(全国通用)2020中考英语二轮复习语法系列第六讲形容词和副词素材.doc
形容词和副词一、形容词基本用法 1.形容词放在名词前作定语 Eg:a good boy an old man a beautiful girl2.形容词修饰不定代词要后置Eg:something interesting , nothing important3.表示长(long)、宽(wide)、高(tall)、深(deep)、年龄(old)等词,应该置于名词之后Eg:He is 10 years old. =He is a 10-year-old boy. The river is 20 meters wide. =It is a 20-meter-wride river. The building is 5 hundred meters tall. =It is a 500-meter-tall building.4.只能做表语,不能做前置定语的形容词 alone、asleep、alive、awake、afraid、ill5. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词时,形容词排列顺序 限定词一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词+名词 口诀:限冠形龄色国材。或限定描绘大长高,颜色国籍和材料。6. The+adj 表示一类人 The old 老人 The bad 坏人 The rich 有钱人 The poor 穷人 The young 年轻人 The deaf 聋人 The blind 盲人 The disabled 残疾人2、 形容词和副词原级常用句型1. it 做形式主语的两种句式 (1)Its +adj+for sb to do sth 表示:对于某人来说做某事是怎样的 该句式中adj用来形容事物(to do sth)常用形容词:important,impossible,interesting,necessary,useful,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard等。(2)Its +adj+of sb to do sth 表示:某人做某事是怎样的 该句式中adj用来形容人(sb) 常用形容词: kind,good,clever,nice,polite,friendlycareful,careless,foolish,silly等。2. sb find it+adj to do sth.表示:某人发现做某事是怎样的Eg:I find it important to learn English well.3.A+be+as+形容词原级+as+BA+实意动词+as+副词原级表示:A和B一样.Eg:Lucy is as tall as Lily. Lucy runs as fast as Lily.否定:A +be+not+as(so)+形容词原级+as+B A+助动词+not+动词原形+as+副词原形+as+B 表示:A不如B.Eg: Lucy isnt as tall as Lily. Lucy doesnt run as fast as Lily.4.主语+谓语动词+so+形容词/副词+that从句 主语+谓语动词+such+名词+that从句 表示:如此.以至于.Eg:She is so lovely that everyone likes her. =She is such a clever girl that everyone likes her. It is so good an idea that we all agree.=It is such a good idea that we all agree.5.主语+谓语动词+too+形容词/副词+to do sth 表示:太.而不能 但是,当too前有only,but,all修饰时,不再表示否定,而是很,非常的意思Eg:He is too young to go to school. 他太小了还不能上学 I am only too happy to see you . 我见到你实在是太高兴了7. 主语+谓语动词+形容词/副词+enough to do sth 表示:主语足够.做某事 Eg:He is old enough to go to school. He drives fast enough to catch the bus.形容词和副词比较级1、 原级变比较级和最高级变化规则 规则变化(1) 一般情况下在词尾直接加er/est(2) 以不发音的e结尾的加r/st(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+es(4) 以重读闭音节结尾的辅元辅结构的,双写尾字母加er/est(5) 部分双音节和多音节,前加more/mostTips:(1)slow,low,few,new,narrow,clever ,直接加er/est,不双写尾字母(2) 两个音节的形容词,如果词尾是典型的形容词词尾,有明显的标示词类的功能,保留词尾不变,在前面加more/most.Eg:helpful,useless,famous,serious,active,crowded,loving等以-ful,-less,-ous,-ive,-ed,-ing结尾的都是形容词词尾不规则变化good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostfarfarther(距离远)/further(程度深)farthest/furthestoldolder(老的,旧的)/elder(年长的)oldest/eldestlittleless(较少)least不规则变化口诀:合二为一共三对,坏病两多并两好,一分为二有两个,一是远来二是老还有一词含义多,只记少来不记小2、 比较级用法1. A+be+形容词比较级+than+B,表示:A比B.Eg:Lucy is taller than Lily.2. A+实意动词+副词比较级+than+B,表示:A比B.Eg:Lucy runs slower than Lily.3. A+be+修饰词+形容词比较级+than+B A+实意动词+修饰词+副词比较级+than+B表示:A比B.的多/少修饰比较级的词:much,little,a little,a bit,a lot,even,still,far,any,ratherEg:Lucy is much taller than LilyLucy runs a little slower than Lily 4. A+谓语动词+数字+单位名词复数+than+B 表示:A比B.多少(比较明确) Eg:Lucy is 2 cm taller than Lily.Lily is two years younger than Lucy5. 主语+谓语动词+比较级+and+比较级表示:主语越来越. Eg:Lucy is taller and taller The boy studies harder and harderTips:多音节时,more and more +多音节形容词Eg:She is more and more beautiful.6. The+比较级.,the+比较级. 表示:主语越.越. Eg:The harder you study,the higher grades you will get.The more exercise you do ,the healthier you will be.7. 主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of+表示两者的名词 表示:两者中比较.的 Eg:Lucy is the taller of the twins She is the more beautiful of the two girls.8. Which(物)/Who(人)+谓语动词+比较级,A or B? 表示:A和B谁更.Eg:Which is heavier,the elephant or the tiger? Who runs faster,Lucy or Lily?9. 比较级表达最高级 主语+谓语动词+比较级+than any other+名词单数 主语+谓语动词+比较级+than the other+名词复数 表示:主语比任何人(物)都.Eg:Lucy runs faster than any other student in her class. =Lucy runs fater than the other students in her class.10. 倍数的表达方式 A+谓语动词+数字+times(两倍用twice)+比较级+than+B 表示:A比B大几倍 A+谓语动词+数字+times+as +原级+as+B表示:A是B的几倍Eg:This room is twice bigger than that one =This room is three times as big as that one The rabbit runs three times faster than the turtle. =The rabbit runs four times as fast as the turtle.11. 比较级中that和those/指代同类不同范围的物Eg:The population of China is larger than that of America.The cities of China are much more than those of America.3、 最高级用法1. 主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of+范围 主语+实意动词+(the)副词最高级+in/of+范围 表示:在.中主语是最.Tips:当比较对象和范围同类时用of,不同类时用inEg:He is the oldest in his class. (he和class属于不同类,所以用in) He jumps(the)highest of the boys. (he和boys属于同类,所以用of)2. Which/who+谓语动词+the+形容词/副词最高级,A,B orC? 表示:谁是最.的A,B还是C?Eg:Which is the most important,English ,Chinese or Math?3.主语+谓语动词+one of the+最高级+名词复数+in/of+范围表示:主语是最.之一Eg:She is one of the tallest girls in her class.4.主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in/of+范围表示:主语是第最.Eg:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.5.This is /was the +形容词最高级+名词单数+that定从句Eg:This is the most difficult problem that I have ever met. 这是我遇到过的最难的问题Tips:(1) 形容词比较级前不加the,当强调两者中比较怎么样的时,要加the。(2) 形容词最高级前要加the,但是当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时,不能再加the。(3) 副词最高级前the可加可不加。