英语时态结构-标志词总结.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语时态结构-标志词总结英语时态结构，标志词总结英语时态结构，标志词总结、一般现在时结构：主+be(am/is/are)+其他/ 主+实义动词+其他/ 主+情态动词+动原+其他标志词：often, always, usually, sometimes , every week (day/year/month), once a week, on Sundays, on weekdays，from time to time、一般将来时结构：主+will/shall+其他/主+be going to +其他/主+be+动-ing+其他标志词：tomorrow,in the future, next week , next Sunday,the day after tomorrow，in+ 一段时间,soon，from now on、一般过去时结构：主+be(was/ were)+其他/ 主+动词过去式+其他/ 标志词：一段时间ago,yesterday, in 1945，at that time，once，during the war，before,in the past , the day before yesterday, last week(year/ night/ month), just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time，this morning，a moment ago、现在完成时结构：主+have/has+动词过去分词+其他标志词：ever, never, since, already, yet, just, before, twice, once ,three times, at the moment, at present/for+时间段；since+时间点/常见的副词：lately，recently，up to now, till now,so far, these days，in the past few years(monthsweeksdays)、现在进行时结构：主+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+其他标志词：now,at the moment !at this time ,these days ,Look!Listen! 、过去进行时结构：主+be(was/ were)+动词现在分词+其他标志词：at that moment, at this time of yesterday, at eight last night，at 8:00am yesterday，at this time last night ,at that time 、过去完成时结构：主+had+动词过去分词+其他标志词：by the end of last year(term, month)，过去完成时常用在told，said，knew，heard等词后的宾语从句或间接引语中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。、过去将来时结构：主+would/should+其他/主+was/were going to +其他标志词：the next day/morning/year，the following year/week/month英语部分语法顺口溜、名词：记住f(e)结尾的名词复数：(把f(e)变成v在加es)妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌； 躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。 “某国人”的单复数：中日不变(Chinese、Japanese )英法变(Englishman/BritishmanEnglishmen/Britishmen 、FrenchmanFrenchmen)其余s加后面(Australians、Germans、Russians、Americans、Indians、Italians、Koreans 、Canadians)巧计名词单复数同形的：中国人和日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼Chinese 、Japanese、sheep、deer、fish巧记以-o结尾加-es的词：A.“两人两菜”（hero, negro, potato, tomato)B.一句话 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes. 巧记不规则名词单变复：男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.、动词：Be动词的用法：我用am，你用are，is跟着他她它，凡是复数都用are感官使役动词“八字言”： 一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 半帮助：help(另外还有：notice ,taste ,smell)感官使役动词用法：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪；主动句里to走开，被动句里to回来用“不定式”和“动名词”造成的意义上的差别归为五点：不定式 动名词A）.某一具体行动 指一般的、经常的情况B）.表示主语和宾语的动作 可能表示任何人的动作C）.主动 被动D）.未发生的事 已发生的事E）.短暂的或可能进行的事 延续的或重复发生的事接“不定式”作宾语的动词：(vt+to do)三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide不要假装在选择：petend，choose要求跟“不定式”作宾补的动词：(vt+sb/sth +to do)(1)劝教命请叫(advise, teach, order, command, ask, tell)(2)允许又警告( allow, permit, warn)(3)使役表意向(cause, let, have, make, lead, set, leave, get, wish, want, expect)(4)知觉动词妙(feel, hear, watch, see, observe, notice)<省去to>带双宾的动词：“七给”，“一带”to不少， (vt.+sth直宾+to+sb间宾; vt+sb+sth)(give给、pass递给、lend借给、write写给、show给看、send寄给、hand交给)(bring带)“买”“画”“制作”for来了。(vt.+sth直宾+for+sb间宾)(buy、draw、make)既跟动名词也跟不定式的动词：(vt+ doing /vt+to do)begin, start, continue, forget, remember, regret, intend, like, love, hate, try, mean只能接“动名词”作宾语的动词：(vt+ doing)值得、想象、莫回避，建议、坚持别放弃不禁、完成、莫推迟，喜爱、练习不介意错过、考虑、介词to，后接动词加ing动词：mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse 短语：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，preventfrom，set about，can't help，be/get used to，be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing ,pay attention to 加-ing要双写的常见动词：一m(swim)两d和g(nod, rid) (dig, beg)三n(run, win, begin)四p(dip, drop, mop, stop)，十t(sit, hit, fit, set, get, bet, put, regret, forget, pat)(下加线的词，构成过去式、过去分词时，也须双写尾字母）只能接不定式做宾语如：(v+to do)help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)、数词：基变序,有规律,词尾加上th,一二三特殊记,结尾字母t/d/d,八减t,九减e,f代ve,几加几要注意,前为基数后为序、其他：对划线部分提问的程序：一代（用疑问词代替划线部分），二移（把疑问词移至句首）三倒（颠倒主谓语，但对主语或其定语提问时除外）四抄（照抄其它部分）some time与some times：分开是“一段”，相连是“某时”分开s是“倍次”，相连s是“有时”巧计比较级不规则变化：“坏”“病”两“多”和两“好”一是“远”来二是“老”“litter”是少不是小、a和an的用法：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. (一小时前,一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。) In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。)在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音.宾语从句的主语：一随主，二随宾，三不变。e.g.(1)She said "I will go home ."改：She said that she would go home.（一随主）(2)She said to me "You can go with me.".改She said to me that I could go with her.(二不变)(3) She said to me "He will go home."改She said to me that he would go home.(三不变)2.宾语从句中注意时态1.若主语为一般过去时，则宾语从句的时态要变为过去的某一时态。e.g.(1)He said "I wil go home.“改 He said that he would go home.(一般将来时改为过去将来时)（2）He said "I have had lunch."改 He said that he had had lunch.(现在完成时改为过去完成时)(3)He said "I know a lot about the teacher."改He said that he knew a lot about the teacher.(一般现在时改为一般过去时)（4）He said "I had lunch." He said that he had had lunch.(一般过去时改为过去完成时）(5)He said "I am playing games"改He said that he was playing games.(现在进行时改为过去进行时）特殊He said "The earth goes around the sun."改 He said that the earth goes aroung the sun.(当直接引语中表示客观事实时，时态不受主句影响）3.直接引语变间接引语时，要注意时间状语的改变。e.g.He said I am listening to music now."改He said that he was listening to music then.(此句中now改为then)后面不举例了，时间状语按下面改就对了now=thentoday=that daytonight=that nightthis morningweek=that morningweektomorrow=the followingnext dayyesterday=the day beforelast mouth =the month beforeago=beforehere=there（上面左为直接引语中的时间状语，右为间接引语的时间状语）4.最后是指示代词要变this改为thatthese改为those评论|给力4不给力0 2012-04-06 11:12nancy_575|三级1一般过去：long long ago,before ,last year/month/week.,just now 2一般现在: every day/year /month.,often,usurally,sometimes3一般将来:will ,next year/month/ , one day 4过去进行:when /while 引导的状语从句中其主语一般用过去进行时，at six o'clock yesterday .5过去将来:多用于间接引语中，主句是过去时，其从句相应的由will 变成would6.过去完成:by,before,at,until等引导的过去时间状语句子7现在进行:now , look, listen,at .o'clock8现在完成：just ,already,yet,resently,before,in the last /past few years,ever,never ,since,for、-