用英语讲中国的商朝.docx
用英语讲中国的商朝用英语讲中国的商朝秋连600B.C.1000),OracleScriptisconsideredtheoldestscriptinChina.甲骨文起源于商朝(公元前1600年至公元前1000年)，是中国最古老的文字。DuringtheShangDynasty,theancientsreckonedthenaturalelementsastheexertionofsomemysticalpower.商朝时期，古人猜想一些自然元素是某种神秘气力的发挥。Whentherewerefloods,drought,lightningandthunder,orsomebigevents,likeroyalhunts,journeysandmilitarycampaigns,throughdivination,ancientswouldpredictthefuturebyreadingthemessagesofnature.当碰到洪水、干旱、闪电和雷鸣亦或是一些重大事件例如皇家狩猎、旅行、军队作战时，通过占卜，古人们能够从解读自然信息进而预知将来。Thedivinationperformerfirstdrilledholesontortoiseshellorapieceofbullscapula,thenputitoverfire.占卜者首先在龟壳或者一片肩胛骨上钻洞，然后将其置于火上炙烤。Sincetheshellorbonewouldcrackirregularlyunderheat,thedivinercouldsupposedlyinterpretthesecracksasgoodorbadomen.由于受热，龟壳或骨头会不规则的裂开，占卜者以此来解读这些裂纹为好的征兆或者不详之兆。Allthedatesandresultsofthedivinationwerewrittendownontheshellsoranimalbones,whichbecametheearliesthistoricaldocumentwithwritingsymbols.有关占卜的日期和结果都会被记录在龟壳或者动物骨头上，这也就成为了最古老文字符号的记录。In1899,amandarinoftheQingDynasty(16441911A.D.)foundinhisdoctorsprescriptionakindofmedicinecalleddragonbone.1899年，一位清朝(1644-1911)官吏在其医生开具的处方中发现了一味被称作龙骨的药。Whenhestudiedit,henoticedthatitactuallywasatortoiseshellwithsomeoddpicturescarvedonit.他着手研究并发现这其实是一种刻有古老图形的龟壳。Themandarinthensenthismentocollectdragonbonesinallherbalmedicineshopsandhadthemexaminedbyhistorians.这位官员命令他的部下在所有中药铺中搜集这味中药并将其送到史学家那里检查。Finally,overourthousanddifferentChinesecharacterswerefoundonthesebonesandshells,whichhadbeenusedtorecorddivinationfacts.最终，超过一千个不同的中国文字从这些曾经被用来记录占卜的龟壳和骨头上被发现。Thesespecialdragonbonesarenowreferredtoasoraclebones.这种特殊的龙骨就是如今人们口中的甲骨。Now,over100000piecesoforacleshellsorboneshavebeenunearthedfromtheruinsoftheShangDynastyatAnyanginHenanProvince,whichwasthelattercapitalofShangDynasty3000yearsago.如今，在河南安阳，这个3000年前商朝旧都，已经有超过10000片刻有甲骨文的龟壳或者骨头从商朝的废墟中出土。Thoughsmallerinnumber,additionaldiscoveriesoforaclescriptinShangchengintheneighborhoodofZhengzhouoffervaluableinsightsintothestudyoftheShangDynasty.此外，人们在郑州周边城市商城有了一些额外的甲骨文发现，固然数量较小，但仍为商朝的研究提供了一些有价值的观点。用英语讲中国商朝：BattlesofMuye牧野之战TheBattleofMuye(orMu)(牧野之战)wasfoughtinChinain1046BC.牧野之战与公元前1046年在中国发生。ThebattleledtotheendoftheShangdynasty,andthebeginningoftheZhoudynasty.这场战争导致了商朝的灭亡和周王朝的开场。TheZhoudynastymarksthebeginningofthefeudalphaseofChinesehistory.周朝标志着中国封建社会历史的开端。Bythe13thcenturyBC,ShanginfluencehadreachedwhatisnowGansuProvince,aregionthatwasoccupiedbyapeopleknownastheZhou.公元前十三世纪，商朝的势力范围扩大到了今天的甘肃省境内，而甘肃正是周文王姬昌的领地，KingWen(JiChang),theruleroftheZhou,whowasaShangvassal,wasgiventhetitleCountoftheWestbythekingDiXinofShang.姬昌是商朝的诸侯，被商王帝辛敕封为西伯侯。DiXinusedKingWentoguardhisrearwhilehewasinvolvedinasouth-easterncampaign.彼时帝辛忙于东南战事，故用文王守卫本人的后方。ShouXin,fearingKingWensgrowingpower,imprisonedhim.受辛畏惧文王日益成长的气力，将其囚禁了起来。KingWenssonKingWu(JiFa)ledtheZhouinarevolt.文王之子武王姬发领导周朝民众，发起了对商朝的对抗。KingWuledanarmyof3800Shangdefectors.DiXinsarmywasmuchlargerthanWus.武王领导着一支由3800商朝叛逃者组成的军队，而帝辛的军队则远远多于武王。Seeinghisarmyoutnumbered,Wuinstructedhistroopstomarchinstrictformationandadvanceslowly.意识到敌众我寡，武王指挥其军队以严格的队形缓慢行军。TheShangbegantheirattackinthemorning,butthefrontrankwasthrownintoconfusion,disorderingthosebehindthem.商朝于清晨发动进攻，但先行部队陷入混乱，使得后方部队也混乱松散，TheZhouwerevictoriousandshowedlittlemercytothedefeatedShang,sheddingenoughbloodtofloatalog.最终武王博得了牧野之战，对于战败的商朝军队没有丝毫怜悯之情，血流遍野足够让木头漂浮。Afterthebattle,DiXincommittedsuicideinhispalace,leavingWumasterofmostoftheHuangHevalley.战败后，商王帝辛自焚与鹿台，使得武王一统黄河流域。WuproclaimedtheZhoudynasty.此役过后，武王昭告天下，建立周朝。
