直接引语和间接引语总结归纳.doc

精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除直接引语和间接引语考点1、人称的变化1）“一随主”。直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 2） “二随宾”。直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3） “三不变”。直接引语中第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “she'll check his homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 考点2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时 现在进行时过去进行时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. 从句时态无须改变的情况: 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时/将来时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out. He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： (优化方案 p11 语法专练 2)He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。5）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，时态不不变。He said, “I get up at sit every morning.”He said he gets up at sit every morning.”6）当直接引语中有以when, while，since引导的从句，只改变主句时态，从句时态不变，如： 1. He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 2. Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”Mr. Green told them that Joe had told me all about his story when he asked for a job.6）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象; 谚语、格言时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. He said，“Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. 7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时, 保持不变。例如： The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.” He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.” He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.” The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked if she had to take the medicine. 注：此处用had to代替must更好 考点4：指示代词、时间、地点状语和动词变化 1）时间状语： 直接引语 间接引语 now then tomorrow the next（following）day today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year） yesterday the day before two days ago two days before last week （month, year）the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, year） 2）指示代词：these 变成those 3）地点状语：here变成there 4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take She said, “I won't come here any more.”She said that she wouldnt go there any more. 注意：如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如： She said to us, “Ill come here tomorrow.”She told us she would come here tomorrow.考点5、语序的变化 1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 此外主句中的谓语还常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”（根据句意理解改动词）He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic. 如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.” The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked，“What's your name?” He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 注意1：本身特殊疑问代词做主语语序不变。My head teacher said:“who likes reading in the park?”My head teacher asked who liked reading in the park.注意2：1. What the matter (with you)?2. Whats wrong (with you)?(语序不变)3. Whats the trouble (with you)?（语序要变）5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。He said，“Be seated, please.” He asked us to be seated. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如： He said, “Let's have a rest.” He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.” He offered to help me. 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. He asked me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk. 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!” She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.练习1：Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” 2. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” > 3. “Dont look out of the window,” the teacher said. 4. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” > Keys:1. Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. 2. He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. 3. The teacher asked us not look out of the window. 4. Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. 一、将下面的直接引语变成间接引语1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”2 She said: “He will be busy.”3 She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4 She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5 The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 6 The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.”7 The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8. He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”9. “What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother10. “Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.二、.单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. when did he begin    B. when he began         C. he when began         D. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow      B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow      D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were                                 B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited                                 D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off     B. have seen off           C. have been seen off    D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you been           B. did you go                      C. have you been          D. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that man       B. who that man is        C. whom that man is     D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language are          B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is            D. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; had                 B. was; had had            C. is; have                   D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or not                  B. if; not                      C. whether; or not               D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car                              B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car                                      D. he spent in his car【精品文档】第 4 页