让步状语从句用法归纳.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date让步状语从句用法归纳让步状语从句SDN让步状语从句让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever，regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite，in spite of。切记although，though 不可与but连用，但可以与still和yet连用。though,although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet,still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如：My will remains firm though I must lower my physical sights.尽管我得降低体育（锻炼）的目标，但我的意志是坚强的。Though I believe it,yet I must consider.尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。as,though表示“虽然但是”，“纵使”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：Object as you may,Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object,Ill go.)纵使你反对，我也要去。Hard as/ though he works,he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.）尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。Fast as you read,you cant finish the book so soon.纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。Lover of towns as I am ,I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.尽管我爱城市，但我知道，以往的乡村生活使我受益匪浅。Small as atome are,they are made up of still samller units.尽管原子很小，但它们由更小的单位构成。even if,even though 表示“即使”，“纵使”之意，含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。例如：Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor,she loves him. (=He may be poor,yet she loves him.）即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。Even though he is poor,she loves him. (=He is poor,yet she loves him.）尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。He seemed youthful even though he was an old man. 尽管他已经是老年人，但看上去仍然是朝气蓬勃的。You must come in if it's only a minute. 你一定要进来，哪怕就一分钟呢。whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果，所以它的语气是比较强烈的，从而也更加坚定了主句的内容。例如：You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not,it's true. 无论你是否相信，这都是真的。Whether or not they win this battle,they won't win the war.不管他们是否能赢得这次战役，他们绝不会赢得这场战争。1“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：No matter what happened,he would not mind. (=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。No matter who you are,you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。When anyone does something for you,no matter how small and no matter whether he's a superior or servant,it's proper to say“Thank you”.只要任何人替你做了一件事，不管事情多么微不足道，也不管他是你的上司还是你的仆人，你都应该说声“谢谢”。但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say,I wont believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语句）无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。I'll eat whatever （no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句）你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。此外，有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。例如：While I like the colour,I don't like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。综上所述，我们可以看出，学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用；其次，要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。让步状语从句表示：虽然，尽管，即使等概念，由although,though（尽管，即使），however（无论怎样），whatever（无论什么），whoever（无论谁），whomever（无论谁），whichever（无论哪个），whenever（无论何时），wherever（无论哪里），whether（是否），no matter (who,what,where,when,etc) （无论），even if（即使），even though（即使）等词引导。如：We wont be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。It was an exciting game,though / although no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。（though,although不能与 but连用）Whether you believe it or not,its true.不管你信不信，这是真的。However (=No matter how) expensive it may be,Ill take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。Dont let them in,whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。No matter what I say or how I say it,he always thinks Im wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。语法小贴士1. no matterwhat（who，which，when，etc.）与whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc.）的区别：当引导让步状语从句时，两者相同，可以互换，但当引导名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）时则只能用whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc）。如上面最后两个例句可改为：However pure the water looks,I do not want to drink it.I want to marry the man I love,no matter who he may be.下面句子不能用no matter结构（no matter不能引导名词性从句）：Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.（主语从句）I am ready to do whatever you want me to .（宾语从句）例证： Whatever you did,I will accept.为让步状语从句.I will accept whatever you did.为宾语从句.2. as 引导让步状语从句的用法引导让步状语从句时，as意为“虽然，尽管”，通常从句要倒装，倒装的方法是将从句的表语或状语放在as之前，而用though引导让步状语从句时句字则不必倒装（口语中也可倒装）。e.g. Heavily as it was raining outside,they started out very early.Young as he is,he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is,he.他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。（though 也有这种用法，可以替换as，但although没有这种用法）注意，名词提句首时，不加冠词：e.g：teacher as he is,he likes Chinese very much(teacher 前不加a或the）。though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：It was hard work; I enjoyed it,though=It was hard work,but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。3.用though/although,as 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用but表示转折语气。不能说：Though he looks weak,but he is healthy.而要说：Though he looks weak,he is healthy.或者说：He looks weak,but he is healthy.我自己认为让步就是存在一定条件下的说法.4 . however 用作副词，不可连接句子。但可置于第二句的句首、句末或句中。要特别注意标点的使用。eg: Alice is a good studentHowever,she has one shortcoming爱丽丝是一个很好的学生，但她仍有缺点。He has not arrived. He may,however,come later. The composition is all right. There is room for improvement,however. 除以上提到的从句连词外，表示让步的介词短语有despite,in spite of，后接名词。eg. Despite all these facts,we cannot ignore the advantages of learning through internet.though和although引导让步状语从句时，不可以与but连用。汉语中用"虽然但是”，但英语中只用though，although或but即可。although/though he is very old,he still works very hard.=（he is very old,he still works very hard）虽然他老了，但他仍然很努力地工作。不可说：although/though he is very old,but he still works very hard。though和although可以与yet连用。此处yet虽与but同义，但它不是连词，而是副词。though l knew the fact，yet l didnt say anything。尽管我知道，但我什么都没说。-