高考英语动词时态语态复习.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高考英语动词时态语态复习嘉兴英语教学网高中时态语态专题（一）   动词的时态时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。一般进行完成完成进行现在do doesamis doingarehas donehavehas been doinghave过去didwas doingwere had donehad been doing将来shall dowill shall be doingwill shall have donewill shall have been doingwill 过去将来should dowould should be doingwould should have donewould should have been doingwould 考点一、一般现在时：一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。1、 常用的时间状语有：always(总是；一直), often(经常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), hardly ever(几乎不), never(从不), every day(每天), every week(每星期), every month(每月), every year(每年)等。 2第三人称单数的构成方式当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，其变化规则同名词变复数。 (1)直接在词尾加­s。 swimswims, traveltravels，playplays, leaveleaves (2)以字母s，x，ch，sh, o结尾的，在词尾加­es。passpasses, fixfixes, teachteaches，washwashes, gogoes, dodoes (3)以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加­es。studystudies, flyflies, crycries例、Diana, together with her friends, _ Chinese in China.AstudyBhave studied Cstudies Dare studying3一般现在时的用法小结 (1)表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表频度的时间状语连用。My mother often does housework. My father goes to work every day. (2)描述现在的状态、能力、性格等。She is very tired now. He speaks Russian very well. (3)描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。 The light travels faster than the sound. The sun rises in the east. 注意、（1）在宾语从句中，即使主句是一般过去时，但从句表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实时，从句依然用一般现在时。The teacher told us that the earth is round yesterday. (2)在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。即“主将从现”。I want to be a policeman when I grow up in the future. I'll ring you up if he comes back tomorrow. (3)在以here, there开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。Here comes the bus! 汽车来了！ There goes the bell! 铃响了！(4)一般现在时常出现在格言或警句中。All roads lead to Rome. One is never too old to learn. 考点二、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。1、常用的时间状语有：yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), last week(上星期), last month(上个月), last year(去年), three years ago(三年前), in 2001(在2001年), the other day(前几天)， just now(刚才),等。 2动词过去式的构成方式在一般过去时中，谓语动词要用过去式，过去式的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下面单讲一下规则变化：(1)直接在词尾加­ed。 plantplanted, workworked, looklooked(2)以e结尾的，加­d。 livelived, changechanged(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾的，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加­ed。 planplanned, stopstopped(4)以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加­ed。 studystudied, trytried3一般过去时的用法小结 (1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。She visited the Great Wall yesterday. They went to England for a holiday last summer. (2)用于虚拟语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。If I were you, I would take a small present. If I won a million dollars, I'd give it to charities. 注意在虚拟条件句“If I were you.”中， were不能改为was。例、I've got a ticket for the basketball game tonight. Cool! How _you _it?Ahad; got Bdid; get Cwere; getting Dwill; get考点三、一般将来时：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。1、 句式结构(肯定句)有以下几种：Will/shall do 单纯表将来，强调未经事先考虑将要做某事。is/am/are going to do 表示按计划、安排好要做的事情。其次可以表示有迹象表明要做某事。 例如 It is going to rain.(有迹象表明要下雨)is/am/are doing 进行时态表将来，is/am/are to do 表计划安排要做某事，此外还可以表示职责、义务和可能性。is/am/are about to do 表示正要做某事，所在的句子不会再出现时间状语。 例：I was about to leave when (suddenly) the telephone rang.2、 常用的时间状语有：tomorrow(明天), the day after tomorrow(后天), tomorrow morning(明天上午), next week(下周), next month(下个月), next year(明年), in two hours(两个小时以后), in three days(三天后)等。注意若表示经过一定的计划安排之后打算做某事，要用be going to，而不能用will。 My brother is going to learn English next year. 注意、当主语是第一人称I或we时，可以用shall。不过在现代英语中， will适用于任何人称。3、 一些表示位置移动的动词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move, sail, travel等，常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。I am coming to see you. He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 例、I _ the Great Wall next week.Have a good trip!A visit Bvisited Cam visiting Dhave visited考点四、过去将来时：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。(1)相对于一般将来时而言，句式结构有以下几种： would/should动词原形 was/were going to动词原形 was/were doing(进行时表将来)例、It was May 30th Mike had just left his home. He was going to start to fish in the river with his friend, so he decided to call his friend first. (2)用于主句为一般过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事情。He asked when the meeting would end. 他问会议何时会结束。I thought it was going to rain. 我(当时)认为要下雨。(3)表示位置移动的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive等，可用过去进行时表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作。She said she was leaving for Beijing that week. 她说那周她要去北京。例、He wanted to know when _ the English party.Awill we haveB we will have C would we have Dwe would have考点五、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在发生或进行的动作。句式结构：主语am(is, are)现在分词1、常见标志词：now, at the moment(此刻)或含有情景词look, listen等。She is doing some washing now. 。 We are having a meeting at the moment. Look! She is swimming in the river. Listen! He is singing. 2现在分词的构成方式(1)直接在词尾加­ing。 listenlistening, readreading, laughlaughing(2)以不发音的e结尾的，去e再加­ing。 makemaking, changechanging(3)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加­ing。 stopstopping, swimswimming, sitsitting planplanning(4)以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y，再加­ing。 diedying, lielying, tietying3与always, usually, forever等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。He is always helping others. We all like him. 他一直在帮助别人，我们都喜欢他。(赞扬)You are usually playing computer games. 你通常都是在玩电脑游戏。(不满)注意下列动词通常不用于现在进行时：(1)表示感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如see, hear, listen, look, smell, taste, notice, seem, hate, like, love, want, wish等；(2)表示所有或占有的动词，如have, own, belong等；(3)表示理解、记忆或决定的动词，如forget, remember, understand, believe, know, decide等。考点六、过去进行时：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。1、 句式结构：主语was(were)现在分词2、 常用的时间状语有：at nine o'clock last night(昨天晚上九点), at that time(那时), at that moment(当时), this time yesterday(昨天的这个时候)如：I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning. 昨天上午九点我正在给花浇水。I watered my flowers yesterday. 昨天我浇花了。例、Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone.I'm sorry. I_football with my friends then.Aplay BPlayed Cam playing Dwas playing考点七、现在完成时：表示截止于现在，已经完成的动作1、 句式结构：主语have(has)done 2 现在完成时对应的时间状语：（1）常与already/yet(已经), so far(到现在为止), up till now(到现在为止), recently/lately(最近), before+现在时间, in the past(last).years(在过去的年里)等连用， She has already finished the work. I haven't met him before.（2） 常与“for时间段”或“since表过去的时间点或时间段”连用。I have worked in the school for about ten years. He has studied English since 10 years ago. He has studied English for 10 years. 例、The volunteers _ a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.AofferedBwill offer Care offering Dhave offered(3)短暂性动词的现在完成时在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用，因为否定句表示的是状态。I haven't seen him for a long time. 我好久没有看见他了。She hasn't received his letter for three years. 她已经三年没有收到过他的信了。3、使用以下两种句型：It's时间段since从句。 时间段haspassedsince从句。他起床一个小时了。(×)He got up for one hour. ()It's one hour since he got up. ()One hour has passed since he got up. 考点八、 过去完成时：表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作即“过去的过去”。|过去的过去过去现在句式结构：主语haddone1、 常用的时间状语有：by the end of last term(到上学期期末为止), by then(到那时为止), before(在以前), by the time(到时)等。如：By the time we arrived, the meeting had already begun. By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 new words. 例、The plane _ when we got to the airport.A had taken off Bwas taken off Cwill take off Dis taking off考点九、现在完成进行时：表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，现在还在进行的动作1、句式结构： 主语have(has)beendoing (1)强调过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常与all day, all this morning, all these years或“for时间段”连用。She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day. 她很累，她整天都在打字。I've been working for the company for 15 years. 我为这家公司工作15年了。（二）   动词语态1  当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成（be done），时态通过be 表现出来。1）  一般现在时：am/is/are done 2）  一般过去时：were/was done3）  一般将来时：will/shall be done 4）  现在进行时：am/is/are being done 5）  过去进行时：was/were being done 6）  现在完成时：has/have been done7）  过去完成时：had been done 8）  过去将来时：would be done9. 将来完成时： will have been done2. 一些特殊的被动结构1）  带情态动词的被动结构(情态动词 be done)： The problem must be solved soon.2） 非谓语的被动结构：being done 和 to be done I don't like being laughed at in the public. the room is going to be painted. the homework needs to be done with care.3)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。   例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 4). 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。   例The meeting is to be put off till Friday5). 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等无被动。系动词无被动 例: How do the newspapers come out? 例:Your reason sounds reasonable 6）主动形式表达被动意义 be worth doing; it is +adj+（for sb）to do sth need，require，want, 主语为物时，sth need/reqiure/want doing 表达被动意义，（相当于sth need/require/want to be done）例:The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。  . It is said that+从句 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）    . 英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例:This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：The door won't lock（指门本身有毛病）The door won't be locked（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）  在too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。   例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.特殊句式：1. it/this is the first/second time that(have/has done) it/this was the first/second time that(had done)2. it is (high/about) time that (过去时 或者should do)3. it is/has been 段时间 since (过去式)4.sb was/were aboout to do sb was/ were doing sth when 一般过去式 sb was/ were going to do sth5. would rather+从句，从句常用一般过去时6. hardly /scarcely.when no sooner.than. 从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时巩固练习I适当形式填空A. 高考真题演练1.Shakespeares play Hamlet （make）into at least ten different films over the past years. 2. - Do you think Mom and Dad （be）late? - No, Swiss Air is usually on time.3. Hurry up! Mark and Carl （expect）us.4.- So what is the procedure? - All the applicants （interview）before a final decision is made by the authority. 5. The famous musician, as well as his students, _ （invite）to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.6.The girl has a great interest in sport and _ （take）badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.7.“What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _（be）president,” said the boy, with a smile.8. Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ （bother）us.9. If nothing _（do）, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.10. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ （be）the only thing on the news for the last three days.11. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry. But I _ （do）my homework. 12. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _（be） essential to their development.13. Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure. I （write） a report at home.14. What about your self-drive trip yesterday? Tiring! The road is being widened, and we （have） a rough ride.15. I _ （come）to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.16. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _（have）it for a very long time.17. We are confident that the environment _（improve） by our further efforts to reduce pollution.18. I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _（be） pretty good. 19. Oh no! Were too late. The train _（leave）. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. 20. On Monday mornings it usually （take）me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.21. Jim （watch）a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.22. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ （wait）for us!23. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ _ （repair）one of the main pipes.24. We （leave）very early so we packed the night before.25. If we （act）now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.26. When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I （change）my mind.27. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ （increase）sharply.28. I felt very tired when I got home, and I （go）straight to bed29. A Midsummer Night's Dream （open） at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.30. Im calling about the apartment you （advertise） the other day. Could you tell me more about it? B.模拟训练1. Dont take the magazine away. It _(belong) to me.2. I will go to see my son when he _(finish) the training course.3. Perhaps it will be a long time before Tom _ from abroad .4. Often a storm _(follow) by a calm.5. If city noises _(keep) from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.6. I bought this radio yesterday，but it _(work).7. A friend of mine _(return) to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 8. When Jack arrived he _(learn) Mary had been away for about an hour.9. We miss Ted a lot, for he _(kill) trying to save a child in earthquake.10. Shortly after we _(seat)，a waiter came over to our table with a smile.11. I have left the light of my office on, so I _(go) back and turn it off.12. The number of the guests who _(invite) to the wedding reaches 800. 13. Mr. Smith told us that he _(deliver) a speech the next week.14. The professor asked his assistant