英语人教版必修一-Unit-2语言点.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语人教版必修一-Unit-2语言点英语人教版必修一-Unit-2语言点Unit2 English around the world语言点目标认知重点词汇base, command, request, develop, identity, expect, recognize, straight，actually重点短语because of, come up, make use of, play a part in, a number of, even if, in the way, more than，at present, such as重点句型believe it or not一族插入语do you think知识讲解重点词汇base【原句回放】English was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多地以德语为基础，而我们今天说的不是。【点拨】base vt. 根据，基于 n基础；基地；基数常见搭配：base A on/upon B 把A 建立在B的基础上be based on 以为基础be based in 驻扎，设立；以为基地He based his hope on the good news we had yesterday.他把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上。The film is based on a true story. 这个电影是以一个真实的故事为基础的。They decided to base the new company in York. 他们决定新公司设在纽约。【拓展】basic adj. 基础的，基本的command【原句回放】Can you find the following command and request from Reading? 你能从阅读部分找出下列命令和请求吗？【点拨】command n. & v. 命令，指挥；把握，掌握；控制常用搭配：command sb to do sth. 命令某人干某事be at/by sbs command 听某人支配；奉某人之命under ones command 由指挥have a good command of 精通，掌握 (be) in command of 指挥；掌握；控制He commanded silence. 他命令大家肃静。He commanded me to start at once. 他命令我立即动身。You must learn to command yourself 你必须学会控制自己.She has a good command of the French language. 她精通法语。【拓展】command接从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should 动词原形”，should 可以省略。I command that he (should) go at once. 我命令他立即就去。request 【原句回放】Can you find the following command and request from Reading? 你能从阅读部分找出下列命令和请求吗？【点拨】request n. & vt. 请求，要求注意：request主要用于较正式的讲话和文字中，多用于被动语态。at ones request at the request of sb 应某人的请求be in (great) request (大量)需要，受欢迎request sb (not) to do sth 要求某人做/不做某事request sth from/of sb向某人要求某物She made a request for some water. 她请求给点水。I requested him to help me. 我请求他帮助我。Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car. 乘客请勿在车厢内吸烟。She sang another song by request of the audience. 应观众的要求她又唱了一首歌。She is such a good dancer that she is in great request. 她是一个非常好的舞蹈家,到处都请她跳舞。【拓展】request接从句或“It is requested that 从句”时，从句的谓语动词用“should 动词原形”，should 可以省略。I requested that he (should) leave the room as soon as possible. 我请求他尽快离开这个房间。develop【原句回放】Will Chinese English develop its own identity? 中式英语会发展出自己的特色吗？【点拨】develop最基本的含义为“发展，成长”。Pneumonia(肺炎) can develop very quickly. 肺炎会迅速发展。（develop为不及物动词）The course is designed to help students develop their speaking skills.这门课程是为帮助学生发展说话技能而设计的。（develop为及物动词）Weve developed the presentation from an original idea by the team leader.我们的展示是从组长的最初想法中发展起来的。The argument developed into a bitter quarrel. 争论发展为充满仇恨的争吵。翻译：这个地方由一个小渔村发展成为繁荣的（thriving）旅游中心。The place has developed from a fishing port into a thriving tourist centre.【拓展1】develop a film 冲洗胶卷develop the mind 启发思维 develop new products 开发新产品The site is being developed by a London property company. 开发（土地）这个地方正被房地产公司开发。【拓展2】development n. 发展identity【原句回放】1. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? 中式英语会发展出自己的特色吗？2. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 后者会给美式英语拼写一种单独的特征。【点拨】identity n. U & C当被形容词修饰时，为抽象名词具体化，可以加不定冠词a，但大部分情况下为不可数名词。The identity of the killer is still unknown. 杀手的身份不明。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity. 她用假的身份申请了一份教师工作。identity card (ID) 身份证Children need continuity, security, and a sense of identity. 孩子们需要连续感、安全感和自我认同感。Our strong sense of national identity has been shaped by our history. 我们强烈的民族认同感是由历史形成的。【拓展1】identification n. 身份证明；鉴定Bring some form of identification, preferably a passport. 带上你的身份证明，最好是护照。The identification of the accident victims took some time. 事故受害者的鉴定要花一些时间。【拓展2】identify v. 证明，鉴别Can you identify your umbrella among this lot? 你能从这些伞中找出你的伞吗？expect【原句回放】This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 这是因为在早期的电台，这些播报新闻的人被期待着讲非常标准的英语。【点拨】expect 期待；预料，预期，预计The company expects to complete work in April. 公司预计在四月完成工作任务。I didnt expect him to stay so long. 我没有预期他待那么长时间。Theres the doorbell I expect itll be my mother. 门铃响了，我猜是妈妈。He didnt get his expected pay rise. 他没有得到预期中的涨工资。 as expected 正如所期待的As expected, the whole family was shocked by the news. 正如预料，整个家庭被这个消息震惊了。The officer expects complete obedience from his troops. 这个军官认为军队应彻底服从。I cant expect her to be on time if Im late myself.如果我自己晚了，我不能指望她按时到。I cant finish this job by Friday. You expect too much of me. 我到周五为止完不成这个工作，你对我要求太高了。【拓展1】be expecting (a baby/child) 怀孕 I hear Sallys expecting again. 我听说Sally又怀孕了。【拓展2】expectancy n. U 期望 a look of expectancy期待的表情expectant adj. 期望的 an expectant look 期待的表情recognize 【原句回放】Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects. 虽然许多美国人经常迁移，他们还是能够识别并且理解相互间的方言。【点拨】recognize vt. 识别出；辨认出；承认；公认常用结构：recognize ones voice/handwriting/sb 辨认出某人的声音/笔迹/某人recognize sb./sth. as/to be 承认某人 (物) 是be recognized as/to be 被大家承认/被普遍接受是I recognized her by red hat when she came in. 当她进来的时候，我因为她的红帽子而认出了她。The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!” 女售货员看了他一会，之后认出了他，说：“嗨，你好。” (2015 广东高考)Everybody recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 每个人都承认他是合法继承人。The firm recognized Toms outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus. 公司通过给汤姆发奖金表示对他努力工作的认可。【拓展1】recognition n. 认出，承认；确认；认可 beyond/out of recognition 难以认出【拓展2】recognize，know，realize的辨别recognize强调通过对记忆的搜索，辨认出原来熟悉的人、物、声音、方位等，常指经过一段时间的间隔后又重新认出来。know “知道，认识”， 指相互间十分熟悉、十分了解。realize “意识到”，强调在经过一个过程后的完全了解。强调注意到，了解本质，明白事理。它还有“实现(梦想)”的意思。straight 【原句回放】Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on and cross two streets. 哦，绕过你左手边的拐角，直行，并穿过两条街。【点拨】1. straight adv. 直接地The book is on the table straight in front of you. 这本书在你正前方的桌子上。Sit up straight, dont slouch. 坐直了，别无精打采。Go straight home and tell your mother. 直接回家，告诉你妈妈。I think I should get straight to the point. 我想我应该直奔主题。Hes been without sleep now for three days straight. 他已经连续三天没有睡觉了。I told him straight out that I thought he was lying. 我坦率地告诉他，我认为他在撒谎。2. straight adj. 直的，坦率的；连续的Try to keep your legs straight. 尽量保持你的腿是直的。Id like a straight answer please. 我想要一个坦率的答案。I wish youd just be straight with me. 我希望你对我坦率一点。The team now has an amazing record of 43 straight wins. 这支队伍已经有43次连续胜利的惊人纪录。Let me get this straightTom sold the car and gave you the money.我直白地说吧：汤姆卖掉车，给你钱。A _ road goes _ from one place to another.A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight答案为A，第一空的straight为形容词，第二空的straight为副词，没有straightly这种用法。actually【原句回放】Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. 事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的言语都会有所变化、有所发展的。【点拨】1. actually adv. 实际上，事实上 （相当于in fact）The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. (2015 湖北高考)小马实际上被卡在两块岩石中间了。She looks young, but she's actually 50.她看上去年轻,可是实际上已五十岁了。2. actually 竟然，居然 He actually made friends with a thief.他竟同一个小偷结成了朋友。3. actually还可用于会话，用在不同意或者不满意的情况下，有时不表示具体含义。Could I speak to Mary? 我能与玛丽说话吗？Well, she's on holiday, actually. 啊，她现在度假去了。重点短语because of 【原句回放】. and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.【点拨】because of 因为注意：because of是复合介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词或what从句，而because 是连词，引导原因状语从句。He is here because of you. 他为你(那事)而来这里。He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。We said nothing about it, because of his sons being there. 因为他儿子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。I didnt buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。【拓展】because of的同义短语thanks to 多亏，由于（作表语或状语）owing to 由于（作表语或状语）as a result of 因为的结果（作状语）due to 由于（一般不用于句首，作表语或状语）on account of 由于（作状语）come up 【原句回放】Id like to come up to your apartment. 我很乐意到你的公寓去。【点拨】come up (人)走近；（太阳、月亮）上来，上升；被提出，开始；发芽，长出The sun came up. 太阳升起了。Ill tell you if anything comes up. 如果发生什么事情，我会告诉你的。He came up and asked me if I knew the time. 他走到我跟前来问我几点了。Some flowers are just beginning to come up. 花正要长出来。比较：come up和come up with1. 作“提出”讲时，come up为不及物动词词组，无被动语态。2. come up with表示“（人）提出，想出”。A number of questions came up at the meeting. 会议上提出了许多问题。She came up with a new suggestion to solve the problem她提出了一种解决这个问题的新建议。Its wonderful for you to come up with such a good idea你能想出这么一个好主意真是太棒了!【拓展】由come构成的短语come about 发生 come to 总计；达到come up to 达到 come out 出来，(书，唱片等)出版，发行come on 赶快，得了吧make use of 【原句回放】So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 所以到了17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比之前任何时候都大。【点拨】make use of 利用；使用常用搭配-加形容词修饰usemake the best (use) of 充分利用(时间等)make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用make better/best use of更好/最好地利用Make full use of your time in class.充分利用你的上课时间。On your trip to Mexico you will be able to make good use of your knowledge of Spanish.你这次去墨西哥旅行，你学的西班牙语就可以大派用场了。They began to think about what use could be made of such materials. 他们开始思考这样的材料能怎样利用。【拓展】相关短语make the most of 充分利用 Its no use doing sth 做某事没用of no use (to sb. ) 对没用 play a part/role in【原句回放】Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 地域在方言的形成中也起了作用。【点拨】play a part in 在中起作用；在中担任角色常用结构：play an important role/part in 在中起重要作用play the role of sb.(play/act the part of sb.) (在剧中) 扮演角色play the leading role 起(主要)带头作用He has played all kinds of roles in his life. 他一生中扮演了各种各样的角色。She played an important role / a major part in winning the match.她对这场比赛的胜利起了重要作用。She played an active part in the local community. 她积极参与当地社区活动。a number of 【原句回放】For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。【点拨】a number of 一些，若干注意：1. a number of可以加形容词修饰number，表示数量大或小等。a large number of许多的 a small number of 少数的2. a number of后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。对比：the number of 意思是“的数字/数目/数量”，the number作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of students in our class like playing football.我们班有些学生喜欢踢足球。（主语是students，谓语动词用复数）The number of students in this hall is 300.这个大厅里学生的数量为300。（主语是number，谓语动词为单数）The Chinese language has the largest number of speakers in the world.世界上讲汉语的人数最多。A great number of people in this area are from other countries.该地区很多人都是来自外国。even if【原句回放】Native English speaker can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。【点拨】even if/ even though 即使、尽管（引导让步状语从句）Even if I didnt know anybody at the party, I had a good time.尽管在晚会上我谁也不认识，但仍然玩得很开心。Even though he has nothing else to do, he wont come to the concert.即使他没事干，也不会到音乐会来。【拓展】易混短语as if/though 表示“就像似的，似乎、仿佛”，用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句。They talked as if they had been friends for many years. 他们谈话亲热，就像交往多年的朋友似的。It seems as if it was/were summer already. 现在仿佛已经是夏天似的。in the way【原句回放】However, even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak. 然而，即使在电视和电台上，你也能听出人们说话方式的不同。【点拨】in the way 以这/那种方式原句中in the way后省略了定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词是the way，并且在定语从句中作方式状语（表示“以方式”）时，其后的定语从句关系词常用in which或 that，也可以省略引导词。I like the way (that /in which) the teacher gives his lessons. 我喜欢老师上课的方式。I solve this problem in the way he dealt with what happened last month.我用他处理上个月发生的事的那种方法解决了这个问题。但是，如果the way在其后的定语从句中作主语和宾语时，定语从句用that或which引导。如：I cooked this in the way that /which you showed me. 我是照你给我演示的方法烹饪的。【拓展1】in the way 作为固定短语，意为：阻碍，挡道Move the chair, please. Its in the way. 挪动一下那把椅子。当着路呢。【拓展2】有关way的短语by the way 顺便说一下 on ones way / on the way 在来、去的路上in a way 有几分，在某种程度上 in any way 无论如何, 在任何情况下in no way 决不，无论如何不 lose ones way 迷路more than【原句回放】Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道有不止一种英语吗？【点拨】more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；不只是注意：more than one意为“不止一个”（语意上为复数，但仍视为单数）。More than one question was raised at the meeting. 不止一个问题在会上被提出。He is more than a friend to me. He is in a way my English teacher.他不仅仅是我的朋友，某种意义上他是我的英语老师。【拓展】 more . than 比更多；与其倒不如 He has more books than anyone else in my class. 他的书比我们班其他人多。He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。The book seems to be more a picture book than a storybook.这本书与其说是故事书倒不如说是图画书。at present【原句回放】English was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多地以德语为基础，而我们今天说的不是。【点拨】at present 目前，现在（=now）At present he is a professor of physics他现在是物理学教授。We dont need the machine any more at present现在我们不再需要这台机器了。【拓展】present n. 现在，目前的情况；礼物 adj. 出席的，目前的，现存的 v. 引见，呈献，递交；赠予Its my present for your birthday. 这是给你的生日礼物。He isnt preset at that time, so he didnt know the situation. 他那时不在场，所以不知道情况。Who is the present president of the United States? 谁是现任美国总统？The exhibition presented a picture of the life of people in that country.展览会展示了那个国家的人们的生活画面。When do we have to present the plan? 我们什么时候提交计划?such as【原句回放】English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。【点拨】such as例如，诸如此类的，像那样的注意：1. 用来列举同类人或事物中的几个，一般不全部列出。2. such as一般不宜与and so on连用。Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter, finding food wherever they can. 像兔和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食物。They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers, etc. 他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。Boys such as John and James are very friendly.像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。【拓展】近义短语1. for example 例如（一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例来说明某事，作插入语）A lot of people here, for example, Mr. John, would rather have coffee. 这儿的许多人，例如约翰先生，宁愿喝咖啡。2. like 像（用来表示举例，可与such as互换）I enjoy drinks like tea and soda. 我喜欢像茶和苏打水这样的饮料。重点句型believe it or not 一族【原句回放】Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。【点拨】believe it or not 信不信由你（多作插入语）Believe it or not，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你，我们冒雨一直等了两个小时。Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.信不信由你，汤姆下周日与玛丽结婚。【拓展】其它常见的插入语to tell you the truth 实不相瞒，实话告诉你 that is to say 也就是说in other words 换句话说 whats more 而且，另外whats worse 更糟的是 by the way 顺便说一下插入语do you think【原句回放】Which country do you think has the most English learners? 你认为哪个国家学英语的人最多呢？【点拨】插入语do you think1. 原句中do you think可以被看成是插入语，放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。2. 带有这种表示疑问的插入语的句子用来征询看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求。3. 能代替think的动词还有believe, expect, find, know, suppose等。What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？What do y