights _being surrounded by admirers. In/To/in 7. Wait till you are more experienced. 等你积累一些经验了才行. 1) v. 经历 ,体验Our country has experienced great changes. 2) n. experience 可数经历 ,经历的事情不可数经验 ,体验That was an unpleasant experience. He hadn t enough experience for the job.3）experienced adj. 有经验的 ,熟练的 ,有 见识经验丰富的常与介词in 或 at 连用+doing An experienced doctor He is experienced in/at bargaining . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 8. eager - eagerly adv. 渴望地，热切地be eager for /about sth. 渴望，很想be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事Students are eager for new knowledge. 学生们渴望知识I am eager about progress. 我渴望进步She is eager to visit her boss. 她急于去看她的老板eagerness n. 热切 ,渴望9.assist vt./vi.援助，帮助；assistance n. 帮助援助assistant n.助理助手assist (sb) to do sth =assist (sb) in doing assist sb with sth. = help sb with sth 帮某人做某事e.g This program assists young people to find work. You will be required to assist him in preparing a report. These measures were designed to assist people with disabilities. 10.concentrate v. 集中，聚集concentration n. 集中，集合concentrate on/upon sth 专心致志做某事She couldnt concentrate on a book very long. 她不能长时间专心读一本书。同义短语： fix / focus / center one s attention on=put one s heart into=be absorbed in=be buried in=be devoted to 11. Not only but also 引导的并列句, 如 not only 位于句首 , not only 所在句倒装。Not only will I go, but also I will take my parents there. 不仅我自己会去， 我还会带我的父母去12.acquire(通过不断的学习，询问慢慢获得学问，技术。）取得 ,获得Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work. 学到 ,掌握She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher. 辨析：get 为获得的最普通用语obtain 表示经过很长时间或经过很大的努力而获得期望已久得东西。gain 表付出更大的努力才能获得，译为赢得。13. have a nose for 对很敏感 ;很善于发现此类形象表达法还有：She has an ear for music. 对有欣赏能力She has an eye for color and style in clothes. 对有眼光Don t poke your nose into other people s business.管闲事，插手与己无关的事George turned his nose up at classical music. 对不屑一顾，看不起名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - Tell us what happened. We are all ears. 正在听着，洗耳恭听He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 对听不进去Don t tell him anything. He has a big mouth. 嘴不严14.inform vt. 告知，通知inform sb (of /about sth) =tell sb inform sb thateg:1)Did you inform them of the progress of the work? 你把工作进程告诉他们了吗？2)Well keep you informed (of /about what happens) . 我们将随时向你报告情况。15.meanwhile adv = meantime = in the meantime /meanwhile= at the same time 同时My mother went shopping. Meanwhile, I cleaned the house. 妈妈去购物，与此同时，我打扫房间。16.depend on/upon +wh- 从句视 .而定 , 取决于depend on/ upon+ n 依靠 ,依赖 , 确(坚)信depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做depend on/upon +it +that . 指望 . That (all) depends./ it all depends. ( 口语 )视情况而定，单独使用或置于句首。汉译英：1、You can t depend on your parents forever. 你不能永远依赖你的父母。2、You can t depend on him to come on time. 你不能指望他能按时来。3、You may depend on it that he will come. 你可相信他会来。4、I may help you. But that/ it depends. 我能帮你，但那要看情况而定。5、Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. 你能否通过考试取决于你有多努力。17.case n. 事 (实)例 ,情形；情 (状)况 ;案件，诉讼eg:This is a common case where the word can be used.这是这个单词运用的常用例子。in case 假使；免得， 以防 ,以防万一 (引导状语从句， 从句谓语用一般现在时，不用将来时态 ) in case of . 假使 ,如果发生in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in no case 无论如何不 ,在任何情况下决不(置于句首时，句子采用倒装语序) in the case of . 就. .来说，至于in this/that case 既然这 /那样，假使这/那样eg:1)I will stay at home all day long in case he calls me. 我将一整天呆在家里，以防他给我打电话。2)In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇火警，就按警铃。3)In no case will I give in to difficulty.我绝不会向困难低头4)You have finished, haven t you? In that case, you may go.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 18.accuse vt. 指责，谴责；控告accuse sb. of sth.指控某人做某事= charge sb. with sth.指责某人做某事eg:1)The police accused him of theft. 警察控告他偷窃。2)He was accused of murder. 他被控谋杀。归纳总结：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事/使某人想起某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事suspect sb.of sth. 怀疑某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事cure sb. of sth. 治好某人rob sb. of sth.抢了某人19.get the wrong end of the stick 完全误解，弄错He got (held of) the wrong end of the stick 他完全搞错了。20.so as to do sth. “为了”不能用在句首= in order to do sth. 可放句子中任何位置=so that +从句= in order that + 从句句型转换 : I got up at five so as to catch the train= I got up at five in order to catch the train. =I got up at five so that I could catch the train. 我买了些牛肉和蔬菜，为的是给晚饭做个汤：I bought some beef and vegetables so as to make a soup for dinner. I bought some beef and vegetables in order to make a soup for dinner I bought some beef and vegetables so that I could make a soup for dinner I bought some beef and vegetables in order that I could make a soup for dinner 21.deny vt. 否定 ,否认 +v-ing+(that) There is no denying that.事实不可否认. I do not deny that is a serious blow. 我不否认那是严重的一击。deny doing=deny having done He denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。He didnt deny the facts.他不否认事实。拒绝给予 ;拒绝 .的要求Women were denied the right to vote then. 那时妇女被拒给选举权。22.demand 用作名词，有以下两个用法：表示“要求”：They rejected the union demand. 他们拒绝了工会的要求。表示“需求”：meet/satisfy the demand 满足需求There is a great demand for typists. 需要大量的打字员。These goods are in good demand. 这些货物销量很大。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 用作动词， 意为“要求” 、 “需求” ，通常为及物动词，其宾语可以是名词、不定式、 that 从句(从句谓语通常为虚拟的)。如：名词 (或代词 )：The workers also demanded higher wages. 工人们还要求提高工资。不定式： She demanded to see the editors. 她要求见编辑。He demanded to be told everything. 他要求把一切都告诉他。从句： I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即到那里去。比较同义句：He demanaded an immediate answer 名词 (或代词 ).He demanded to get an immediate answer.不定式他要求马上得到答复。He demanded to be told everything 不定式 . He demanded that he (should) be told everything. 从句 他要求把一切都告诉他。【注】 demand 可后接不定式，但通常不接不定式的复合结构，若意义上需要这类结构，可换成that 从句或在demand 后接of。如：他要求她同我们一起去。误： He demanded her to go with us. 正： He demanded that she (should) go with us. 正： He demanded of her to go with us. 表示“向某人要求某物”，可用demand sth of from sb 。如：He demanded an apology from the boss. 他要求老板道歉23.ahead of . (时间，空间 )在.前面；早于；领先eg:1)Three boys were ahead of us.有三个小伙子在我们前面。2)I finished the work several days ahead of the deadline.我在最后期限的前几天完成了工作3)She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.她总是遥遥领先班上的同学。ahead of time 24.set to work set to (doing) sth. = get down to (doing) sth.set out to do sth. / set about doing sth 着手做某事 . pay attention to( to 是介词 )专心做 . look forward to 寻找 . devote to 全身心投入 . be/get used to. +do 过去常常+doing 习惯于lead to 导致. stick to坚持，忠于，紧跟. object to反对 . contribute to. 有助于 ,贡献 ,促成 . 25.approve vt. 赞成；认可；批准; 通过approval n.u. 赞成，同意，批准，许可approving adj. 赞成的，同意的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - eg:1)She doesnt want to take her new boyfriend home in case her parents dont approve (of him).她不愿把新男朋友带回家，怕父母不同意。2)I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please dont neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣些钱，可是请不要耽误了功课。3)The course is approved by the Department for Education. 课程已获得教育部批准。26.Chief n./ adj. 首席 ,主要的 ,首领1)He is the chief of our team. 2)The president is also a chief of the armed forces. 3)He is the chief engineer of the project. 4)The chief reason for going to school is to learn. 27.process vt./n. 加工，处理，审阅；过程，程序，步骤eg:1)Please process the film.请把胶卷冲洗一下。2)It may take a few weeks for your application to be processed. 审阅你的申请书也许要花几个星期的时间。3)Building a car is a long process. 制造一辆小汽车是一个很长的工序。4)Changes are in process. 变化正在发生。5)The house is in (the) process of repair. 房子正在修理中。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -