上海市牛津版英语6Bunit9知识点梳理.doc

牛津版英语六年级第二学期知识点梳理Unit 9 Sea water and rain waterI 词组:1.prepare for准备做2.a class competition一次班级竞赛3.a quarterthree quarters of四分之一三分之一的4.sea animals海底动物5.a sea horse海马6.live in sp.居住在某地7.on the earth在地球上8.one of 之一9.the largest 最大的10.the most intelligent最聪明的11.the most dangerous最危险的12.in the oceans在海洋里13.get sth from 从得到某物14.use sth to do sth (= use sth for doing sth)用某物做某物15.in the deep sea在深海里16.be important to对很重要的17.keep clean保持干净18.stop polluting sth (stop doing sth)停止污染某物 （停止做某事）19.*the answer to the questions问题的答案20.two kinds of 两种21.find some information about找出有关.的一些信息22.on the Internet在网上23.at home在家里24.have no water to (do sth)没有水做某事25.brush teeth刷牙26.take a shower淋浴27.wash clothes洗衣服28.wash the dishes洗盘子29.at work在工作中30.water the crops and vegetables浇灌庄稼和蔬菜31.on the farm在农场里32.in restaurants在饭店里33.have no food to eat没有可以吃的食物34.cook food烹饪食物35.put out fires灭火36.Lets do sth让我们做某事37.save water节约用水38.waste water浪费用水39.(fix) a dripping tap（修理）一个滴水的水龙头40.(under) a running tap在一个流水的水龙头下41.turn onturn off打开关掉42.play water games嬉水43.take a bath洗盆浴44.instead of代替；而不是45.by doing sthby not doing sth通过做某事通过不做某事46.other uses其他用途II. 词性转换:1.*compete (v.) 竞争competition (n.) 比赛e.g., Lets have a competition about water. I will ask the questions.2.形容词原级large 比较级larger最高级the largestintelligentmore intelligentthe most intelligentdangerousmore dangerousthe most dangerouse.g., Which is the largest ocean in the world?Dolphins are the most intelligent sea animals. 3.importance (n.) 重要important (a.) 重要的e.g., Its important to learn how to communicate with others.4.danger (n.) 危险dangerous (a.) 危险的e.g., Some animals are in danger. Lets save them. Its dangerous to stand in front of a moving car.5.pollution (n.) 污染pollute (v.) 污染e.g., We must stop polluting the water, the land and the air. Water pollution is becoming worse nowadays.6.interest (n.) 兴趣interesting (a.) 有趣的；有意思的 interested (a.) 感兴趣的e.g., Harry Potter is a very interesting book. Im very interested in it.7.cover (v.) 覆盖* covering (n.) 掩蔽物；遮盖物e.g., I like the covering of the book. Water covers most of the Earth.8.intelligence (n.) 智力；脑力intelligent (a.) 聪明的e.g., Do you think dolphins are intelligent?9.tooth (n.) 牙齿teeth (pl. n.) 牙齿e.g., We should brush our teeth twice a day. 10.fish (v. ) 钓鱼 (n.) 鱼fisherman (n.) 渔夫 fishermen (pl. n.) 渔夫e.g., Fishermen use nets to catch fish and prawns. I usually go fishing with my father at weekends.11.fireman (n.) 消防员firemen (pl. n.) 消防员e.g., A fireman usually puts out fires. If there is no water, firemen will have no water to put out fires.12.farm (n.) 农场farmer (n.) 农夫e.g., Farmers need water to water the crops on their farm.13.drip (v.) 滴水dripping (a.) 滴水的e.g., Its a dripping day today. Im dripping wet. Listen! The tap is dripping.14.run (v.) 奔跑running (a.) 流动的e.g., We have a running sore. Does it hurt a lot?III. 语言点/句型A. 语言点：1. quartera quarter of 四分之一的. three quarters of 四分之三的a half of 二分之一的.e.g. Almost three quarters of the land is polluted.1/2: one second / a (one) half1/4: one- fourth / a quarter3/4: three fourths / three quarters 2. one of one of + 形容词的最高级 + 名词复数： “最.之一”one of + 名词复数：“之一”e.g., Jinmao Tower is one of the tallest bridges in the world.3keep keep sth. + adj. “使处于某种状态” e.g., We promise to keep the beaches clean. Would you please keep the class quiet? Would you please keep the window open?4. stop stop doing sth 停止做某事 e.g., We must stop killing wild animals. * stop to do sth 停下来开始做某事 e.g., When the bell rang, the students stopped to have a rest.5. have no + 名词have no + 不可数名词/可数名词复数 = not have any + 不可数名词/可数名词复数e.g., We will have no time at all to write to you. = We will not have any time at all to write to you. He has no money. = He doesnt have any money.6. needneed sth/ sb to do sth“需要某物/某人来做某事”e.g., If I need you to come and help, Ill call. We need a hammer to fix the desk.7. waterwater (n.) 水（不可数名词） water (v.) 浇灌e.g., Dont forget to water the flowers in the garden.8. waste waste (v.) 浪费 waste (n.) 浪费；废弃物e.g., Dont waste the flour; there isnt much. Its a waste to throw away good food.9. turn offturn off 关掉 turn on 打开e.g., Please turn off the radio.= Please turn the radio off.注意：当我们使用代词（it / them等）代替名词时，必须使用turn it/them offe.g., Please turn it off.10. instead ofa) instead of为介词短语，后面一般加名词、代词、动名词（-ing）等e.g., I have come instead of my brother. I will go instead of you. He was studying the whole afternoon instead of playing football.* b) instead 为副词, e.g., Mr. Wang was ill. Instead, Mr. Li gave us the lesson.B句型：*1. 形容词最高级的用法 1）形容词最高级的构成 规则变化： 单音节形容词和少数双音节形容词的最高级构成：a) 一般在词尾加-este.g., tall - tallest bright - brighterb) 重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音的形容词，双写最后字母，再加-este.g., big - biggest fat - fattest thin - thinnest c) “辅音+y”结尾的形容词，将y改为i,再加este.g., heavy - heaviest early - earliest easy - easiest 多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词的最高级构成： 在形容词前，加most e.g., beautiful - most beautiful intelligent - most intelligent 不规则变化： e.g., good - best bad - worst many / much - most little - least2）基本用法： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一些人或事物中，其中一个“最” 形容词最高级的前面一般要用定冠词the,即“the +形容词最高级” 形容词最高级+ of + 比较对象形容词最高级+ in + 比较范围e.g., She is the best student in our class. He is the most diligent of the three boys. one of + 形容词的最高级 + 名词复数： “最.之一”e.g., Harry Potter is one of the most interesting books in the world. * 最高级与比较级的转换：最高级=比较级+any other +名词单数+ thane.g., Whales are the largest animals in the world. = Whales are larger than any other animal in the world.Tony is the tallest in our class.= Tony is taller than any other student in our class. 2. if 引导的条件状语从句 if表示如果，用以引导条件状语从句 在条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时，if从句相应的使用一般现在时，称为“主将从现” If从句可放在主句前面，亦可放在主句后面。If从句如在主句之前，要使用逗号“，”隔开e.g., I will go to visit Yu Garden if it doesnt rain tomorrow.You will find a lot of interesting places if you go to Shanghai.If there is no rain, we will have no water to clean our clothes.3. use to do sthuse to do sth = use for doing sth : 用.做某事e.g., We use knives to cut bread. = We use knives for cutting bread. What do we use knives to do? = What do we use knives for?补充：be used to do sth 被用来做某事； be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事； used to do sth 过去常做某事。4. 祈使句肯定句：Do (动词原形) sth, please!否定句：Dont + do(动词原形) +e.g. Clean the table, please.Dont clean the table, please.5. How can we save water?We can save water by (not) doing sth how引导的特殊疑问句，用来询问方式e.g., How can you make this model house? How do you usually go to school? by表示“通过”,后面用-ing形式e.g., We can save water by fixing dripping taps. We can save water by not brushing our teeth under a running tap.C. 近义词1. intelligent (a.) 聪明的 clever (a.) 聪明的，机灵的 bright (a.) 聪明的，伶俐的 smart (a.) 聪明的，敏捷的2. name (v.) 说出.的名词: tell the name of .e.g., Can you name the plants and trees in this garden? = Can you tell the name of the plants and trees in this garden?3. fix (v.) 修理：同repair意思相近。 4. turn off (v.) 关掉: switch off / not turn one.g., Dont turn off the TV. = Turn on the TV. / Switch off the TV. 5. *almost 几乎，差不多：近义词：nearlye.g., Its almost time to go home.