初中英语题型突破—— 短文填空解题方法与技巧 学案（附专项练习）(有答案).docx

初中英语题型突破 短文填空解题方法与技巧（附专项练习）一、题型分析 一)、题型目标:初中英语短文填空类题型的特点是要求考生使用所掌握的词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)的适当形式补全一篇有10个空缺的短文，使短文的意思完整、正确。该类题型注重检验考生的阅读、理解、句子分析、推断的综合能力和对词汇、句法、语法及固定习惯用法的掌握和运用。二)、题型特点:1. 目标明确，内容清楚，结构紧凑，综合性强。2. 词汇符合初中生认知水平，文章长短适宜。3. 体裁多样化：议论文，记叙文为主。4. 题材丰富：科普，社会，生活，人物故事。5. 紧扣热点，贴近生活。三)、题型考查点:1. 对固定搭配的考查：这种题目在短文填空中出现较多，对于这类题目，我们只需注重平时固定搭配的积累，在解题时，相信自己的第一感觉，在通读文章过程中，即可快速填出答案。2. 对关联词语的考查：关联词在句子中并不是主要成分，但是它们在句子中却起着非常重要的作用，因为它们连接两个或更多的分句，反映了前后句子之间的关系，决定着考生对于篇章上下文的理解。3. 对词性词形转换能力的考查：这一考点，是重中之重，不仅考查了学生是否能根据自己的语言水平选择正确的单词填入空缺处，更考查了学生语言的转换能力，能由一词联想到更多的词，并选择适当的形式填入空格之处。4. 阅读、理解、推断能力的考查：该考点侧重学生对整个篇章的把控能力，能根据已有的信息进行适当的推断，做出正确的判断。 二、解题思路与方法点拨 一)、解题思路与步骤:1. 初读短文，了解大意 2. 瞻前顾后，确定词意3. 成分分析，明确词性 4. 遵循语法，转换词形二)、解题方法与技巧:要做好短文填空题，除了平时要进行大量的阅读训练，积累丰富的语言知识、词汇知识、语法知识外，还要掌握一定的解题方法和技巧，以便能够更为准确、快速地做好此类题型。1. 快速浏览，先读不做首先，迅速阅读以下短文，理解大意。掌握短文中主要人和事，注意人称和动作时态。跳过空缺处，快速阅读全文，从整体上把控全文大意，一定不能断章取义，急忙填词，影响对后文的理解。同时，该类题型第一句一般不设置空格，所以务必注重文章首句的理解。2. 专注空格，分析对比在领会了文章大意之后，填空时要根据空格句上下文和句子成分分析出该空格所缺少的词意及需要的词性，并对词性做简单的标注，例如：名词n，动词v，形容词adj，副词adv等。3. 逐一填空，先易后难确定词意和词性后，要筛选最合适的单词，提示注意词的形式的恰当变化，使所填的词语符合语境需求、语法规则和语言习惯。做题时，要先易后难，先填有把握的空格，以降低整篇文章的理解难度。对于难度较大的空格，要全篇考虑，多通读几遍上下文，回过头来仔细推敲，体会作者的意图，再确定该填什么词。4. 通读文章，复查答案填完所有的词后，要回过头来把短文再通读一遍，整体把握，逐个检查，以防止粗心大意导致的疏漏。三)、填词类型与形式转换要点:(1)名词：所填词为名词时，要考虑该名词的单数、复数、所有格，是否可以变为形容词、动词、副词。(2)动词：所填词为动词时，要有意识地考虑时态、语态的变化及非谓语动词形式的变化以及动词短语和固定搭配，还有就是与其他词性的转换，比如是否可以变为名词等。(3)代词：所填词为代词时，首先要联系前文明确指代的对象，再注意辨别和使用主格、宾格、名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的具体哪种格式。(4)形容词与副词：所填词为形容词与副词时，需要注重形容词与副词的比较级、最高级、反义词的转换，以及形容词与副词之间的转换，同时，也要考虑形容词是否可以变为名词。(5)数词：所填词为数词时，需要考虑基数词、序数词、以及相关数量和时间顺序短语的运用。(6)冠词：所填词为冠词时，冠词用法主要是放在名词前起修饰或限定作用，注意a/an、the之间的用法区别，以及冠词相关的数量短语，如：a lot of;a number of。(7)介词：所填词为介词时，一般情况下，介词使用只有两种方式，放在名词前、动词后以及其他固定的介词短语，注意介词后如果接表示动作的动词，要变为动名词V.ing形式。(8)连词：所填词为连词时，该类词性词形一般无什么变化，主要注重上下文的逻辑关系的理解及固定搭配。三、短文填空专项训练：（5篇）训练（一）Im John Wood, a doctor at a famous Boston hospital.During the first two years of high school, I found biology very (1)_.My report cards always said things like “must study hard” or “John shouldnt choose science classes”.(2)_ was really terrible for someone who had always dreamed (3)_ becoming a doctor.I lost confidence, so I left high school at sixteen and (4)_ working at a supermarket.One evening I saw a documentary (纪录片) about Albert Einstein.According to the documentary, Einstein had done really badly (5)_ school.I began to think that Einstein could succeed, then I may (6)_ a chance, too.I didnt want to leave my job, (7)_ I decided to go to night school to finish high school.Two years (8)_, I went to (9)_ medical university.Ive often thought I should contact the reporter of the Einsteins (10)_ and thank him.As for the biology teacher, I might contact her, too, one daybut not to thank her!1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 训练（二）How much do you know about American schools? They are quite different from (1)_ in China.In America, (2)_ the beginning of the term, students must (3)_ their courses and teachers first.While in China, students usually have no chances to select their courses and teachers.Selecting is very important for your grades in America.So at (4)_ first term, dont select too many courses, (5)_ youll feel very nervous and it may influence your study.Then you have to (6)_ for help from teaching plans.There is some information about subjects, time arranging, marks and textbooks.At the same (7)_, you must choose the teachers.Different teachers have (8)_ teaching methods.If the teacher is called “killer” by the last grade, many students will give (9)_ choosing him.(10)_ this kind of teacher will leave too much homework, too many exams and give too low grades.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 训练（三）Born in the city, I regard the country life as something far away.Im used to (1)_ in the city, even the noises and pollution.I have (2)_ been to the country.Nature is a strange word to me.This summer I had (3)_ opportunity to go with my parents on a visit to the countryside.(4)_ the first time in my life I have the experience with the country life.This is a small village far from cities.The (5)_ here is simple.It is different from the city life.There are few cars or other traffic on the way.The air is (6)_.The people are friendly.They are not as busy as people in big cities.Everywhere you can find them bathing (7)_ the sun.They (8)_ clean water.They enjoy the quiet life very much.Whats more, here you can (9)_ the sound of nature.You can see the children playing with water in the river and the dogs running after the people.All these make a wonderful picture of countryside.(10)_ I love the country life!1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 训练（四）China has the largest number of smokers in the world.Each year, about one million Chinese die (1)_ smokingrelated illnesses.Official statistics (统计) in 2011 showed that China (2)_ 300 million smokers, with another 540 million people forced to breathe in.China began taking part in (3)_ World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (世界烟草控制框架公约) in 2008.Governments at different levels have paid more (4)_ to tobacco control in the last few years.Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou have tobacco control rules.Half of Chinas public health institutions have been nonsmoking spaces (5)_ 2010.Smoking in some indoor public spaces and special (6)_ work spaces has not been allowed since January, 2011.Selling tobacco to (7)_ younger than 18 is not allowed.The seller should ask the buyer to (8)_ his or her ID card if he can not see (9)_ old the buyer is.For others and for yourself, please give (10)_ smoking.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 训练（五）True friends are hard to find.Often you thought you could believe in someone, but later he or she may let you (1)_.A true friend is sometimes a person who will always be there for you.Through good times or (2)_ times, they will stand by your side.They will not (3)_ you alone when things get difficult.They will accept you (4)_ trying to change you.A friend will bring new and exciting things into your life and make it richer.True friends will keep your worst secrets as you will keep theirs.They will (5)_ honest and you can always believe in them.If you talk to someone who you believe in, you dont have to worry about what you may say.We can enjoy this freedom only with (6)_.Friendship is a twoway street.To find a true friend and keep the friendship between you, you must do the (7)_ thing as well.Be there for your friends when (8)_ are in need and share the good times with them.Offer them the same things they give to you.Friendship will break quickly if only one person is giving and putting effort into it.You will find that there is nothing more valuable (有价值的) than having (9)_ true friend by your side to share life with, just (10)_ someone says, “There is nothing on this earth more to be prized (珍惜) than true friendship”.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 参考答案:（一）1difficult2.It3.of4.started/began5.at 6have7.so8.later9.a10.documentary（二）1those2.at3.select/choose4.the5.or 6ask7.time8.different9.up10.Because（三）1everything2.never3.an4.For5.life 6clean7.in8.drink9.hear10.How（四）1of2.had3.the4.attention5.since 6outdoor7.anyone8.show9.how10.up（五）1down2.bad3.make/let4.without5.be6friends7.same8.they9.a10.as5