（全国通用）2020中考英语二轮复习语法系列第十四讲被动语态素材.doc
被动语态1、 语态在英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。（1）主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。Eg:Many people speak English.很多人说英语（2）被动语态：主语是动作的承受着。Eg:English is spoken by many people.英语被很多人说2、 被动语态结构只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态，所以被动语态的结构为：be+及物动词的过去分词1. 实义动词的被动语态由于不同时态中be动词形式不一样，会有不同的结构（1） 一般现在时的被动语态be（am/is/are）+动词的过去分词Eg:The car is washed by him.车被他洗。（2） 一般过去时的被动语态be（was/were）+动词的过去分词Eg:The car was washed by him yesterday.车昨天被他洗。（3） 一般将来时的被动语态Shall/will/be going to be+动词的过去分词Eg:The car will be washed by him tomorrow.车明天将会被他洗。（4） 现在进行时的被动语态am/is /are +being+动词的过去分词Eg:The car is being washed by him now. 车正在被他洗。（5） 过去进行时的被动语态was/were+being+动词的过去分词Eg:The car was being washed by him at 10 yesterday.昨天10点钟的时候车正在被他洗。（6） 现在完成时的被动语态has/have been+动词的过去分词Eg:The car has already been washed by him. 车已经被他洗过了。2. 情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+动词的过去分词Eg:The car can be finished washing in 20 minutes.车可以在20分钟之内洗完。 The classroom must be cleaned after class. 放学之后教室必须被打扫。3、 被动语态注意点1. 省略to的不定式的被动语态在主动语态中，动词make,let,see,hear,watch,notice等后跟省略to的不定式，但变为被动语态时，to必须保留Eg:His mother makes him do homework.He is made to do homework by his mother.他的妈妈使他做作业。He saw the girl dance.The girl was seen to dance by him.他看到那个女孩跳舞了。2. 跟双宾语的动词的被动语态“主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”称作双宾语结构，即：主+谓+sb+sth.被动结构：sb+be+动词的过去分词+sthSth+be+动词的过去分词+to/for +sbEg:He gave Lucy a book.（主动）Lucy was given a book by him.（被动）A book was given to Lucy.（被动）Her mother bought her a gift.（主动）She was bought a gift by her mother.（被动）A gift was bought for her by her mother.（被动）常与to搭配的动词give（给）,send（寄）,pass（传递）,leave（留给）,tell（告诉）,refuse（拒绝）,show（给.看）,bring（带来）,lend（借给）,hand（交给）,promise（答应，承若）,throw（扔）,offer（提供）常与for搭配的动词buy（买）,make（制作）,get（得到）,sing（唱歌）,do（做）,draw（画）,cook（做饭）3. 主动表被动（1） 系动词look,sound,feel,smell,tasteEg:The flower smells sweet.（） The flower is smelled sweet.（x）（2） 后接doing表被动的need doing需要做某事want（=need）doing sth需要做某事require doing sth需要做某事be worth doing sth值得做某事Eg:The flowers needs watering. 花需要浇水。 The book is worth reading. 那本书值得读。4. 不能用于被动语态的动词（1） 不及物动词以及不及物动词词组happen,take place,break out,come out,come true等（2） 表示主语特征的动词，其后常跟well,easily等副词用主动表被动常见动词有wear,sell,read,wash,write,cut,open,等Eg:The books sell well.那些书卖的好。The clothes wash easily.那些衣服洗起来很容易。（3） 表示状态的谓语动词。have（有）last（持续）,join（加入）,contain（包含）,look like（看起来像）等Eg:The meeting lasted three hours. 会议持续了3个小时 The girl looks like her mother. 那个女孩看起来像她的妈妈（4） 表示希望、意图的动词。wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等
